stroyed; nor will we condemn him, nor will we commit him to prison, excepting by the legal judgment of his peers, or by the laws of the land. 33. To none will we sell, to none will we deny, to none will we delay, right or justice.

34. All Merchants (unless they have before been publicly prohibited), shall have safety and security in going out of England, and in coming into England, and in staying and in traveling through England, as well by land as by water, to buy and sell, without any unjust exactions, according to ancient and right customs, excepting in the time of war, and if they be of a country at war against us; and if such are found in our land at the beginning of a war, they shall be apprehended, without injury of their bodies or goods, until it be known to us, or to our Chief Justiciary, how the Merchants of our country are treated who are found in the country at war against us; and if ours be in safety there, the others shall be in safety in our land.

35. If any hold of any escheat, as of the Honour of Wallingford, Nottingham, Bolougne, Lancaster, or of other escheats which are in our hand, and are Baronies, and shall die, his heirs shall not give any other relief nor do any other service to us than he should have done to the

Baron, if those lands had been in the hands of the Baron; and we will hold it in the same manner that the Baron held it.

36. Men who dwell without the Forest shall not come, for the future, before our Justiciaries of the Forest on a common summons, unless they be parties in a plea or sureties for some person or persons who are attached for the Forest.

37. All Barons who have founded Abbies, which they hold by Charters from the Kings of England, or by ancient tenure, shall have the custody of them when they become vacant, as they ought to have, and such as it hath been declared above.

38. All Forests which have been made in the time of King John, our Father, shall be immediately disforested; and it shall be so done with Water-banks, which have been taken or fenced in by the same John during his reign.

39. No man shall be apprehended or imprisoned on the appeal of a woman, for the death of any other man than her husband.

40. And if the King John our Father hath disseised or dispossessed any Welshmen of their lands or liberties, or other things, without a legal verdict of their peers, in England or in Wales, they shall be immediately restored to

them; and if any dispute shall arise upon this head, then let it be determined in the Marches by the verdict of their peers; for a tenement of England according to the law of England; for a tenement of Wales, according to the law of Wales; for a tenement of the Marches, according to the law of the Marches; also the Welsh shall do the same to us and to our subjects.

41. Also all those customs and liberties aforesaid, which we have granted to be held in our kingdom, for so much of it as belongs to us, all our subjects, as well clergy as laity, shall observe towards their tenants as far as it concerns them.

42. But because in some chapters in the first Charter were contained that which seemed weighty and doubtful; namely, concerning scutages and the assessing of aids, concerning debts to the Jews and others, concerning of the liberty of going out and returning to our kingdom, concerning of forests and foresters, warrens and warreners, concerning the customs of counties, and concerning rivers and their keepers, it hath pleased the aforesaid prelates and nobles that they be had in respect, until we may have a full council, and then we will provide most fully, as well for those as for other emendations which

have occurred, for the common use of all whom they shall have pertained to, and the peace and estate of us and our kingdom. But because we have not as yet any seal, we have caused the present Charter to be sealed with the seals of our venerable father, the Lord Gualo, Cardinal Priest by the title of Saint Martin, Legate of the Apostolic See; and of William Mareschall, Earl of Pembroke, the guardian of us and of our kingdom, at Bristol the twelfth day of November, in the first year of our reign.

THE SECOND GREAT CHARTER OF KING
HENRY III.

H

GRANTED NOVEMBER 6, 1217.

ENRY, By the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy

and Acquitaine, and Earl of Anjou, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Sheriffs, Governors, Officers, and all Bailiffs, and his faithful subjects, who see this present charter, Greeting. Know ye, That in the presence of God, and for the salvation of our own soul, and of the souls of our ancestors, and of our successors, to the exaltation of the Holy Church, and the amendment of our kingdom, we grant, and by this present Charter we have confirmed for us and for our heirs for ever, by the counsel of our venerable fathers, the Lord Gualo, entitled a Cardinal Priest of St. Martin, Legate from the Apostolic See; the Lord Walter, Archbishop of York, William, Bishop of London, and other Bishops of England, and William Mareschal Earl of Pembroke, Guardian of us and of our kingdom, and others of our faithful Earls and Barons of England, these underwritten liberties to be held in our realm of England for ever.