He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States: for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing. pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consert of our legislature.

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing taxes on us without our Consent:

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offenses:

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies.

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with Power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complest the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free People.

Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice

and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of cur intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

Note.-This document as published above was copied from "Charters and Constitutions of the Perley Poore and Enited States" Compiled under an order of the United States Senate by Ben issmed in 1877. In said publication the proof was compared with the fac-simile of the original by Mr. Ferdinand Jefferson, the Keeper of the Rolls at the Department of State, at Washington He says: "In the fac-simile, as in the original, the whole instrument runs on without a break, but dashes are mostly inserted. I have, in this copy, followed the arrangement of paragraphs adopted in the publication of the Declaration in the newspaper of John Dunlap, and as printed by him for the Congress, which printed copy is inserted in the original Journal of the old Congress. The same paragraphs are also made by the author, in the original draught preserved in the Department of State.'

TOTION

ANALYTICAL INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE

UNITED STATES.

A

ACTS, Records and Judicial Proceedings of each State, entitled to Faith and
Credit in other States,

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION, How made,

Which have been Adopted,

APPOINTMENTS to be made by the President,

APPORTIONMENT OF REPRESENTATIVES (Amendments),

Representation and direct taxation,

APPROPRIATIONS made by Law, Money drawn from the Treasury, to be in

APPROPRIATION for Army not to Exceed Two Years,

Consequence of,

ARMIES, Congress to raise and support

ARMS, Right of the People to keep and bear (Amendments),

ARTS AND SCIENCES, To be Promoted,

ASSEMBLE, People may (Amendments),

ATTAINDER, Bill of, Congress Prohibited to pass,

No State shall pass,

Of Treason shall not Work Corruption of blood or Forfeiture, Except
During the Life of the Person Attainted,
AUTHORS AND INVENTORS, Congress to Authorize to, for Limited Times,
Exclusive Rights in their Writings and Inventions,

B

BAIL, Excessive, not Required (Amendments),
BANKRUPTCY LAWS to De Uniform,

8

1

BILLS for Raising Revenue shall Originate in House of Representatives.
Before they Become Laws shall be passed by both Houses' and Approved
by the President; or if Disapproved, shall be passed by Two-Thirds of
each House,

1

Not Returned in Ten Days, unless an Adjournment Intervene, shall be
Laws,

CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES, Who are (Amendments),

Privileges or Immunities of, not to be Abridged by any State (Amend-
ments),

14

126

9

4

332

3

3.0

340

340

Rights of, to vote, not to be Abridged on Account of Color, Race or Pre-
vious Condition of Servitude (Amendments),

Rights of, to vote, not to be Abridged on Account of Sex (Amendments),
CITIZENS of each State shall be Entitled to the Privileges of Citizens in the
Several States,

CLAIMS by the United States, or of the Several States, not to be prejudiced
by any Construction of the Constitution,

COASTING TRADE, Regulations Respecting,

COIN, a Tender in payment of Debts. No State shall make Anything but Gold
and Silver,

COIN MONEY and Regulate the Value Thereof and of Foreign Coin, Congress
shall have Power to

COMMERCE, Congress to Regulate,

Regulations Respecting, to be equal and Uniform,

COMMISSIONS to be granted by the President,

COMMON LAW Recognized and Established (Amendments),

COMPENSATION, Private Property shall not be taken for Public Use without
just (Amendments),
CONFEDERATION, no State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance or,

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, All Legislative Powers Vested in a.
May alter the Regulations of State Legislatures Concerning Elections of
Senators and Representatives, except as to the places of Choosing
Senators,

May Provide for Filling Vacancy in Cases of Removal, Death, Resig-
nation or Inability to Discharge Duties, of President and Vice-l'resi-
dent,

2 1 6 334

May Determine the Time of Choosing Electors of President and Vice-
President,

2 1 4 333

May Invest the Appointment of Inferior Officers in the President alone, in
the Courts of Law, or the Heads of Departments,
May Establish Courts Inferior to the Supreme Court,

May Declare the Punishment of Treason,

May Prescribe the Manner of Proving the Acts and Records of each State
To Assent to the Formation of New States, ..

May Propose Amendments to Constitution or call a Convention,

338

383

328

Art. Sec. Cl. Page.

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES-Concluded.

To Lay and Collect Taxes on Incomes (Amendments),

To Borrow Money,

To Regulate Commerce,

To Establish Uniform Laws of Bankruptcy and Rule of Naturalization,
To Coin Money, to Regulate the Value of Coin, and fix a Standard of
Weights and Measures,

To Punish Counterfeiting,

To Establish Post-offices and Post-Roads,

To Authorize Patents to Authors and Inventors,

To Constitute Tribunals Inferior to the Supreme Court,

To Define and Punish Piracies, Felonies on the High Seas, and offenses
against the Laws of Nations,

To Declare War, Grant Letters of Marque, and Make Rules Concerning
Captures,

1

To Raise and Support Armies,

Ta Provide and Maintain a Navy,

To Make Rules for the Government of the Army and Navy,

To Call out the Militia in Certain Cases,

1

To Organize, Arm and Discipline Militia,

To Exercise Exclusive Legislation over Seat of Government,

1

To Pass Laws Necessary to Carry the Enumerated Powers into Effect,
To Dispose of, and make Rules Concerning the Territory of Other Prop-
erty of the United States,

1

1 8 13 332

1 8 14

1 8 15

1 8 16 332

8 18

12341878

8 11 331

8 12 332

332

332

8 17 332

332

The President may, in Certain Cases, Convene and Adjourn either House
of,

May Enforce Prohibition of Slavery by Appropriate Legislation (Amend-
ments),
Persons Engaged in Insurrection or Rebellion Disqualified for Senators or
Representatives in (Amendments),.

May, by a Two-Thirds Vote, Remove Disability of Persons who Engaged
in Rebellion (Amendments),

Shall Have Power, by Appropriate Legislation to Enforce the Provisions
of Article XIV, Relating to Citizenship (Amendments),
Shall Have Power, by Appropriate Legislation to Enforce the Provisions
of Article XV, Establishing Right of Certain Citizens to
(Amendments),

Shall Have Concurrent Powers, with the Several States, by Appropriate
Legislation, to Enforce the Provisions of Article XVIII, Prohibiting
the sale of Liquor (Amendments),

Representation in, how Apportioned (Amendments),

CONSTITUTION, Amendments to, may be Proposed and Ratified,

And the Laws made in Pursuance thereof, and all Treaties made, or
which shall be made, shall be made the Supreme Law of the land,
Rendered Operative by the Ratification of Nine States,
CONTRACTS, No State shall pass Law Impairing the Obligations of,
CONVENTIONS for Proposing Amendments to the Constitution,
COPYRIGHTS TO AUTHORS, Congress Power to Provide for,
COUNTERFEITING, Congress to Provide for Punishment of,
COURT, SUPREME, its Original and Appellate Jurisdiction,

COURTS, Inferior to the Supreme Court may be Ordained by Congress,

As Congress may Establish. The Judicial Power of the United States shall be Vested in one Supreme Court and such Inferior, CRIME, no Person shall be held to answer, for capital or Otherwise infamous, unless on a Presentment of a Grand Jury (Amendments), CRIMES, Persons Accused of, Fleeing from Justice, may be Demanded, How to be tried,

CRIMINAL PROSECUTION, Proceedings in Cases of (Amendments),

DEBT, Public, Authorized by Law, shall not be Questioned (Amendments),
DEBTS, Against the Confederation to be Valid,

Incurred in aid of Rebellion, not to be Assumed or Paid (Amendments),
DIRECT TAX, how to be Laid,
DISABILITY of the President and Vice-President, Provisions in Case of the,
Of Persons who Engaged in Rebellion (Amendments),

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Congress shall Exercise Exclusive Legislation in all
Cases over the,

DUTIES to be laid by Congress, and to be Uniform,

In Another State, Vessels Clearing in the Ports of one State shall not
be Obliged to pay.

On Imports, the net Produce of all such Duties shall be for the use of
the Treasury of the United States,

DUTY OF TONNAGE, without the consent of Congress, no State shall lay any, 1 10

E

ELECTION Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, each House shall
be the Judge of the,

Of President and Vice-President, Congress may Determine the Day for
the.

Of United States Senators, to be by the People (Amendments), ELECTIONS for Senators and Representatives, the Time, Place and Manner of Holding, how Prescribed,

Shall be the same Throughout the United States, the Day of the, ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT and Vice-President, how Chosen,

serve as,

And Vice-President, their Duties, as Altered (Amendments).
And Vice-President, no Senator, Representative or Public Officer shall
And Vice-President, no Person having taken an oath as an officer of the
United States, or of any State and Afterwards Engaged in Insurrection
or Rebellion, shall be (Amendments),

UTION

ELECTORS, Qualifications of, to vote for United States Senators (Amend-

ments),

EMANCIPATION, or Loss of any Slave, Claims for, shall be illegal (Amend-

ments),

FELONIES Committed on the High Seas, Congress shall have Power to Punish,
FINES, Excessive, shall not be imposed (Amendments),
FUGITIVES from Justice to be Delivered up,

From Service may be Reclaimed,

G

GENERAL WELFARE, Congress shall have Power to Provide for the,
GOLD AND SILVER COIN the Only Tender in Payment of Debts,
GOVERNMENT, a Republican Form of, to be Guaranteed to Every State,
GRAND JURY, Persons shall only be held to Answer for a Capital or Other-
wise Infamous Crime, on the Presentment of a (Amendments),

H

HABEAS CORPUS, Writ of, can only be Suspended in Cases of Rebellion or
Invasion,
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-(see Representatives).

I

IMPEACHMENT, the House of Representatives shall have the sole Power of,
All Cuses of, to be Tried by the Senate,

Judgment on,

All Civil Oicers Liable to,

The President Cannot Grant Pardons in Cases of,

IMPORTATIONS of Slaves not rohibited until 1808,

IMPORTS OR EXPORTS, States Frohibited from Laying Duties on,

IMPOSTS AND EXCISES, Congress shall have power to Lay and Collect Taxes,
Duties,

INCOMES, TAXES ON, Congress may lay and collect (Amendments),.
INDIAN TRIBES, Congress shall Regulate Commerce with the,
INDICTMENT, the Party Convicted in Case of Impeachment, Liable and Sub-
ject to,

Or Presentment of a Grand Jury, no Person shall be held for a Capital
or intamous Crime, unless on (Amendments),
INSURRECTION OR REBELLION, No Person having taken an oath as an
Officer of the United States or of any State, and Afterwards Engaged
in, shall again hold any office unless Disacilities are Removed

(Amendments),

Debts Incurred in aid of, not to be Assumed or Paid (Amendments),
And Repel Invasions, Congress to Provide for Calling forth the Militia
to Suppress,
INVASION AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, the United States to Protect Each
State Against,

INVENTORS AND AUTHORS, how Encouraged,

J

JOURNAL of its Proceedings, each House shall keep a,
JUDGES shall hold their offices during Good Behavior,

Their Compensation,

In every State shall be bound by the Constitution,
JUDICIAL Power vested in a Supreme Court and Courts Inferior,
Tribunals Inferior to Supreme Court may be Created,
Power, Restrictions of, as to Suits against a State (Amendments),
Proceedings of each State are Entitled to Faith and Credit in every
State,

JUDICIARY, Powers of the,

JURY, the Trial of all Cases, Except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by
In all Criminal Prosecutions the Accused shall have a Speedy and
Public Trial by (Amendments),

6

All suits at Common Law, where the Value Exceeds Twenty dollars, shall
be tried by (Amendments),

7

L

LAW OF THE LAND, the Constitution, the Laws made in Pursuance thereof,
and Treaties shall be the Supreme,

LAWS Necessary to Carry into Execution the Powers Vested in the Govern
ment, Congress shall make all,

President to see them Faithfully Executed,

LEGISLATIVE Powers Vested in Congress (see Congress),.

LIQUOR, Manufacture, Sale or Transportation of intoxicating, for Beverage
Purposes, Prohibited (Amendments),

Congress and States given Concurrent Power to Pass Legislation to
Enforce Article Prohibiting Sale of (Amendments),

When Article Prohibiting Sale of, to Become Operative (Amendments),

LOANS, Authority to make,

8

336

18

332

2

3

1

334
328