matter.

You can read he day is clear and the

an 2,000 feet and you
the sun is not shining
Incidentally, the avia-
fly as low as 2,000 feet
fly high enough to be
rescribed landing place
he motor stops.
ngle of an aeroplane is
cor is up five thousand
30,000 feet, or about
find a landing place.
usually heavier, there-
s less. But in case one
e is kept going by the

sepowered, single-moa gliding angle of only ld not be permitted to e cities have a number ich the aeroplane can

t the use of aeroplanes aerial navigation over cities will find it necEs within the city limits,

hopeless. He will not be able to get close
enough to see the number on the plate.

Unless he is equipped with the most powerful
plane available and equipped with "super-
chargers" to enable him to climb up to whatever
heights the lawbreaker may try to escape in, the
air cop will be the laughing stock of the "sport"
who flies a powerful racing plane, capable of
going at 200 miles an hour, climbing three
thousand feet a minute and going up to the
fifty thousand foot level.

Even if he has the equipment capable of coping with the lawbreaker, the air cop will be the subject of a great many jokes and will have to be ready to climb from the balmy air of the five thousand foot level to the frigid and rarified air of the thirty thousand foot level and from breathing the ozone of the lower level to breathing through the oxygen mask at the higher level.

ber!

will

fa

ng

d

リ

This twin-motored Lawson air liner can fly with only one motor going. As the photo New York Bay, and if it were equipped with only one motor, or was unable to fly for a going, it would be in danger of having to land in the Bay in the case of one motor stop Hence the necessity of requiring that twin-motored aeroplanes be capable of flying wit tored aeroplanes shall be capable of flying with only two motors going. The gliding the power plant stops or when the engines stop is usually between four and eight to stops at a height of 1,000 feet the aviator must land within a radius of from 4,000 to 8,0 stopped. If, however, the aeroplane is equipped with two motors, and one motor can k not maintain its altitude and cannot make its home station, it may increase the glidin if the pilot is flying at a height of 1,000 feet and one motor stops, he is not forced to under him, but can proceed on for many miles and reach a suitable aerodrome where h and to the passengers. Multi-motored aeroplanes and people traveling in them, are, the rates. (See Chapter on "Insurance of Person and Property from Aircraft Damage in

Face p. 103

of the U. S. and Canadian Airways and Air Routes, showing the aeronautic geographic anada. On the original, which is 50 x 43 inches in size, the airways and air routes are all the communities are plainly readable. This remarkable map divides the United States > that when an aviator states that he is going to fly across the continent, he is not obliged he is going to fly over or to. He just states that he is going to fly over a given airn regarding the route he will follow. The airways on this map are 80 miles wide, to ution to the difficult problem of operating permanent aerial transportation lines at night it danger of collisions between aircraft flying in opposite directions.

-way streets." Aircraft will keep to the right while traveling; and even if they should ind drift, they would not be in danger of encountering aircraft flying on the same air

'rules of the road," and an explanation of the three levels adopted for air travel, viz., the between cities less than 500 miles apart; the "interstate level," for aircraft navigating s apart, and the "international level," for aircraft navigating between points 1,000 miles levels are 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 feet respectively.

States and Canadian Government surveys and other sources, and includes the latest pubForest Reservation, railroads, canals and national parks. It was prepared by the Aerobe had from the Aeronautic Library, 299 Madison Avenue, New York City, N. Y.

Establishing One-Way Air Street and Altitude "Levels" Will Solve Most Difficult

Problems of Air Traffic

To meet the special conditions of the United States as regards aerial navigation and air traffic, a system of airways has been established, together with a system of altitude "levels," for different classes of air traffic, which solve the problems.

The airways are shown in the accompanying

map.

There are eight main American airways, as follows:

(1) The Wilson Airway, named after PresiIdent Wilson in. 1916. It extends from New York to San Francisco.

(2) The Wright Brothers Airway, named after Orville and Wilbur Wright, the American pioneers, who gave the world the first practical aeroplane. It extends from Washington to San Diego, Cal., passing through South Carolina, where the Wright Brothers conducted their first experiments.

(3) The Langley Airway, named after Professor Samuel Pierrepont Langley, the pioneer experimenter in aeronautics. It extends from Philadelphia, Pa., to Santa Barbara, Cal. This terminal was selected in honor of Mr. William

Octave Chanute, the Wright Brot

Bell and Mrs. B periments of Gl

extends from B Portland, Orego

(5) The Rod

of Calbraith Per ator who was the

tal flight, in 191 tends from New ginia, to Los An

(6) The Atlar gor, Maine, to K every city and co board.

(7) The Gulf West to the mout the coast, and in nity on the Gulf

(8) The Paci Diego to Puget line, and includes the Pacific seaboa The Canadian (1) The "AllJohns, the gatew Route, to Quel

real, Cornwall, Presn, Belleville, Coburg, Owen Sound, Sault Vinnipeg, Prince Althe National Buffalo Robson and Jasper t on the Pacific.

ys to be geographic standard time zones, fferent kinds of aerial he most difficult probtates that he is going t and will follow a necessary to describe follow as would be

- levels for the regula

gating between points shall not go over the nay be called the "Innavigating between ,000 miles apart shall een 5,000 and 10,000 Interstate" level; airpoints 1,000 miles at heights of 10,000

their destination. Each airway becomes, therefore, divided into two "one-way streets" thirtyfive miles wide, respectively. The ten-mile belt in the center is a neutral safety zone where crippled aircraft may navigate slowly while making repairs, aircraft on fire will repair while the fire is extinguished and the aerial policemen will have their posts.

The adoption of "levels" proved satisfactory for aerial patrol work during the war. The fighting squadrons were sent to protect the photographic and artillery squadrons at different levels, over different sectors and the aviators on duty at a given level, over a given sector had no excuse if they failed to protect a photographic plane in that level and that sector. The duties of the aerial policemen will be carried out in a similar manner.

Rules of the Air and Regulations for
Preventing Collisions

Rules of the air have been issued from time to time by the Aero Clubs and the International Aeronautic Federation and they have been adopted by Governments for use at Army and Navy air stations and have been incorporated