stone bridges; 12 passenger, and 8 wood and water stations. Owns $190,544 45 of real estate. Number of passengers carried, 143,510, and 85,764 tons freight. Express trains run 20, and mail trains 16 miles per hour. Expenses: Maintenance of real estate and way, $21,073 30; repairs of machinery, $28,732 35; operating road, $29,733 14, total, $79,538 79. Receipts, $12,917 84. Accidents: Two employes and 1 other killed-3; 7 employes and 1 other injured-8. RAILWAYS OF CONNECTICUT. The annual report of the Railway Commissioners of the State of Connecticut reviews the railroad history of the Commonwealth for ten years past. They say that no State in New England has an equal number of miles of iron track to its square miles of territory, and few States have the same proportional capital invested. During the time mentioned no great through lines or independent roads have been projected or built. Some one or two extensions of established roads have been added, in order to form more perfect connections with existing routes, and one or two existing roads have been completed. The statistics of the roads areThe chartered capital of the several railroads in whole or in part..... Of which there has been paid in.. Total apparent expense chargeable to construction account ted in whole or in part by the State is.......... miles Of which is constructed in this State The aggregate length of double track is... Average number of miles to a locomotive in this State.. $22,665,490 18,929,879 27,641,840 780.05 600.00 125.05 908.00 41 The total expenditure for working the roads has been, exclusive of interest..... $2,033,924 For fuel, oil, and waste... 353,320 For salaries, wages, etc., chargeable to passenger, freight, and miscellaneous expenses 512,277 There has been expended during the year:— For maintenance of way. $460,230 For maintenance of motive power and cars 249,961 Making for repairs and renewals a total cost of..... 710,191 The total income of the railroads in this State during the MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES. THE DEAD OF POMPEII EXHUMED THE RECENT REMARKABLE DISCOVERIES IN THE BURIED CITY. FROM time to time brief accounts have been published of the discovery of human remains, in a state of good preservation, in a house in Pompeii. Interesting particulars of the recent researches in the buried city are given by a correspondent of the London Athenæum, who says that the human bodies were found in an excavation near the house called that of Abbondanza. Falling in a mass of pumice stone, these unfortunate persons had not become attached to the soil, and it was easy to cut away the ground beneath them; but above, fire, ashes, and hot water had been rained upon them from the fiery mountain, causing their death, and insuring their preservation for nearly two thousand years. On removing the debris, which consisted of the roof and ashes which had fallen into the interior of the house, something like a human form was discovered, though nothing but fine powder was visible. It occurred to Cavalier FLORELLI that this might be a kind of sarcophagus created by Vesuvius, and that within were the remains of one of the victims of that terrible eruption. But how to remove or preserve them? A happy idea struck him. Plaster of Paris was poured into an aperture, the interior having been discovered to be hollow in consequence of the destruction of the flesh, and mixing with and uniting with the bones, restored to the world a Roman lady of the first century. Further researches led to the discovery of a male body, another woman, and that of a young girl; but that which first awakened the interest of the excavators was the finding of ninety-one pieces of silver money, four earrings, a finger ring, all of gold, together with two iron keys and evident remains of a linen bag. These interesting relics have been now, successfully removed, and are lying in a house not far distant. They are to be preserved in Pompeii, and four bronze tables, of an antique fashion, are preparing for their reception. The first body discovered was that of a woman, who lay on her right side, and from the twisted position of her body had been much convulsed. Her left hand and arm were raised and contorted, and the knuckles were bent in tightly; the right arm was broken, and at each end of the fragments the cellular character of the bones was seen. The form of the headdress and the hair were distinctly visible. On the bone of the little finger of the left hand were two silver rings, one of which was a guard. The sandals remain, or the soles at least, and iron, or nails are unmistakably to be seen. Though the body was much bent, the legs were extended as if under the influence of extreme pain. In an inner chamber was found the figure of the young girl lying on its face, resting on its clasped hands and arms; the legs drawn up, the left lying over the right-the body thinly covered over in some parts by the scoriæ or the plaster, whilst the skull was visible, highly polished. One hand was partially closed, as if it had grasped something, probably her dress, with which it had covered the head. The finger-bones protruded through the incrusted ashes, and on the surface of the body in various parts was distinctly visible the web of the linen with which it had been covered. There was lying by the side of the child a full grown woman, the left leg slightly elevated, whilst the right arm is broken; but the left, which is bent, is perfect, and the hand is closed. The little finger has an iron ring; the left ear, which is uppermost, is very conspicuous and stands off from the head. The folds of the drapery, the very web remain, and a nice observer might detect the quality of the dress. The body of the man lay upon its back, with the legs stretched out to their full length. There was an iron ring on the little finger of the left hand, which, together with the arm, was supported by the elbow. The folds of the dress on the arm and over the whole upper part of the body were visible; the sandals were there, and the bones of one foot protruded through what might have been a broken sandal. The traces of the hair of the head and beard were there; and the breath of life, adds the writer, had only to be inspired into this and the other three figures to restore to the world of the nineteenth century the Romans of the first century. They might have fallen but yesterday, for were there not still remaining their sandals, their dress, the very tracery of their hair? They were trying to escape from destruction, for the bodies were found at a short distance one from the other, as if in the act of running. What could have induced them to remain so long it is only permitted to imagine. They were three women who, terror struck, had been unable, perhaps, to act until aided and urged forward by the man. It may be that with that attachment which binds us all so closely to our native place and our hearth, they still clung to their homes with the hope that the storm would soon pass away. PROGRESS OF RAILWAY CONSOLIDATION. Much as has been said of the absorption of other lines by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, it seems to be outdone by the recent combination made in Ohic, of which, as yet, very little has thus far been said here, most probably for the same reason that the great struggles at the West have made less noise in the world than the battles in Virginia-that is, distance from the seaboard. One of our exchanges states briefly the scope of this consolidation in the following terms: "The combination includes both routes leading out of Cincinnati.via Zenia and Dayton, which are practically one interest, reaching, via Columbus, to Cleveland; the Bellefontaine line from Indianapolis to Crestline; the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad from Crestline to Pittsburg; the Ohio Central Railroad from Columbus to Bellaire; and the Pittsburg, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroad from Newark to Steubenville; also, the Lake Shore Road from Cleveland to Erie City. "In other words, the combination extends from Cincinnati to Cleveland, and from this base line,' eastward along the lake shore, eastward to the Ohio river at Steubenville and Bellaire, and westward from Crestline to Indianapolis, comprising in all about 1,100 miles of road. "The basis of this stupendous compact is a perpetual contract between the Little Miami and Columbus and Zenia Railroad companies of the first part, and the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroad company of the second part, which contract is to go into effect June 1, 1863." CONTENTS OF No. VI., VOL. XLVIII. VI. COMMERCIAL CHRONICLE AND REVIEW. State of Trade-Specu- lations-Stocks of Goods-Number of Stores-Diminished Demand- Goods Turned into Paper-Depression of Farming Interests-Relative Prices-Fall of Goods-Imports-Duties-Exports-Balance-Travelers -Investments-Specie Movement-California-Exchange-Rates-Dis- bursements-Debt-Conversions-1-Year Certificates-Prices of Stocks -United States Debt-Annual Interest-Manner of Increase of Debt- COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS. 1 |