238 Swelling aloud in every breeze, and heard the simplicity of the times of which they NEW WORK OF MADAME DE GENLIS. Its bloom or blighting,-when the Summer smiled, Planatory notes. This collection will form volume on the employment of time, which, Or Winter o'er the year's sepulchre mourned. And gray moss mantling hung. Above was heard trees Bowed to their quivering touch in living beauty, Struggled and gushed amongst the tangled roots, And even the air they breathed, the light they saw, Became religion,-for the etherial spirit No pure reflections caught from heavenly light?- H. W. L. Madame de Genlis has written a large thirty volumes. The second is that of M. however, treats of almost every thing exPetitot, which includes the memoirs from cept the employment of time. Of the twenthe thirteenth century to the middle of the ty-six chapters composing it, nine are upon eighteenth. Many of these are inedited. testaments, duty, vice and virtue, false These two collections are followed by a glory, prejudices, literary glory, sensibility, third, consisting of M. Buchon's edition of and egotism: eight other chapters are emthe chronicles of Froissart. Monstrelet, the ployed on modern civilization; they are great chronicles of the Abbey of St Denis, a long tirade against the present age, and the memoirs of Duplessis Mornay, makagainst modern inventions, and modern phiing, in all, sixty volumes. These three losophers. Whether in thus waging a belcollections include the whole of the origi- lum ad internecionem against Diderot, Rousnal history of ancient France. The fourth seau, Voltaire, &c. Madame de Genlis is collection, consisting of memoirs relative making good use of time, is a question that to the French revolution; proceeds with may be properly asked. The reader, of rapidity, and will undoubtedly furnish the future historian with most valuable materials. this writer there are parts that give evicourse, needs not be told, that in a work of The latest that have appeared are those of dence of superior talent, and prove that her Thibaudeau, who, having held important style has not lost any thing of its elegance political situations under all the govern- or correctness. Such is the chapter on old ments, had opportunities of observation unage, which she ingeniously compares, "to der the Convention, the Directory, the the end of a great harvest in threatening Consulate, and the Empire, which are cal-weather, when we hasten to bring under culated to make his memoirs very interest- cover all that we have gathered; every ing. Two volumes are published. The memoirs of Condorcet, extracted from his lose a single one." moment is precious; we are unwilling to correspondence, and that of his friends, have been announced, but are disavowed by his family. Madame de Genlis has advertised six volumes in 12mo of her own life. The fifth collection contains historical memoirs of the English revolution; among which have been published the Memoirs of Lord Clarendon, the Journal of his son, and Burnet's History of his own times. Besides these and other extensive works which indicate the prevailing tendency of French literature, numerous miniature histories, in one or two volumes, are published; among the latest of which are those of Germany, of the United States of North America, and of Poland. Two volumes have just issued from the press, under the title of "Memoirs of Louis Jerome Gohier, President of the Directory on the 18th Brumaire." This work is said to contain new facts, though in no great number, and to be well written. These memoirs continually refute the memorial of Las Casas, and other late publications on Buonaparte, whence it is inferred that the author, an old man of seventy-seven, has had some assistance in the composition of his work. "The book is quite republican," says a royalist writer, "yet the effect is not bad; because if the author defends the directorial government of the French republic, one and indivisible; on the other hand he victoriFrench literature seems to be principal-ously combats the usurpation of Buonaparte, ly directed, at the present time, to histori- his pretended election to the imperial cal productions, of which great numbers throne, his violent and tyrannical govern are constantly issuing from the French ment, his council of state, and his servile press. There are, at this time, five distinct historical collections publishing simultaneously at Paris. The first, directed by the care of M. Guizot, embraces the first eight centuries of the French monarchy from Clovis to St Louis. The first eight volumes of this collection are published, faithfully translated from the barbarous Latin into French, which is suitable to INTELLIGENCE. TENDENCY OF FRENCH LITERATURE. tribunals. He does not declaim, but he GEOGRAPHY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Several important discoveries have been lately made in the geography of New South Wales. But the most interesting is the discovery, by Mr Oxley, an officer attached to the government, of a large river, called the Brisbane, which discharges its waters into Moreton Bay, four hundred miles to the northward of Port Jackson. This valuable discovery was only made in December last, in the course of a survey of Moreton Bay, with a view to form a couvict penal establishment there. The river flows through a rich country, and is navi gable for twenty miles for vessels of considerable burden, if not drawing more than sixteen feet of water. From this distance the water is perfectly fresh. Mr Oxley proceeded thirty miles further up the river, without finding any diminution in either the breadth or the depth of it, except that in one place, to the extent of thirty yards, a ridge of detached rocks stretches across, having not more than twelve feet at high water; and he obtained from a hill a view of its apparent course for thirty or forty miles further. As far as Mr Oxley went, the tide rose four feet six inches. It was impossible to pursue the investigation then from sickness, heat of weather, and shortness of provisions; but he was to renew his survey early in the autumn. The country was level all round, from south to northwest, in the apparent southwest course the river; from which circumstance, and the slowness of the current, Mr. Oxley was led to conclude, that the river will be found navigable for vessels of burthen to a much greater distance, probably not less than f ty miles. There was no appearance of s being flooded; and from the nature of the country and other circumstances, he des not think that the sources of the river w be found in a mountainous region, but rather in its details, as no mention is made either PROFESSOR GURNEY'S IMPROVEMENT OF By Wells & Lilly-Boston. By Oliver Everett-Boston. By Munroe & Francis-Boston. reanus. of the size or materials of the boxes em- Professor Gurney, of London, has made an additional improvement upon the celebrated blowpipe of Dr Hare, and has apparently made this most potent agent quite safe, both to the operator and the spectators, which was very far from being the case, even after the improvements of Dr Clarke, and others. For, notwithstanding the reduction of the jet to the smallest possible diameter, and the interposition of screens of wire-gauze, explosions would sometimes take place where the oxygen and hydrogen gases were employed in a mixed state. Professor Gurney, therefore, has constructed his gas magazine, not of iron or copper, whose fragments, in the event of an explosion, were the chief cause of mischief, but That the sand employed in the last menof a bladder, or bag of varnished silk, pressed upon by a pasteboard cover, as lightly tioned experiment contained air, is obvious; constructed as the requisite pressure will and that the plaster was pervious to air, Dr permit, and connected only by strings for Edwards proves by a very satisfactory exeffecting the pressure, by drawing down the periment. But, as it might be said, that cover upon the solid parts of the apparatus although some air passed through the plasbeneath. From this flexible magazine the ter, yet enough to sustain life could not be gas passes through a pipe, not immediately supposed to find its way through so dense a to the jet, but into a small strong safety body, toads and salamanders were chamber, the lower part of which contains closed as before, and the boxes buried in wawater, only partly filling it, and its top is ter and quicksilver; they now died as soon only closed by a good cork; the last menas when merely immersed without any covtioned pipe being bent down, so as to delivering. It would thus appear, that the fact of er its gas beneath the water's surface, and these reptiles living in solid bodies, is not an from above the water, another small pipe, in. exception to the general law, which regards tercepted by a succession of small wire-gauze air as necessary to the support of animal screens, conducts the mixed gas to the jet. life. The fact of their surviving longer in Hitherto no accident has attended the fre- plaster or sand, than in air, seems to depend quent use of this simple apparatus, nor does upon the waste by evaporation being thus there appear to be any source of danger lessened, it having been found by statical which is not guarded against. experiments, that, cæteris paribus, a frog confined in air becomes emaciated and EXPERIMENTS ON THE RESPIRATION OF Dr Edwards, in a late work on the influence of physical agents upon animal bodies, has related some curious experiments, which tend to afford some explanation of the singular fact of certain animals, particularly toads, remaining alive for indefinite periods, although enclosed in solid bodies. In an experiment performed by Herissant, three toads were enclosed in boxes sealed with plaster, two of which were found alive at the end of eighteen months. 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Strong, A. M. For Sale by C. H. & Co. CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, BY HILLIARD AND METCALF. THE UNITED STATES LITERARY GAZETTE. Published on the first and fifteenth day of every month, by Cummings, Hilliard, & Co. No. 1 Cornhill, Boston.--Terms, $5 per annuin, payable in July. REVIEWS. Body and Soul. First American from the third London Edition. Philadelphia. 1824. 2 vols. 12mo. No. 16. do not avowedly secede from the English | second Eldorado, or an earthly paradise. Church, nor dissent from its doctrines, but There were among them knaves, who, assume, as a name of separation, the appel- doubtless, were accompanied by "the tools lation of Evangelical preachers or professors. that they do work with." There were young Of course, he is the conqueror in all argu- men and maidens; and the course of true ments, and his opponents are always silenc. love was no whit more likely to run smooth THIS book is in some respects like the "Re-ed or convinced. By the literary skill ex- in New England, than in other parts of the collections of Jotham Anderson," of which hibited in this work, the author will hardly habitable world. In short, our forefathers we gave our readers an account in a former gain great fame. With a general want of were men subject to the same affections, number. It is essentially controversial, being power, there are many important defects and actuated by the same passions, which intended to make manifest the truth of the of style, which indicate that he is not a have influenced mankind from the beginning doctrines, and the excellent wisdom of the practical writer, and will find it very diffi- of the world, as they will continue to do ritual, of the Church of England, by a series cult to become eminent in this vocation. till time shall end; and they were placed of tales or dialogues. The author chose Still, he deserves the praise, and no small in circumstances, which called forth these the singular title which the book bears, on praise it is,—o keeping his temper, and not | affections, and excited these passions, in an the ground,--as far as we can gather from altogether forgetting what candour and unusual degree. The picture of their time what he says of the matter,-that it is ne- honesty require, even while engaged in re- will be one of strong lights and deep shadcessary to consult the tastes and demands of ligious controversy. If this book exhibits ows; and we have longed to see it attemptthe body, if we would gain any influence no proof that he who wrote it is gifted in-ed by a pencil worthy of the subject. Nor over the soul. We presume so much of his tellectually as others are not, neither would production as is amusing or interesting, or any reader feel disposed to charge him with intended to be so, is supposed to be ad- having a bad heart. dressed to the body; while all that is didactic, and meant for use, is more particularly adapted to the soul. Without stopping A Peep at the Pilgrims, in Sixteen Hundred to inquire how far his distinction is accuThirty-Six. A Tale of Olden Times. By rate, how far wit or pathos may be said to the Author of divers unfinished Manus gratify the bodily taste,-we must remark, cripts. Boston. 1824. 2 vols. 12mo. that he does not appear to us to be emi- THE author of this work has entered upon nently successful in either department of a field, which we have long considered as bis labours. He has not made a very en- one that promised an abundant harvest to tertaining work; and can hardly hope to the enterprising and skilful adventurer. carry many readers fairly through his two The high and resolved characters of the volumes, unless they are bound, as review-leaders among our pilgrim ancestors, the ers, fairly to make an end of them; or are pleased with the book for some excellence entirely independent of its literary merits. As a didactic work, we think it can have no effect whatever, excepting upon a certain class of readers; we mean those who, already believing that the author is in the right, are prepared to have their opinions confirmed by the expression of similar opinions, and by such arguments and illustrations, if we may so call them, as are here used. dangers which they defied, the sufferings which they endured, and their various adventures, whether peaceful or warlike, with their savage neighbours; their courage, zeal, and piety, and even their weaknesses and foibles, afford abundant materials for the novelist and poet. Other sources of interest are to be found in the habits, manners, and superstitions of the aborigines; and characters of less importance than Massasoit, Sassacus, Philip of Mount Hope, or his martial kinswoman, have figured with Dr Freeman, the hero of the story, is the effect on the pages of romance. It may be Rector of a large parish in a large town in objected, that the habits of the first settlers England, and represents our author's beau were of too grave and stern a character, ideal of a regular clergyman of the estab- and their lives a scene of hardships too unlishment. He is sincere in his belief, and varied, to admit of that admixture of light faithful in his obedience to all the requisi- and comic description, which is demanded tions of his office. He performs all his du- by the taste of the novel-reader of the ties with zeal and wisdom, and enjoys inno- present age. But it is not so. The advencent pleasures with moderation, and with- turers were not all stern enthusiasts, nor out remorse. He is, in one way or anoth-rigid sectaries. The leaders, it is true, er, successively engaged in circumstances were too often persecutors, as they had been which are made to afford an opportunity for exiles, for conscience' sake. But many of showing what the author supposes to be the character and consequences of a religious belief differing from his own. The Doctor meets, and holds long conversations with Unitarians, Fatalists, and those sectaries who their followers sought the shores of New do we despair that such an one will be found. We trust that the time will come, when the names of that day will be familiar in our mouths, as those of Claverhouse, Burley, Rob Roy, or Rebecca; and that the charm of classic association will be added to the native beauties of the mountains and streams of our country; "Fitz-James' horn Niagara's echoes wake, And Katrine's lady skim o'er Erie's lake." With such expectations, it cannot be surprising that we should be apt to regard every writer on this subject with a jealous eye, as one who may possibly turn out an unlicensed intruder on our land of promise, nor that we should be disappointed by almost any thing that is written, and ready to handle with some severity of criticism what, in other circumstances, we might think deserving of nothing worse than the damnation of faint praise. We intend, however, to resist the temptation to be hypercritical in the present instance, for two reasons, first, because it is no fault of the author, if he has not fulfilled expectations, of the existence of which he could not be aware, and would not have intentionally disappointed if he had been; and secondly, that there is much merit in the book, of which, without further preamble, we proceed to give an analysis. Major Atherton, a gentleman, and a soldier in the service of his majesty Charles I., is induced to take a voyage to New England, by the favorable representations of a friend, and the love of novelty and adventure natural to youth at any period, and which was particularly prevalent in many countries of Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His attention was attracted, on the evening of his arrival, by the melodious sounds of a female voice, engaged in singing a devotional hymn; and on the morrow, chance favors him at the meeting-house with a sight of the face and I which led to nothing particular. She discov- | finement, and Atherton condemned to the figure appertaining to the voice, which ered, at last, what her friends had discov-stake and torture. In the mean time, Monoproves to be that of Mirian Grey, the fairest ered for her long before, that she was in love notto, another chieftain, and the real owner damsel in New England. Young Adam with our hero, and that, as it was impossi- of the female prisoners, returns, and accepts Cupid, he who shot so trim in the case of ble they could ever be united, they were in the terms which Sassecus had refused; MiKing Cophetua, drew his bow in the pre- a situation, which, besides being bad in its riam and her companion are released, and sent instance with as little regard to the present aspect, was not likely to mend. nothing now remains but the deliverance of fitness of things, or, to forbear metaphor, She communicates this opinion to her lover, Atherton, which is accomplished by a party the high-church cavalier fell in love with which affects him powerfully, and induces from the sloop, at the critical moment, the Puritan maiden. Major Atherton is him to leave her suddenly, and repair to when he is beginning to be enveloped in soon introduced to Mr Winslow, Mr Brad-Boston. Miriam soon follows him, on her smoke. The lovers once more meet and ford, and other worthies of the time, among way to the neighbourhood of Saybrook, on part. The lady returns to her home, and whom is Captain Standish, the military com- the Connecticut, with her cousin, who had the gentleman accompanies the English mander at New Plymouth, and a kinsman been lately married, and chance conducts soldiers, whom he finds at Saybrook, on of our hero. At the house of Mr Winslow her to the same inn; no very improbable their expedition against the savages; he withe meets with Peregrine White, the first circumstance, by the way, if it conducted nesses the two bloody attacks upon the Peborn of New England, who is made to act her to any one in Boston, in 1636. The meet- quod entrenchments, by the troops under the part of the gracioso or Jack Pudding ing was, of course, distressing, but as nei- Captain Mason, which resulted in the deof the piece, of whom we shall speak here- ther any good reason could be given why struction or dispersion of that fierce people, after, directing our attention, at present, she should not proceed with her cousin, nor returns at the close of the campaign to Bosto the main action, namely, the loves of why Major Atherton should accompany her, ton, and proceeds from thence to Plymouth. Atherton and Miriam Grey. The reader they were again compelled to separate. The story now draws to a close. Mr Grey, will need no ghost to tell him that these Rumours of war soon after arose between while these events were taking place, had encountered many obstacles; two were the Pequods and the colonists, and the returned from England, and, after some in the form of rivals, of whom one was danger was particularly threatening to the hesitation, finds himself unable to refuse a Puritan with close-cropped hair, an settlers on the banks of the Connecticut. the hand of his daughter to him who had ungainly manner, and a reasonably good An army was to be raised, and our hero twice saved her life; he accordingly conopinion of his own gifts, but honest withal, was, of course, among the volunteers; but sents to the match, provided that Miriam is and upright, and a sincere lover, whom we being unwilling to wait the tardy motions willing, and, as her consent is obtained withsometimes respect, but oftener laugh at; the of the equipment, took passage in a Dutch out much difficulty, Major Atherton is made other a gallant Virginian, one of the know- vessel belonging to New Amsterdam, which happy, and, in process of time, becomes a ing ones of the day, a contemner of things proposed to touch at Saybrook. The prov- Puritan, and lives to a good old age in the sacred, or a hypocritical observer of them, erb which intimates the difference between usual manner. The subordinate personages a cajoler, or a bully, as the case might haste and speed, proved to be applicable in are all properly disposed of by death, marbe; one, in short, of that numerous class, the present instance; for, besides, that the riage, or otherwise, and the survivors made who are as commonly to be found in novels ordinary motions of the Dutch dogger were as happy as their respective cases would as in real life, and are governed by no par- not particularly expeditious, the skipper, admit. ticular principle, except a regard to their alarmed by some reports of the numbers own immediate interest. A more serious and power of the Pequods, chose to omit impediment existed in the righteous horror, visiting the river, and proceed directly to with which the father of the damsel re- New Amsterdam. Their passenger was ingarded the idea of a connexion between his dignant at this tergiversation; but as his daughter and a member of the persecuting wrath produced no other effect than that church of England. It would not, proba- of exciting the astonishment of Mynheer, bly, have been of much advantage to his he was fairly landed at Manhattan, and left cause, that he was not bigotted to forms, to rail against his destiny, and employ himbut disposed to respect modes of worship self, as well as he could, in prevailing upon not entirely consonant to those in which he the Dutch to despatch a vessel to Saybrook. had been educated. Charity, of this kind, This desirable end was, after many delays, was a virtue of very equivocal value in at last accomplished, and our hero once more those days, and more likely to fix upon the on his way towards the scene of action. The possessor the character of a Gallio, than any purpose of the expedition was the ransom more favourable one. Fortunately, the op- of two females, who had been captured by portunity which occurred to him of saving the natives, in a late inroad upon the town the life of the daughter, while it served to of Weathersfield; and on board the sloop distance his rivals in her opinion, did much were embarked some distinguished Pequod towards removing the prejudices of the fa- prisoners, who were to be exchanged for ther against him. The objection to his them. With the chief of these, Cushmiform of worship, however, was still insur- naw, Major Atherton succeeds in forming mountable, and an intimation of his purpose an acquaintance, which afterwards proves of seeking the hand of Miss Grey was re- of service to him. On reaching the place butted with the decision of principle. Time of their destination, a negociation is opened rolled on, however, and the affair continued with Sassacus, the chief of the Pequods; undecided. Mr Grey left the Colony, on a but the terms of the cartel could not be savisit to the mother country; a matter which tisfactorily arranged. Atherton, in the required more time two hundred years ago, mean time, discovers that one of the capthan it does at this day, when a man may tives is Miriam Grey; and on the failure travel over Europe and return, before his of the treaty, takes measures to rescue her; friends in the next street have noticed his and, following the directions of Cushminaw, absence. He left Major Atherton to con- nearly succeeds in his attempt. The whole tinue his attentions to Miriam, and Miriam party, however, are seized just as they to imagine, in some indistinct manner, that are about to gain the boat, and Miriam is these attentions were agreeable things, carried back to her former place of con We have few remarks to make upon the characters of the hero and heroine; they are necessary evils in a novel, and provided the latter incurs and escapes a proper variety of dangers and delicate distresses, the former kills his giant with due discretion, and both are happily brought together at the conclusion, every reasonable reader ought to be contented; we say, if they are happily brought together; for, we take this occasion of entering our protest against a practice, which has sometimes obtained, of destroying one or both of the parties. We believe that this is seldom or never necesary. A novelist, in our opinion, has the same right over his principal characters, that a husband formerly had over his wife; he is only precluded from destroying life or limb; and we give future writers fair warning, that we shall always resent any such infringement of their charter. It is idle for him to talk of difficulties, who has gods and machines at his disposal; and we insist, that where the matter is within our jurisdiction, life shall be saved at all hazards. We have always thought the death of Clara Mowbray a very unhandsome thing on the part of the Great Unknown, as well as a dangerous example to aspirants, and one which, after this intimation of our view of it, they will follow at their peril. Many characters in this work are well sustained. We would mention among them, those of Standish, and Peregrine White, who, as we have hinted before, is described as a wag, upon the authority, we suppose, |