More's (Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor) Uto- | Paley's Moral Philosophy. 2 vols. Shakspeare's Works, with the most ap- 2 Hobbes on Government and Morals, Sid ney's (Algernon) select Works. 1 vol. Taylor's (Jeremy) select Works. 2 vols. mighty rivers and inland seas, which intersect our country with a magnificence and grandeur unknown in any other region of the globe, gave evidence that restless and destroying man had early tracked the untilled soil with steps of blood, and awakened the startled echoes of this new world, with the discord of his mad ambition. Fox's (Charles Jas.) select Speeches. 1 vol. es. 1 vol. Mitford's History of Greece. 7 vols. 3 vols. Mackenzie's Novels. 2 vols. Bloomfield's poetical Works, Wordsworth's Villages and towns now rise on the site of those forests which, forty-five years since, witnessed the fierce encounters of two adverse armies; and future patriots and statesmen occupy the spot, where the cruel savage iminolated his unfortunate captive, or performed the superstitious rites of his untutored worship. The frowning wilderness has become the scene of gaiety and splendor, where the bloom and brightness of beauty, the enchanting vagaries of fashion, and the luxurious refinements of wealth unite their witching influence; where the graceful dance, the ravishments of music, and every varying pleasure which invention can devise, conspire to charm away the hours of the gay and idle throng, who annually resort to taste the far famed waters of Saratoga. Nor can the foot of the an-American press the soil, mingled, as it is, with the dust of the great and the brave, without a thrill of national pride, as he recalls the events of the year so glorious in the annals of his country, and which have shed a tinge of romantic, we had almost said of classic interest over the wild scenery of the An auxiliary work, in six volumes, der the title of MISCELLANIES OF ENGLISH LITERATURE, will contain a series of rare, choice, and curious productions, selected from various English writers, ancient and modern, whose general works may be ei-north." See Vol. I. pp. 134-5. ther of too early a date, or not of sufficient interest to warrant entire publication in the preceding collection; it will also furnish many individual and fugitive articles, | drawn from manuscripts, obsolete works, and other sources, not within the reach of Bolingbroke's (Lord) political and histor-general readers. It will, of course, con Swift's historical, political, satirical, and ical Works. 3 vols. Young's Works. 2 vols. 10 vols. Montague's (Lady Mary W.) Letters. 2 vols. Fielding's Novels. 5 vols. 1 vol. Chatham's (Earl of) Works. 1 vol. Johnson's (Dr Samuel) Works. 8 vols. tain many rich morsels and delicacies of Subscriptions will be received by the Specimens of the work may be seen Hume's philosophical Works and History, at any of those places. with its Continuations. 15 vols. Sterne's Works. 3 vols. 1 vol. LATELY PUBLISHED ART. XVI.-Transactions of the Royal Society of ART. XVII.---Notice of the Attempts to reach the ART. XIX.--Observations upon some of the Min curred in Sicily, by Prof. Ferrara. Akenside's poetical Works, Collins' poetical Works, Gray's poetical Works, Sav-BY CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co. and for age's poetical Works. sale at their Bookstore, No. 1. Cornhill, Armstrong's poetical Works, Beattie's po- Boston, "Saratoga, a Tale of the Revolu etical Works, Cotton's (Sir R.) poetical tion." The portion of American History Works, Falconer's poetical Works. 1 vol. with which this Tale is interwoven is that Smollett's Works. 3 vols. of the Northern Campaign of 1777, which Robertson's Works. 8 vols. terminated in the surrender of General Blackstone's Commentaries. 4 vols. Burgoyne's army to General Gates. The Smith's Wealth of Nations. 3 vols. following extract is a fair sample of the auChapone's Letters on the Mind, Gregory's thor's manner of writing, and will serve, it Legacy to his Daughter, Pennington's is hoped, to bring into more general notice Advice to her Daughter. 1 vol. a work, which, in the popular style of ro-bridge.-American Geological Society.-Perkins Goldsmith's Miscellaneous Works. 4 vols. mance, recapitulates a series of events Burke's select.Works. 5 vols. highly interesting to every citizen of the Cowper's Works. 1 vol. United States. Berkley's philosophical and political Works. "That part of New York which in the year 1777 vol. was the scene of contest between the two experiencBlair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles ed Generals, Burgoyne and Gates, exhibited at that Letters. 2 vols. THE UNITED STATES LITERARY GAZETTE. Published on the first and fifteenth day of every month, by Cummings, Hilliard, & Co. No. 1 Cornhill, Boston.Terms, $5 per annum, payable in July. VOL. I. BOSTON, NOVEMBER 1, 1824. former American possessions, the islands nations. No. 14. availed himself of these opportunities to mingle with different classes of the people of various ranks and occupations, to learn their domestic manners and customs, and to enable himself to form a judgment from the condition and views of the mass of the people, of the political prospects and destiny of these countries. This work has been published for many months; but, perhaps, we should apologize not so much for the delay, as for reviewing at all, and yet more for reviewing at so The seventh chapter gives an account of much length, in a journal professedly na- a cruise to the southern coast of Chili, durtional, a foreign work not immediately re- ing which our author visited Conception, lating to this country. But we think our that city of Chili which has suffered more readers will be contented to become better than all the others from the storms and acquainted with a book declared to be very tempests of the revolution. He there reinteresting by testimony which cannot de- lates many interesting particulars of Benceive; our principal newspapers have teem-evides, the pirate, in a short sketch of his ed with extracts from it; and we have seen career. But the events connected with his announced in a late number of an English proceedings are, perhaps, better known in magazine, the third English edition. this country, than almost any other occurrence of the South American revolution, as several of our whaling ships and merchantmen were so unfortunate as to fall within the reach of his depredations; and some of their officers and crews, after being detained a long time in confinement, have escaped, and returned home, to recount their stories. WE, the people of the United States, in com- But these times are rapidly passing away. The termination of Spanish misrule is near, if it has not come. Our Southern brethren are beginning to be known among the nations, and the enterprize and curiosity of the civilized world is aroused. Information about their domestic and political relations is sought with avidity, and no where more earnestly than with us; for no people are more nearly interested in their present situation, or their future prospects, than the people of these United States. It is highly improbable, nay, in the present aspect of their affairs, we may pronounce it morally impossible, that the authority of Spain should ever again be excrcised in any part of her not raise the anticipations of our readers The next chapter describes an excursion to the mining districts of Chili. On this occasion Capt. Hall ascertained a fact which may surprise some of our readers, viz., that the working of the copper mines, on an average, yielded a handsome profit to the miner; that the profits arising from the silver mines were more precarious and uncertain; while the working of the gold mines proved a ruinous business to the greater part of those who engaged in it. To one gold mine, there are about fifteen of silver, and not less than fifty of copper, in operation. Capt. Hall, in the British Frigate Conway, under his command, arrived at Valpa- In the course of our walk, we discovered a grove raiso in December, 1820, and remained on of trees near the stream; in the centre of which the western coast of America until June, stood a neatly built cottage, surrounded by a farm1822, during which period he visited all the yard, offices and garden, with every thing in the ports of any importance in Chili and Peru, most rural style, except a gold mill, which, though characteristic enough of Copiapó, certainly looked and those of the republic of Colombia and of somewhat out of place. This establishment beMexico, situated on the Pacific Ocean. The longed to a man who was making a sure fortune ports of Valparaiso and Callao, with the by a copper mine, till, unfortunately, it gradually cities of Santiago and Lima, were visited degenerated into a mine of gold: from that moment several times. At that period a regular since on the ebb. This, which at first looks a little the tide of his fortunes turned, and has been ever commercial intercourse between England paradoxical, is precisely what might be expected, and those countries, as well as between for it is the scarcity of gold, the uncertainty of its them and the United States, began to be extent in any given situation, and the consequent established; but there were as yet no Eng-great cost of production, which, while they give it lish consuls, or accredited commercial agents residing there; and Capt. Hall was authorized, in all cases where the functions of such officers would be necessary, to act in their stead. In discharge of this duty, he had occasion to be more frequently on shore, and in communication with the constituted authorities of the different towns, than his duties as commander of a ship of war would otherwise have permitted. He so high an exchangeable value render mining speccountries, therefore, it has become a common sayulations in gold invariably hazardous. In these ing, that a diligent man who works a copper mine is sure to gain; that he who works one of silver may either gain or lose; but that if the mine 'be of gold, he is certainly ruined. His description of the mines, and the various processes by which the metals are separated from the ores, and made ready for exportation, will be found interesting. three days-somebody said there was one last An old man in com upon our press He accompanies these accounts with a ta- | except this one, and one small chapel, were comble of the comparative prices of different pletely destroyed. The walls had fallen in all diarticles before and after the revolution. rections, some inwards, some outwards, presenting By this it appears that copper, at present was obvious at a glance, that what we saw was not a scene singularly ruinous and melancholy; for it the staple commodity of the country, has the work of years, but of a cause at once general nearly doubled its value in consequence of and rapid in its effects. In a climate without rain, this change in their political relations. Steel, the footsteps of time fall so very lightly, that it is on the other hand, an important item of probable these ruins were much in the same state their imports, is reduced from fifty dollars and a half before. The walls, being from three to as on the day they were cast down, two years to sixteen dollars per quintal of one hun- four feet thick, none of them above twelve feet dred Spanish pounds, and iron in the same high, and built of large flat sun-dried bricks, were proportion. Woollen cloths are reduced calculated, it might have been supposed, to withnearly one half. Printed cotton goods, withstanding their strength, they seem to have been stand the shocks even of an earthquake, yet not which were formerly from eighteen to tumbled down like so many castles of cards. The agreeable and intelligent men, whom our host had On our return we were gratified by meeting two twenty-four reals per yard, may now be little chapel mentioned above, was built by the Jes- considerately invited to meet us; they were most bought at from two and a half to three reals uits, who had bolstered it up with a set of monstrous willing to exchange local information for news only! Velveteens are fallen from twenty- buttresses, occupying an area considerably greater about the rest of the world, with which they apsix reals to two reals! Crockery per crate, than the chapel itself, which, nevertheless, was so peared to have extremely little intercourse. We from three hundred and fifty reals to forty cracked in all directions. Some houses had been earthquake. It began, they said, between eight and twisted about, that the roof fell in, and the walls soon engaged them in conversation about the great reals! Hardware and glass may be bought so shaken, that not a brick retained its original nine in the morning of the 3d of April, and continat about one third the former price. The place, yet the walls were standing, though with a ued with gentle shocks during that day and the enormous difference in these prices may most ghost-like appearance, and at such an angle, next. At four in the afternoon of the 4th, there seem incredible to those who are unac- that, in passing, we felt not quite free from appre- came a violent shock, which produced a waving or quainted with the various methods by which ension of their falling upon us; indeed, there rolling motion in the ground, like that of a ship at was hardly a single wall which was not sloping sea, which lasted for two minutes. In every case Spanish ingenuity, through the famous over more or less. In some places the buttresses these shocks were preceded by a loud rolling noise, Council of the Indies, contrived to tax her were shaken down and gone, but the shattered wall compared by one person to the echo of thunder American dependencies; but let them once was left standing, and in many cases they had been amongst the hills; and by another to the roar of a be made to understand the operation of the forced apart from each other, and were inclined in subterranean torrent, carrying along an enormous monopolies, the transit duties, the sale of opposite directions The great church, called La mass of rocks and stones. Every person spoke of Bulls, and that monstrous engine of oppres- the earthquake began, and seven days before the ror. Merced, fell on the 4th of April 1819, one day af- this sound with an expression of the greatest hor sion, the Alcavala of the Spanish Colonial great shock which destroyed the town. One of the gentlemen said, it was 'espantoThe side so! (frightful) 'Yes,' added the other, shuddering System, and their incredulity can exist no walls, and part of one end, were left standing, in a at the recollection, horroroso!" longer. These statements carry with them dislocated and inclined state, and rent from top to an evidence of the real and substantial bottom; but what was curious, the buttresses, which appear to have been broad and substantial benefits which that country has already deones, were nearly all thrown down. One of them rived from its independence; benefits not which still remained was fairly wrenched apart confined to the higher classes only, but felt from the building it had been intended to support, and realized in their full pr portion by the the wall touching it at the ground, but standing a most obscure and unpretending citizen; yard and a half from it at the top. It appears, and they need no further comment. In these supports contribute nothing to the stability of therefore, as ought to have been anticipated, that connexion with this subject, we have an al- a wall exposed to the shaking of an earthquake; lusion to the policy of the new governments their real use being to resist a lateral thrust outin regulating the affairs of trade. It ap- wards, not to act against a vibratory motion of the pears they have adopted that true policy, ground on which they stand. *** which some older States have yet to learn, of leaving it to itself. They had suffered severely, through many generations, from the evils of too much legislation; a system of government in which Spain has long stood preeminent, and which she has applied with redoubled severity in her colonial regulations. They, we speak of the Chilians more particularly, have opened their ports to an unrestricted commerce, and it is already pouring out upon them its abundant blessings. We extract from this chapter some account of those tremendous earthquakes which often bring utter desolation upon the finest cities of South America. Long may it continue to be difficult for a citizen of this country to form an adequate conception of them. We rose early this morning, being impatient to see the effects of the earthquake. Over night, indeed, some of these effects had been visible by candle-light, for the house, the only one in this part of the town which had not been thrown down, was cracked and twisted in the most extraordinary It was built of wood, plastered over, and the main uprights having been thrust deep into the ground, the heaving of the earth had wrenched the parts of the house asunder, but without demolishing it altogether, and given it the torn appear ance it still retained. In the Plaza, every house, manner. earthquake occupied all people's thoughts at this Something peculiar in the shocks of the 4th of April had excited more than ordinary fear in the minds of the inhabitants, and, at a particular morushed in a body to the great church called La ment, no one could tell distinctly why they all Merced. The gentleman who related this to us happened to be standing near the church at the time, and thinking it would probably soon fall, callto bring the images into the streets, where their ed out loudly to the people not to enter, but rather intercessions would prove equally efficacious. For tunately, the prior of the church, who was just entering the porch, saw the value of this advice, and seconded by his authority, ordering the people to ready entered to bring the images instantly into the remain without, and desiring those who had alstret. The last man had scarcely passed the threshold, when a shock came which in a moment shook down the roof and one end of the church, leaving it in the state already described. Had not the people been thus judiciously detained in the open air, almost the whole population of Copiapó must have perished. After the fall of La Merced, the inhabitants fled to the neighbouring hills, leaving only one or two fool-hardy people who chose to remain. Amongst these was a German, who, as he told me himself, divided his time in the Plaza between taking notes of the various passing phenomena, and drinking aguardiente, the spirits of the country. Slight shocks occasionally succeeded that on the 4th, but it was not till the 11th of April, seven days after the fall of the Merced, that the formidable one oc curred, which, in an instant, laid the whole town in After the first great shock, which levelled the town, the ground continued in motion for seven minutes, sometimes rising and falling, but more frequently vibrating with great rapidity; it then became still for some minutes, then vibrated again, and so on, without an intermission longer than a quarter of an hour for several days. The violence of the earthquake now abated a little; the intervals became longer, and the shocks not quite so violent; but it was not till six months afterwards that it could be said to be entirely over; for the ground a short time little will be left of its once during that period was never long steady, and the formidable power, but the name and the frightful noises in the earth constantly portended recollection. An anecdote related by our In the course of these interesting descriptions, author confirms these cheering hopes. fresh calamities. we were struck with the occasional introduction of The following anecdote was, at this time, cur- After his final departure from Valparaiso, Capt. Hall sailed along the coast, again visiting Lima, and stopping at Guayaquil, Panama, and several places of inferior note, on the coasts of Colombia and Mexico, bordering on the Pacific Ocean. inland from San Blas, the very name of to the eaves of the cottages. On one side of the hive, half-way between the ends, there is a small hole made, just large enough for a loaded bee to enter, and shaded by a projection to prevent the rain from trickling in. In this hole, generally rep resenting the mouth of a man, or some monster, the head of which is moulded in the clay of the hive, a bee is continually stationed, whose office is no sinecure, for the hole is so small, he has to draw back every time a bee wishes to enter or to leave the hive. A gentleman told me that the experiment had been made by marking the centinel, when it was observed that the same bee continued at his post a whole day. When it is ascertained by the weight that the hive is full, the end pieces are removed, and the honey withdrawn. The hive we saw opened was only partly filled, which enabled us to see the economy of the interior to more advantage. The honey is not contained in the elegant hexagonal cells of our hives, but in wax bags, not quite so large as an egg. These bags, or bladders, are hung round the sides of the hive, and appear about half full, the quantity being probably just as great as the strength of the wax will bear without tearing. Those near the bottom, being better supported, are more filled than the upper ones. In the centre of the lower part of the hive, we observed an irregular shaped mass of comb furnished with cells, like those of our bees, all containing young ones, in such an advanced state, that when we broke the comb and let them out, they flew merrily away. During this examination of the hive, the comb and the honey were taken out, and the bees disturbed in every way, but they never stung us, though our faces and hands were covered with them. It is said, however, that there is a bee in the country which does sting; but the kind we saw seem to have neither the power nor the inclination, for they certainly did not hurt manso, very tame, and never stung any one. The us, and our friends said they were always muy honey gave out a rich aromatic perfume and tasted differently from ours; but possessed an agreeable flavour. When, in our author's former publication, he described a race of men, harmless and unoffending, without implements of war, or preparations for defence, yet living comfortably and happily, some of the more determined advocates of the doctrine, that self-defence is the first law of nature, took alarm at a statement which threatened so seriously to overturn their favorite theory. This account of another animal, which has been thought to resemble the “lord of the creation" in several points, and in none more than in its promptitude to repel an injury, and retaliate upon the aggressor, now found unprovided with weapons of offence, a bee without a sting,-may appear a still severer tax upon their credulity. If these accounts should lead one such person to reconsider his belief of the essential necessity of strife, they may produce one good effect which the writer probably has not anticipated. Our author gives many interesting particulars of the cities at which he stopped This work has given us more favourable during this voyage, and of their inhabitants, impressions of the character of the people which we are compelled to pass over withof Chili than we had before entertained. out special notice. The northernmost limit Capt. Hall found them, and in this re- of his voyages was San Blas in Mexico, mark may be included all the inhabitants called San Blas de California, to distinof the western shores of America whom he guish it from other Mexican towns of the visited, exceedingly kind and hospitable. same name. At this port and at Tepee, a He mingled in their amusements, and visit-large and beautiful town, a short distance ed with the most perfect freedom in their domestic and social circles. Stranger as he was, and among them at a time peculiarly critical, and in the midst of a revolution not yet completed, this intercourse was but rarely, and for short seasons interrupted. And though the culture of their minds had been sadly neglected, he found them ready and ingenious, and desirous to acquire information, as the means should be placed in their power. But the policy Almost unqualified praise must be given of their religion had united with the policy to our author's simple and natural style; of their government, or rather had formed free from all affectation of ornament, which a part of it, in suppressing, heretofore, would be no where more out of place, than every effort to that purpose. In this reliin such a narration and description as congion they have been educated, and as no stitute the body of this work. His error, people change their religion suddenly, in such as it is, is on the other hand a degree the practice of its forms and ceremonies of negligence, which sometimes betrays they will doubtless continue for a long time Some people, instead of the clumsy apparatus of him into inelegance if not impropriety of to come. But the heavy hand of the hierar- wood, have a cylindrical hive made of earthen- expression; as in his frequent use of the chy which has so long oppressed them, must ware, and relieved with raised figures and circular word past as a preposition, not now admithenceforth bear less heavily upon them. Its rings, so as to form rather handsome ornaments ted by good authorities; another instance in the verandah of a house, where they are susgrasp will be relaxed with the spreading of pended by cords from the roof, in the same man-is the termination of a sentence with light and liberty among the people, and inner that the wooden ones in the villages are hung" where he had got to," and a few others The economy of the Mexican bees, described in the eleventh chapter, exhibits a curious phenomenon in natural history. From the Plaza, we went to a house where a bee-hive of the country was opened in our pre- have been avoided. which we noticed of a similar character. | street, were soon filled. I happened to be at a These are minor faults, it is true, in a work house in the neighbourhood, and reached the aulike this; still they are faults, and should dience-room before the crowd became impassable. I was desirous of seeing how the General would behave through a scene of no ordinary difficulty; and he certainly acquitted himself very well. There was, as may be supposed, a large allowance of enoccasion; and to a man innately modest, and natthusiasm, and high-wrought expression, upon the urally averse to show, or ostentation of any kind, it was not an easy matter to receive such praises without betraying impatience. We do not feel ourselves qualified to add much to what we have already said on the political relations of the southern peninsula. The web of South American politics is too intricate for us to attempt to unravel. Even the history of their revolution has been but imperfectly known in this country; while At the time I entered the room, a middle-aged many of the impelling causes, the motives, fine-looking woman was presenting herself to the the secret springs which have set all this General; as he leaned forward to embrace her, she fell at his feet, clasped his knees, and looking up, vast machinery in operation, are still more exclaimed, that she had three sons at his service, entirely concealed from our view. There who, she hoped, would now become useful memis much valuable information relative to bers of society, instead of being slaves as heretothese subjects in the work before us. Capt. fore. San Martin, with much discretion, did not Hall was in Lima during the most import-attempt to raise the lady from the ground, but allowed her to make her appeal in the situation she ant events of the Peruvian revolution, and had chosen, and which, of course, she considered became personally acquainted with Gene- the best suited to give force to her eloquence; but ral San Martin, the commander of the Lib- he stooped low to hear all she said, and when her erating Army of Peru. We will give his first burst was over, gently raised her; upon which description of this distinguished personage; her speech while hanging on his breast. His reply she threw her arms around his neck, and concluded as he appeared at the first interview; and was made with suitable earnestness, and the poor afterwards after he had accepted the invi- woman's heart seemed ready to burst with gratitation of the citizens of Lima, and entered tude for his attention and affability. their city. I had an interview this day with General San Martin on board a little schooner, a yacht of his own, anchored in Callao Roads for the convenience of communicating with the deputies, who, during the armistice, had held their sittings on board a ship in the anchorage. He was next assailed by five ladies, all of whom wished to clasp his knees at once; but as this could not be managed, two of them fastened themselves round his neck, and all five clamoured so loudly to gain his attention, and weighed so heavily upon him, that he had some difficulty in supporting himself. He soon satisfied each of them with a kind word or two, and then seeing a little girl of ten or twelve years of age belonging to this party, but who had been afraid to come forward before, he lifted up the astonished child, and kissing her cheek, set her down again in such ecstacy, that the poor thing scarcely knew where she was. fashion I made way for a beautiful young woman, who, by great efforts had got through the crowd. She threw herself into the General's arms, and lay there full half a minute, without being able to utter more than Oh mi General! mi General! She then tried to disengage herself, but San Martin, who had been struck with her enthusiasm and holding his head a little on one side, said, with a beauty, drew her gently and respectfully back, and smile, that he must be permitted to show his grateful sense of such good will by one affectionate salute. This completely bewildered the blushing beauty, who, turning round, sought support in the arms of an officer standing near the General, who asked her if she were now content: Contenta!" she cried, Oh Senor !' It is perhaps worthy of remark, that, during all this time there were no tears shed, and that, even in the most theatrical parts, there was nothing carried so far as to look ridiculous. It is clear that the General would gladly have missed such a scene altogether, and had his own plan succeeded he would have avoided it; for he intended to have entered the city at four or five in the morning. His dislike of pomp and show was evinced in a similar manner when he returned to Buenos Ayres, after 1817. having conquered Chili from the Spaniards, in He there managed matters with more success than at Lima; for, although the inhabitants were prepared to give him a public reception, he contrived to enter that capital without being discovered. Various and contradictory opinions appear to be entertained of this distinguished man, even in the countries where he is most known. He certainly has done more than almost any other individual for the cause of South American Independence. He was a conspicuous actor in the revolution of Buenos Ayres; he afterwards crossed the mountains and commanded the Chilian forces in two great battles, in which they defeated the Royalists, and for which they awarded him the title of Twice Liberator; and lastly, he commanded the Chilian expedition which took possession of Lima, and first raised the standard of indedendence in "the silver city of the kings." He refused the office of President of Chili, which was offered him after his first victory at the battle of Chacabuco. He assumed the title of Protector of Peru, after having expelled the Viceroy, and overturned the government, but resigned it as soon as a Peruvian Congress could be assembled-too soon, as the event proved, for the proper security of the great object which he came to accomplish. He refused longer to retain the command of the army, to which he was re-appointed by the new congress; and leaving Peru, where he considered his presence would be improper, after the power which he had so recently exercised, he retired to private life. For this last step, taken at such a crisis, he has been much censured; but in his parting adOld men, and old women, and young women, crowded fast upon him; to every one he had some dress, he declared his willingness to return, thing kind and appropriate to say, always going if the circumstances of the country should beyond the expectation of each person he address-ever require it, and in the capacity of a ed. During this scene I was near enough to watch him closely, but I could not detect, either in his manner or in his expressions, the least affectation there was nothing assumed, or got up; nothing which seemed to refer to self; I could not even discover the least trace of a self-approving smile. But his manner, at the same time, was the reverse of cold, for he was sufficiently animated, although his satisfaction seemed to be caused solely by the pleasure reflected from others. While I was thus watching him, he happened to recognise me, and drawing me to him, embraced me in the Spanish There was little, at first sight, in his appearance to engage the attention, but when he rose up and began to speak, his superiority was apparent. He received us in very homely style, on the deck of his vessel, dressed in a loose surtout coat, and a large fur cap, and seated at a table made of a few His manner was quite different to the next person loose planks laid along the top of some empty who came forward; a tall, raw-boned, pale-faced casks. He is a tall, erect, well-proportioned, hand-friar, a young man, with deep-set, dark-blue eyes, some man, with a large aquiline nose, thick black and a cloud of care and disappointment wandering hair, and immense bushy dark whiskers, extending across his features. San Martin assumed a look of from ear to ear under the chin; his complexion is serious earnestness while he listened to the speech deep olive, and his eye, which is large, prominent, of the monk, who applauded him for the peaceful and piercing, is jet black; his whole appearance and Christian-like manner of his entrance into this being highly military. He is thoroughly well-bred, great city, conduct which, he trusted, was only a and unaffectedly simple in his manners, exceed- forerunner of the gentle character of his future ingly cordial and engaging, and possessed evidently government. The General's answer was in a simof great kindliness of disposition; in short, I have ilar strain, only pitched a few notes higher, and it never seen any person, the enchantment of whose was curious to observe how the formal cold manaddress was more irresistible. In conversation he ner of the priest became animated under the influwent at once to the strong points of the topic, dis-ence of San Martin's eloquence; for at last, losing daining, as it were, to trifle with its minor parts; all recollection of his sedate character, the young he listened earnestly, and replied with distinctness man clapped his hands and shouted, Viva! viva! and fairness, showing wonderful resources in argu- nuestra General!'-Nay, nay,' said the other, do ment, and a most happy fertility of illustration, the not say so, but join with me in calling, Viva la effect of which was, to make his audience feel they Independencia del Peru!' were understood in the sense they wished. Yet The Cabildo, or town-council, hastily drawn tothere was nothing showy or ingenious in his dis-gether, next entered, and as many of them were nacourse, and he certainly seemed, at all times, per- tives of the place, and liberal men, they had enough fectly in earnest, and deeply possessed with his to do to conceal their emotion, and to maintain the subject. At times his animation rose to a high proper degree of stateliness, belonging to so grave pitch, when the flash of his eye, and the whole a body, when they came, for the first time, into the turn of his expression, became so exceedingly en- presence of their liberator. ergetic as to rivet the attention of his audience beyond the possibility of evading his arguments. This was most remarkable when the topic was politics, on which subject I consider myself fortunate in having heard him express himself frequently. But his quiet manner was not less striking, and indicative of a mind of no ordinary stamp; and he could even be playful and familiar, were such the tone of the moment; and whatever effect the subsequent possession of great political power may have had on his mind, I feel confident that his natural disposition is kind and benevolent. * * * Instead of going straight to the palace, San Martin called at the Marquis of Montemire's on his way, and the circumstance of his arrival becoming known in a moment, the house, the court, and the private citizen, render them all the assistance in his power. And if, as he had throughout his public career professed, his happiness was placed in the retirement of private life, and had been sacrificed for the general good when he came forth to take a conspicuous part in the scenes of the revolution, we cannot blame him in our hearts, for withdrawing from them as soon as he conceived the public exigencies would per |