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CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co. have THE Publishers of this Gazette furnish, on liberal terms, every book and every periodical work of any value which America affords. They have regular correspondents, and make up orders on the tenth of every month for England and France, and frequently for Germany and Italy, and import from thence to order, books, in quantities or single copies, for a moderate commis sion. Their orders are served by gentle men well qualified to select the best editions, and are purchased at the lowest cash prices. All new publications in any way noticed in this Gazette, they have for sale, or can procure on quite as good terms as those of their respective publishers. CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co CAMBRIDGE: BY HILLIARD AND METCALF. THE UNITED STATES LITERARY GAZETTE. Published on the first and fifteenth day of every month, by Cummings, Hilliard, & Co. No. 1 Cornhill, Boston.-Terms, $5 per annum, payable in July. REVIEWS. No. 10. That govern Measures for encouraging the emigration | ceive them with open arms. of the free people of colour among us, to ment has done still more. It is willing with some place beyond the territory of the parental kindness to meet them afar off. United States, had been for some time in In March last, a citizen of New York, an contemplation; they were discussed on va- active member of the Colonization Society, rious occasions, and the views of different desirous to obtain more accurate and defiindividuals on the subject compared togeth-nite information of the conditions on which er, till the project became so far matured emigrants from this country would be reas to cause the establishment of the Amer-ceived in that island, addressed a letter diican Colonization Society. This Society rectly to the President of Hayti, and rewas first organized at the city of Washing-quested his answer to several queries thereton, in the year 1816. Its attention was in proposed. From the President's reply, early turned to the settlement of a colony dated 30th of April, we make the followon the coast of Africa; and though there ing extracts. were many at that time who thought that The government will give fertile lands to those the neighbouring island of Hayti offered who wish to cultivate them, will advance to them stronger inducements to emigration than nourishment, tools, and other things of indispensaany place which might be found on the Af-ble necessity, until they shall be sufficiently established to do without this assistance. rican coast, it seems that the Society inThe quantity of ground shall be as much as each clined to the opposite opinion; and they family can cultivate. There is no price to stiphave been for several years endeavouringulate for, as respects the land; since the governto establish a settlement in Africa. Unto- ment will give it gratis, in fee simple, to those who ward circumstances have prevented them will cultivate it. The emigrants will be distributed in the most advantageous manner possible, and from making much progress in this under- those who may desire it, shall be placed in the taking, up to the present time; but we neighbourhood of each other. mean not to speak unfavourably of these colonies; on the contrary, we wish them all possible success. It is our desire only to open new places of refuge for this unfortunate people; and we have not the slightest feeling of hostility toward those already provided. We rejoice to find by the late re- climate is so mild, and whose government is I have often asked myself, why Hayti, whose ports of that Society, that their prospects analogous to that of the United States, was not are brightening; that the new colony at preferred as their place of refuge. Fearing that Mesurado has been established under much my sentiments would be misinterpreted, if I made more favourable auspices than the former the first overture, I contented myself with having one a Sherbro'; and we hope the day is not explained to those of them who came to Hayti, all the guarantees and rights that the constitution of the far distant that shall behold there a flourish-Republic has established in their favour. I have aided in freeing those from debt who could not quite pay for their passage; I have given land to those who wish to cultivate it; and by my circular copy, you will convince yourself that I have preto the officers of districts, of which I send you a pared for the children of Africa, coming out of the United States, all that can assure them of an honourable existence in becoming citizens of the Haytien Republic. Correspondence relative to the Emigration A further extract from the letter, will show, in the President's own language, the reason why he did not come forward at an earlier period with the overtures he has now made. But he has done more than we have yet stated. He has appointed one of the most distinguished citizens of Hayti to visit this country as his agent, for the promotion of this object. This agent, Citizen Granville, is now in our country; and the instructions given him, which have also been published, are in conformity with the extracts from President Boyer's letter already quoted. In one article of these instructions he stipulates further, that he will pay the expenses of their passage, and maintenance during the voyage, and will furnish the means of subsistence for four months after their arrival, to those who shall come out as cultivators of the lands. These lands, we were soon so far surmounted as to make 146 vated, but now lie neglected. And to put liberty is secured to them,* and this, com- its expansion is come. But we hasten to beyond all question the sincerity of the pared with the situation of their brethren view the subject in another light. President's intention in this matter, he has in servitude, is an inestimable blessing; Let us return to Hayti, and contrast the sent to another philanthropic citizen of their lives and property are protected by present state of her people with their situNew York, whose exertions on behalf of the government, and they can drag on a ation twenty years ago, when they first this oppressed race have been known and mere animal existence without molestation; erected the standard of independence. It appreciated, it seems, beyond the limits of but what have they more? The privi- is worthy of our attention, that this was not his own country, fifty thousand weight of leges of citizenship are not extended to merely a dissolution of their political concoffee, the proceeds of which are to be held them; with the exception of that of our nexion with a foreign people, on whose govsubject to the disposal of Citizen Granville, own Commonwealth, and possibly of one or ernment they were dependant, but in whose for the purpose of aiding such part of our two more, the constitutions of the several improvements in science, in literature, and coloured population residing in the interior, states carefully restrict the privilege of an in the useful arts they had liberally paras may be disposed to embrace the condi- elector to the free white man; and in this ticipated. Far different from this was the tions of emigration now offered to them, Commonwealth, though some of them are situation of the Haytiens; they were now and who may not possess the requisite electors, he would be considered a madman for the first time bursting the chains of means for conveying them to a suitable who should think of placing one of their personal bondage, and emerging from a place for embarkation. The necessary in- names on the list of those who may be state of ignorance and abject servitude, to structions have also been given to the com- elected. No man of colour among us, let which some of the West India islands at manders of the different departments of his attainments be what they may, can the present time may furnish a parallel, but Hayti, for ensuring a suitable reception to have the most distant prospect of becoming no superior. And since that time, what the emigrants who may arrive, and for car- a judge or a lawgiver; even a seat on the have they done? They have secured rying all the stipulated conditions into full bench of jurors is denied him; for when that independence; they have expelled effect. Thus is the public attention at the brought to this test, the law does not recog- every hostile foot from their soil; they present time awakened in both countries nise, nor does the white man admit the have reconciled the divisions which had to this subject; and the time seems now to man of colour as his peer. And this feeling sprung up among themselves; they are now be fully come, when those who are disposed is extended into almost every situation in peaceably united under a constitutional to cooperate in these measures, have good which you can place him; very few are the government, and exhibit every appearance reason to believe that their labours will not exceptions where the intercourse between of being a contented, prosperous, and happy be exerted in vain. The American Colo- the two classes extends further than the people. Schools of different grades are esnization Society, believing that all their re- transactions of business absolutely require; tablished; the useful arts meet with liberal sources would be required for the support the white man learns in his infancy to look encouragement, and are flourishing among of their establishment on the coast of Afri- upon his brother of a different skin as one of them, and their ports are opened for comca, have declined acting on the propositions a race with whom he is not to commingle; mercial intercourse with friendly nations. of the Haytien government; but a Society that brother is conscious that the mark is They have a liberal and intelligent chief for this purpose has been already organized, set upon him; and so deeply rooted is this magistrate, and all the departments of their and is now in active operation in the city prejudice, if prejudice it be, that when he government appear to be well administered. of New York. A meeting of the people looks forward to his children, or to his chil- We may now ask, what people of the earth of colour has also been held in that city, dren's children, he sees no fairer prospect ever emerged from a state of ignorance, in which the propositions of President Boy- to animate him; for ages to come, they and a servitude so galling as theirs, and in er were highly approved, and measures must remain among us like a Hindoo caste, the short space of twenty years made greatwere taken for the formation of an Auxilia-separated and distinct from the rest of the er progress in civilization and improvement, ry Society on their part. Citizen Granville people. From the strength of our habits, than this people has done? And here we too, is actively employed in promoting the and the structure of our institutions, it canare willing to rest the question, whether, object of his mission, and with the aid and not be otherwise, and we do not know that in almost every situation in which we have encouragement of influential and benevo- we should wish to alter it if we could. But beheld them hitherto, nature or circumlent citizens in all parts of the United we would ask, when so many of the strong-stance has made them a race inferior to States, much might now be done to improve est inducements which are offered to our ours. If the present kings, and princes, and the present condition and brighten the fu- white population for the cultivation of the rulers of the earth, were to pass in review ture prospects of this portion of suffering talents which God has given them, are before us, and no other precedence were and, in too many instances, degraded hu- withheld from these people, if there is not to be assigned to any one, than that to manity. a sufficient cause assigned for their intel- which his intelligence would entitle him, lectual and moral degradation, without how few of the mighty ones of the earth seeking for another in the constitution of would stand before the President of Hayti! their nature, that admits no remedy? And this we ask with renewed confidence, when we remember how many of our colour there are, who, with all the advantages which we have enumerated, and many more, suffer themselves to sink as low in the scale of being as any of their less favoured brethren. We might strengthen our argument with the observation which has frequently been made, that the children of this people in their infancy often give indications of a bright intellect which too generally disappoint us before they arrive at maturity. The bud of promise is nipt by the untimely frost and chilling dews to which it is exposed before the time of But there may be some among us, who think we are too sanguine, and estimate too highly the benefit which will be likely to result from the removal of our coloured population to the island of Hayti; some, who, while they acknowledge the degraded situation into which the great body of this class amongst us has fallen, are willing to attribute this inferiority to a natural or constitutional defect in their organization, rather than to that which we consider as the true cause. We entreat these, before they censure our zeal on this subject as misjudged, carefully and seriously to reflect on the situation of the free people of colour in this land, and determine for themselves whether there is not sufficient cause for all the inferiority which is chargeable on this people, without supposing them destined by nature to occupy a lower rank in the scale of creation. Their personal own The attention of some of the conductors of our public journals has been turned within a short time past to this subject of emigration to Hayti, and the fertility of her soil has been made the theme of their panegyric. We do not question the correctness of this as a fact, but we do not wish to attach to it an undue importance, while there are so many better and stronger motives to be urged in favour of this measure. We believe it will be found to hold good as a general rule, that wherever nature has been so lavish of her bounties as to seem to relieve some favoured portion of the human race from the primeval doom pronounced upon Adam and his posterity, that "in the sweat of their face they should eat pursued to the extent it has been in some of the them, by fire or earthquake, pestilence or *If the business of man-stealing continue to be their bread," the balance is restored to states, this can hardly be admitted without qualifi-flood, to its full measure; and that every cation. proach them with being born to an inferior | ican geography. They give us, at most, of But the emigrants alone will not reap the fruit naturally hold with the country they have left. ments so recent, and could not follow the And we trust our government will not so far forget what is due to its own citi-gigantic march of our geographical discoveries and changes. zens, as to let the present opportunity pass unimproved. soil not absolutely sterile, and every cli- New General Atlas, comprising a com- still making, in this branch of their art. All the European atlases we have seen, It is on account of such circumstances as these, that we have had no atlas,-neither European nor American,—which, from the style of its execution and its accuracy, was entitled to the character of a standard work. But we think the Atlas of Mr Finley will come nearer meeting the wants and wishes of the public than any we have seen. It contains sixty maps, twenty-eight of which are appropriated to North America; and we have never before seen so many good maps of the different sections of our country. There are also several good maps of all the most important divisions of the old world. Two charts are annexed to the work, showing, at one view, the heights of the principal mountains and the lengths of the most considerable rivers of the world. The maps are neatly engraved, and approach the best English style, the lines and letters are remarkably clear and distinct, and the whole is beautifully coloured. So far, too, as we are able to judge of this matter, it is perfectly correct. It appears to us, however, that there are some errors of omission. We wish to see South America more particularly delineated. A single map seems to be too scanty a proportion of such a work to be devoted to the representation of a country so extensive, and which is now the theatre of events so interesting. On some of the maps, also, many more places might have been inserted, without any injury to that distinctness which should be carefully preserved. They have now an open and blank appearance, which adds nothing to their beauty. This is particularly the case in |