INTELLIGENCE. IN the "General Gazette" of October, 1821, we find a notice of several American productions. As that journal has for its contributors some of the most eminent German scholars of the age, it cannot but be interesting to the American public to learn how favourably the literary efforts of our countrymen are regarded by them. Worcester, Massachusetts, printed by Manning: Archæologia Americana; Translations and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society. Vol. I. 1820. 436 pages in 8vo. "The conviction that the preservation of the monuments of antiquity and of the researches of learned men respecting them, are worthy objects of a national institution, occasioned the foundation of the American Antiquarian Society. A new impulse has thus been given to the spirit of inquiry. The president of the society, Isaiah Thomas, LL. D. has given it considerable collections, and the learned Dr Bentley increased their collection of books with nine hundred volumes of the works of the best German authors, the most valuable works printed in New England, and rare and valuable Persian, Arabic, and other manuscripts; individual members are constantly sending books and curiosities. Institutions commenced under such auspices come to maturity. "This Society, which was first established in Massachusetts in 1812, and of which the origin, act of incorporation, and laws are contained from page 13 to 59 (directly after the preface, table of contents, and the list of the members), offers in this first volume of its transactions a multitude of remarkable materials and well-digested investigations, which have an interest not only for the history of this part of America, but for the history of man. "Of course they are not all equally interesting in this point of view. We select what is most important in the communications of C. Atwater, Esq. and Samuel Mitchell, both unwearied in their re searches." Here follows, in the original review, an abstract of all the communications of the gentlemen just mentioned. Their essays are called interesting and worthy of attention. The researches of Moses Fiske are also commended for their acuteness; and the "excellent map of the river Ohio" is mentioned. The reviewer laments that so few of the Indian songs are made public. A desire is expressed "to announce soon the continuance of these valuable la bours." 4to. 13 sisting of ballets and pieces of other kinds. The different theatrical establishments at which these productions were brought out, are thirteen in number; the smallest number of new pieces appertaining to either of these establishments, was three, and the largest thirty six. The list of authors engaged in preparing these pieces for representation amounts to no less than one every obstacle in the way of scientific exertion, Here follows in the review Mr Pickering's account of the manuscript dictionary of Seb. Râle, which is in the library of the University at Cambridge. No. 2 is spoken of as a work, in which many useful observations on the pronunciation of the several Greek letters have been collected by a scholar who understands the subject. "THE VESPERS OF PALERMO,” A new tragedy with this title, founded upon the well known Sicilian Vespers, has lately been brought out at Covent Garden theatre, but has met with an unfavourable or at best a doubtful reception from the public, and been withdrawn for revision. It is the production of Mrs Hemans, who is already known as the author of some poetry of acknowledged merit. The critics allow to this tragedy great merits of style and sentiment, and great poetical beauty. They in fact seem to attribute, in part at least, its failure on the stage to the too highly elevated strain of poetry and sentiment which is maintained throughout the piece; but which injures its effect as a theatrical exhibition. KENILWORTH. The tragical romance of Kenilworth has been dramatized both in London and Paris. In the English drama the catastrophe is altered, and Varney is made to undergo the 1. Cambridge (in America), by Hilliard & Met- fate which in the original befals Amy Robcalf: An Essay on a Uniform Orthography for sart. What new disposition of the charthe Indian Languages of North America; by acters is made in adapting it to the ParisJohn Pickering, A. A. S. 1820. 42 pages in ian stage, we do not know; it may be pre2. At the same place: An Essay on the Pronun-sumed however that there is some imciation of the Greek Language; by John Pick-portant change in the personages or inciering. 1818. 70 pages in 4to. dents, since the title under which it is "It is very pleasing to observe the literary acti- announced is-Leicester or the Castle of vity which is now awakening in the free states of Kenilworth, A Comic Opera, in three acts! North America. The increasing culture of the soil and improvement of its productions employ not only many hands but also many minds. When their civil prosperity shall have long been established, many will be devoted to the pursuits of found science. But even now there are on all sides symptoms of such a tendency in that happy country. On all sides societies are formed to adMince the sciences (No. 1 and 2 belong to the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences). It has been said, that scientific culture will emigrate from Europe to America; that must not be. We desire rather to remove still more pro FRENCH DRAMA. It appears from some of the French Journals, that in the course of the year 1823, the Parisian Theatres have exhibited not less than 217 new pieces. Of these, eight were tragedies, twenty-two comedies, one hundred and twenty-two vaudevilles, nineteen melodrames, fourteen comic operas, and four grand operas; the remainder con NEW THEATRICAL SPECTACLE. The Christmas pantomime at Covent Garden theatre for the present season is entitled the "House that Jack built," and is founded upon the old nursery tale of the same name. In the course of the exhibition one of the personages is represented as making an aerial voyage in a balloon from London to Paris, and during the excursion, the audience as well as the traveller are gratified with a view of the country over which the balloon passes, the Thames, the channel, &c. &c.; night comes on, and the balloon, emerging from the clouds, alights in the garden of the Thuilleries. It is said that this spectacle is the most brilliant and splendid in scenery, and the most complete in mechanical execution of any which has been presented at either of the theatres. MUSICAL PHENOMENON. A young Hungarian, named Leist, only eleven years of age, is astonishing the musical world at Paris, by his wonderful per formances. He is remarkable both for great rapidity of fingering on the piano forte, and for a union with it of great delicacy and firmness of touch, whilst at the same time he exhibits a beauty of expression which is equalled by few performers. He also composes in the style of the greatest masters with the most wonderful facility. Since the time of Mozart, who at eight years of age astonished several of the European courts by his performances, nothing has appeared so surprising as the exhibition of the talents of the young Leist. CONDENSATION OF GASES INTO LIQUIDS. Mr Faraday, Chemical Assistant at the Royal Institution in Great Britain, has lately performed some very important and interesting experiments on the condensation of the gases into liquids. In these experiments he has been favoured with the countenance and advice of Sir Humphrey Davy. The method employed by Mr Faraday was to generate the gases under powerful pressure, and at the same time favour their condensation by the application of cold. The materials for producing the gas were placed in one of the legs of a bent glass tube, which was then sealed at both ends. Heat, if necessary, was applied to the end containing the materials, while the other was placed in a freezing mixture. As the gas forms, it is gradually deposited in a liquid state in the cold end of the tube. In this way the properties of chlorine, muriatic acid, sulphureous acid, sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonic acid, euchlorine, nitrous oxide, cyanogen, and ammonia, in a liquid state, have been ascertained, with a greater or less degree of precision. The following is a view of the results at which Mr Faraday has arrived with regard to the colour, consistency, and specific gravity of these several gases, and of the degree of pressure and temperature which is necessary to reduce them to a liquid state. There is considerable risk from explosions in conducting these experiments, particularly on those gases which require a great number of atmospheres to reduce them to the liquid state, such as carbonic acid and nitrous oxide. TEMPERATURE OF THE CARIBEAN SEA AT THE DEPTH OF 6000 FEET. an iron The temperature at this depth in lat. 20 N. long. 834 W. was ascertained by Capt. Sabine in the following manner; cylinder of 75 lbs. weight was let down at the end of the line used in the experiment, containing a self-registering thermometer, and so arranged as to exclude the entrance. of the water. Another iron cylinder of less weight and strength was attached two fathoms above it on the line, also containing a thermometer, and permitting the After being down ingress of the water. fifty three minutes the line was hauled in, and the apparatus came up in good order. The thermometer to which the water had free access stood at 45°.5; the other, from which it had been intended to exclude it, although the attempt did not fully succeed, at 49°.5. The water at the surface was from 82.5 to 83°.2, at the time of the experiment. COPPERING OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS. Sir H. Davy has lately read a paper to the Royal Society, on the cause of the corrosion and decay of copper used for covering the bottoms of ships. This he has ascertained to be a weak chemical action constantly exerted between the saline contents of sea water and the copper, and which, whatever may be the nature of the copper, sooner or later destroys it. The remedy he has found in the application of those electrical powers and relations of bodies which have been found to exert so extensive an influence upon chemical phenomena. He finds that a very small surface of tin or other oxidable metal in contact any where with a large surface of copper renders it so negatively electrical that the sea water has no action upon it; and even a little mass of tin brought into communication with a large plate of copper by a wire, entirely preserves the copper. Sir H. Davy is now putting this discovery into actual practice on some of the British ships of war. Cummings, Hilliard & Co. and Oliver Everett, propose to publish by subscription a new work, to be called "The American Annual Register of History and Politics." It will be printed annually (or, should the nature of the work be found to require it, semi-annually), and will contain 900 large pages, 8vo. The price will be $5,00 a year. The general plan will accord with the following arrangement; which, however, will receive such modifications as may be found expedient. None of the liquids thus obtained beI. came solid at any temperature to which they were subjected. PART I. General History. History of the United States of America for the year, containing 1o. An account of all events of national importance, especially of the doings of congress. Under this head, the most important speeches will be given as reported in the National Intelligencer. 2o. An account of all events of importance, in the several states, not already related under the former head. II. History of the several independent states of America south of the United States, for the year, viz. Mexico, Colombia, Buenos Ayres, Chili, and Peru: Brazil. III. History of the several states of Europe for the Notices of important and curious events, not APPENDIX TO THE CHRONICLE. Remarkable trials and law cases. Notices of inventions and discoveries. work and its certain utility, if well executThe excellence of the design of this ed, must be obvious. It will be edited by Prof. Everett, and the mention of this gentleman's name renders all comment upon its probable character and merits superfluous. Cummings, Hilliard, & Co. Boston, have in press, and will shortly publish, Florula Bostoniensis, a Collection of Plants of Boston and its vicinty, with their places of growth, time of flowering, and occasional remarks. By Jacob Bigelow, M. D. Rumford Professor, and Professor of Materia Medica in Harvard University.-Second edition, greatly enlarged. This edition will contain the plants which the author has collected in different parts of the New England States since the publication of the first edition in 1814. These, together with enlarged descriptions of the plants of the first edition, will constitute about double the quantity of matter originally contained in the work. [Some delay in the appearance of this number of the Gazette has been caused by circumstances beyond our control; we have not, however, availed ourselves of the opportunity to obtain a large subscription list, because we believe it more just and more safe to solicit public patronage, by actual performance, than by promises. We state this by way of apology to those gentlemen who may receive our first number, without having authorized us to send it to them. Every one who receives this number, is requested to return it to us, by mail, with no greater delay than his convenience may require, unless he wishes to become a subscrib By F. W. P. REFLECTIONS on the Politics of An-Navy. cient Greece. Translated from the German of Arnold H. L. Heeren, by George Bancroft. What think ye of Christ? A Sermon preached at Newburyport, Sunday, Oct. 26, 1823. By John Pierpont, Minister of Hollis-street Church, Boston. The Philosophy of Natural History, by William Smellie, Member of the Antiquarian and Royal Societies of Edinburgh.-With an Introduction and various additions and alterations, intended to adapt it to the present state of knowledge. By John Ware, M. D. Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Greek Reader, by Frederic Jacobs, Professor of the Gymnasium at Gotha, and editor of the Anthologia. From the seventh German edition, adapted to the translation of Buttmann's Greek Grammar. A Practical Treatise upon the Authority and Duty of Justices of the Peace in Criminal Prosecutions. By Daniel Davis, Solicitor General of Massachusetts. A General Abridgment and Digest of American Law, with occasional Notes and Comments. By Nathan Dane, LL. D. Counsellor at Law. Volumes I. II. and III. Hints on Extemporaneous Preaching. By Henry Ware, Jr. Minister of the Second Church in Boston. Sketches of the Earth and its Inhabitants; comprising a Description of the Grand Features of Nature; the Principal Mountains, Rivers, Cataracts, and other Interesting Objects and Natural Curiosties; also of the Chief Cities and Remarkable Edifices and Ruins; together with a View of the Manners and Customs of different Nations: Illustrated by One Hundred Engravings. By J. E. Worcester. Good's Study of Medicine and Nosology. [For numerous recommendations of this celebrated and very popular work, see N. E. Medical Journal.] Observations on the Diseases of Females which are attended by Discharges; illustrated by Copper-Plates of the diseases, &c. By Charles Mansfield Clarke, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Surgeon of the Queen's Lying-In Hospital, and Lecturer on Midwifery in London. A NEW and greatly improved edition of Wanostrocht's French Grammar. A new edition of Whelpley's Compend of General History. 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Walker's Pronouncing Dictionary, abridged for the use of Schools; to which is added, Walker's Key to Scripture Proper Names. BY JOSEPH T. BUCKINGHAM, The Pronouncing English Reader, being Murray's Reader, with accents, and the sections divided into paragraphs of convenient length to be read in classes. Elements of Arithmetic, by Question and Answer, designed for the use of the younger classes in public and private schools. By J. Robinson, Jr. BY S. T. ARMSTRONG, THE Holy Bible, containing the Old and observations. By Thomas Scott, D. D. Vol. V BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, THE Moral Condition and Prospects of the Heathen. A Sermon, delivered at the Old The Faith once Delivered to the Saints. the Institutes of the Practice of Physic &c. 2 vols. 8vo. pages 1000. Price $6. Essays on various subjects connected with Midwifery. By W. P. Dewes, M. D. Member of the American Philosophical Society, 1 vol. 8vo. pages 479. Price $3,50. 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A General Abridgment and Digest of American Law, with Occasional Notes and Comments. By Nathan Dane, LL. D. In eight volumes. Vol. IV. Collectanea Græca Majora. Editio quar ta Americana. Female Friendship. A Tale for Sundays. A Treatise on Crimes and Misdemeanors. Collectanea Græca Minora. Sixth Cambridge edition; in which the Latin of the Notes and Vocabulary is translated into English. Publius Virgilius Maro;-Bucolica, Geor-chusetts. gica, et Æneis. With English Notes, for the use of Schools. Lectures on various branches of Natural History. By William Dandridge Peck, A. A. & S. H. S. late Professor of Natural History in Harvard University. An Introduction to the Differential and Integral Calculus, or the Doctrine of Fluxions; designed for an extraordinary class in the University. A Greek and English Lexicon. Pickering's Reports. [Continuation of WORKS IN PRESS. BY RICHARDSON AND LORD, Boston. A NEW edition of a Manual of French BY EDGAR W. DAVIES, GRENVILLE'S Introduction to English BY A. H. MALTBY & CO. A new edition of Say's Political Economy. THE True Masonic Chart, or HieroglyEighth volume of Taunton's Reports. phic Monitor; containing all the Emblems The Seats and Causes of Diseases inves- Fellow Craft, Master Mason, Mark Master, Past explained in the Degrees of Entered Apprentice, tigated by Anatomy; containing a great variety of Master, Most Excellent Master, Royal Arch, Dissections, and accompanied with Remarks. By Royal Master, and Select Master; designed and John Baptist Morgagni, Chief Professor of Anato- duly arranged, agreeably to the Lectures. By R. my, and President of the University at Padua.-W. Jeremy L. Cross, G. L. To which are added Abridged, and elucidated with copious notes, by Illustrations, Charges, Songs, &c. Much enlarged. William Cooke, Member of the Royal College Third edition. 1 vol. 12mo. of Surgeons, London-and one of the Hunterian [This work, which was announced some time since, has been delayed beyond the intention of the publishers by circumstances that could not be anti-Society. cipated; but will now proceed with all the despatch consistent with the nature of such a work; which, being designed for the use of young persons in particular, will demand very great care in the revision and correction of the press.] Sermons, by the late Rev. David Osgood, D. D. Pastor of the Church in Medford. Florula Bostoniensis, a Collection of Plants of Boston and its Vicinity, with their places of growth, times of flowering, and occasional remarks. By Jacob Bigelow, M. D. Rumford Professor, and Professor of Materia Medica in Harvard University. Second edition, greatly enlarged. A Summary of the Law and Practice of Real Actions. By Asahel Stearns, Professor of Law in Harvard University. 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WILLIAMS, The Elementary Reader.-Being a Collection of Original Reading Lessons, for Common Schools, in which are combined useful instruction and just principles with attractive elegance, and purity of style; calculated for children from five to ten years old, and adapted to the faculties of the human mind at that age. To which are prefixed, by way of Introduction, Rules and Observations on the Elementary Principles of Correct Reading. By Samuel Whiting. Adams' Latin Grammar, in an abridged form adapted to schools. By William Russell. 18mo. BY HOWE AND SPAULDING, AN Elementary Treatise on Conic Sec- THE Publishers of this Gazette furnish, on liberal terms, every book and every A RATIONAL Illustration of the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England; periodical work of any value which America being the substance of every thing Liturgical in affords. They have regular correspondents, Bishop Sparrow, Mr L'Estrange, Dr Comber, Dr and make up orders on the tenth of every Nichols, and all other former ritualists, commentators, or others upon the same subject; collected month for England and France, and freand reduced into one continued and regular meth-quently for Germany and Italy, and import od, and interspersed all along with new observations. By Charles Wheatley, A. M. Vicar of from thence to order one or more copies of Brent and Furneaux, in Hertfordshire. Improved any work for a moderate commission; and by Notes drawn from a comparison with Shepherd and other writers of the Liturgy, adapting this edi- they would remark, that their orders are tion to the present state of the Protestant Episco- executed by gentlemen who are well quali HE Child's Assistant in the Art of Read-pal Church in America, without any alteration of fied to select the best editions, and that Published on the first and fifteenth day of every month, by Cummings, Hilliard, & Co. No. 1 Cornhill, Boston.-Terms, $5 per annum, payable in July. VOL. I. REVIEWS. Reflections on the Politics of Ancient Greece, translated from the German of Arnold H. L. Heeren: By George Bancroft. Boston. 1824. 8vo. BOSTON, APRIL 15, 1824. of the Romans in the West. Under a total It has been well remarked by Lessing, in confirmation of the claims of the Scriptures on our attention, that, in addition to every higher consideration, they deserve our notice, as the subject which has most exercised the thoughts of the human mind. More has been thought, spoken, and written upon them, and subjects connected with them, than upon any thing else. A greater comparison and accumulation of human opinion, reasoning, and feeling, have taken place in respect to them, than with regard to any other subject:-nor is there any one point on which man can be compared with man, in different periods and regions, which would furnish so good a relative estimate of his character and progress. What has been thus justly remarked by the German critic While these circumstances prove the on the subject of the Scriptures, is true, great importance of ancient Greece, in its perhaps, in the next degree of ancient connexion with human improvement, they Greece, in the full comprehenson of that create proportionate difficulty in forming term. Ancient Greece, its history, institu- impartial opinions, on most of the leading tions, literature, and arts, may be regarded points, brought into question in the study in the literary world, in much the same of its history, institutions, and literature. light of pre-eminence, in which the religion It is the inevitable effect of the long conof the Scriptures stands in the moral world. On Greece, and the subjects attached by association to it, the time, attention, and thoughts of the cultivated classes of man, from the Romans downward, have been more employed than on any other, with the exception already made. The Romans of education formed an early acquaintance with Greek learning. Their rhetoricians and philosophical instructers were Greeks; all the terms of art employed, even in the study of Latin eloquence, were Greek; and Athens was the holy land of intellectual pilgrimage. The perusal of Cicero's epistles alone is sufficient to prove, that the Greek language was to the well-educated Romans more a second and dignified vernacular tongue, than a foreign language. Many Romans wrote Greek works: Cicero himself did it, and his friend Atticus also; and had the Greek History of the Etruscans, by the Emperor Claudius, survived to the present day, it would probably have given that monarch a celebrity, which he has not acquired from the Roman purple. In the middle ages, the Greek mathematicians, physicians, and philosophers were almost the sole masters of the human intel-ing else Grecian. lect. The Greek learning maintained its From these considerations, which would ascendency over the human mind, through seem to show the vanity of study bestowed the medium of the Arabic language in the on such subjects, we deduce, on the other East; as it had done before, through that hand, the importance of studying them with No. 2. new care and pains. For these subjects tinued attention bestowed from age to age dent. That we call politics. The politics of ancient Greece, forsooth! Tell us, if you please, of the politics of Great Britain, of South America, of the Holy Alliance; nay, if needs must, of modern Greece: but ancient Greece,-Priam and Achilles, Leonidas and Xerxes,-who will deliver us from them!" Such observations, which we can easily conceive to be made, are the remarks of men |