The United States Literary Gazette

journal undertook to vilify America. Next, out of
hatred to the radical emigrants, who flocked hither,
and some of whom made favorable report of the
land, they set themselves still more sternly to de-
fame it. The habit thus formed has gained strength
by indulgence till it now amounts, as is seen in
this review of Faux, to perfect insanity. Its sup-
posed writer is an aged man bowed with years
and with infirmities, and very shortly must appear
at a higher tribunal than that even of an indignant
nation, to give an account of the use he has made
We despise
of the talents put into his hands.
cant on all occasions; but we protest that we think
more solemnly than he appears to do of literary
responsibility. Wantonly to defame an individual,
or stimulate neighbors to a quarrel, would be thought
a crime of no ordinary baseness: what is it for one,
who controls a press at the very centre of intellec-
tual circulation-who utters his voice, and is heard
as rapidly as wheels can roll or winds blow, on
the Ganges, the Neva, the La Plate, and the Mis
souri,-to defame, not individuals, but countries;
and to exasperate into wrath and bitterness, not an
individual, but a mighty empire, an empire peo-
pled from his own native land, and in the language
of a writer in this very number of the Quarterly
Review, which, of all that history records, has
employed the shortest time to rise to the greatest
power and freedom.'

there be.

The article in the North American Review, must be regarded only as an open and manly avowal of a determination in the Editor of that work, to meet at once, and resist by all means which are both efficient and honourable, not only the Quarterly Review, but such other periodicals as may be disposed to follow its example, if any such This is precisely the course which the North American Review ought at this moment to take. This work is, beyond all question, at the head of the periodical literature in this country; whatever good may be derived from this supremacy, belongs of right to the work, but the Editor must remember that the responsibilities which attach to it, lie upon him. Among these responsibilities, who can regret that he includes that of protecting our national reputation? In this article, he may be considered as joining battle with one man; but this man, from his vast official influence, is a host, for he governs a host. Gifford's rancorous and inveterate hatred of this country, is as well known as his authority over the Quarterly Review, or the powerful and extended influence which that journal exerts. It is well that he is met, front to front, by the North American, and if common fame tells truth, we may be glad that its Editor is aided in this good work, by one abundantly able to make the better and the stronger side appear so.

North American.

REVIEW OF THE COURSE OF STUDY REQUIR

ED FOR ADMISSION TO OUR COLLEGES.

sense of the jeopardy in which he will stand,
if his plan of warfare upon us be not ut-
THIS new world is usually regarded as
terly changed. Moreover, if his inveteracy
of hatred be too obstinate or too violent to the land of experiment and innovation.
be subdued or repressed, others, who will There is foundation for this remark, as to
have the power in their hands, may be in- political institutions and many of the use-
duced to compel him to decency.
ful arts of life. Our country, however, has
Let it not be thought that we rate too furnished one instance of adherence to the
highly, the influence or importance of the good old way, in which we can be blamed
That journal has, be- for want neither of closeness nor pertina-
cause it merits, a high reputation; its cir- city. I refer to our courses of study, both
culation is limited, in comparison with that elementary and more advanced. Most of
of the London Quarterly, but it is by no our colleges have from time immemorial
means small; and sentiments like those required for admission, an examination in
which it has now advanced, especially if Virgil's Works, Cicero's Orations, and in
they provoke new abuse, and be followed up the Greek Testament. Some, of late
by continued and resolute defence, will go years, have added Sallust and Collectanea
the round of our newspapers, and visit eve- Minora. Now, sir, the question arises, Will
ry corner of the land. They will go, too, this course admit of no reform? Is the old
across the ocean. There will be nothing way, without dispute the best way? Were
libellous in them to prevent their republica- I not in a land of free institutions, and of
tion, and the respectable journals of Eng- bold and unrestrained habits of thinking,
land, who have already rebuked Gifford for some apology perhaps might be necessary
his disgusting intemperance of calumny, will for attempting to disturb long established
be glad to use the weapons we provide for prejudices. As it is, I shall make no apolo-
them, and to tell of the defence we make. gy. Your readers are assured, that the
No doubt, he and his will think it most un- opinions are the opinions of one, who is
mannerly and vulgar in us, to be angry and deeply convinced of the importance of the
resist; but there are others near him, early impressions, and of the early habits,
whose purposes will be as much advanced intellectual and moral, of the young; and
by the exposure of his falsehoods, as his who, in reference to the long contests wag-
would be by their establishment, and they ed in our schools with Latin and Greek,
will be glad to aid in their exposure. No can look back, and, both as an instructer
doubt, too, his opinions touching our rude and pupil, say, Quorum pars magna fui.
treatment of him, will be adopted by some
among us. In this connexion, we must take
the liberty of citing one more passage from
the article in the North American Review.
And one word, before we proceed, to a certain
class of our own countrymen. When the outrage-
ous abuse of this country, originating in the rene-
gades and speculators, who infest us, has been
espoused and reasserted by the first literary journals
in England, by leading statesmen, and in the houses
of parliament; and when an American author
or an American journalist, with blood somewhat
stirred, yields to the impulse, not so much of patri-
otism as of human nature, and replies to the charge,
there are some few persons among us, who cry out,
'a truce to this literary warfare,' enough of this
angry contention,' and the like. Now we have in-
variably found that these persons, some of whom
speak with a very dignified aspect, and carry a
world of magnanimity in their tone, are annoyed
only by the American rejoinder. Not one of them
cries 'a truce, when the poisoned dart is thrown;
but they are all wondrous pacific, when it is to be
met and warded off. These people are impatient,
not when the American character is attacked, but
when it is defended; and when the chafed lion
roars and menaces his hunters, they protest it is a
testy beast always picking a quarrel. No one will
think we make these remarks at random. We know
the times, the occasions, and the men; and we
practise an undeserved forbearance, in not calling
them more distinctly into recollection.

We cannot but think this article will be
useful. It must convince Mr Gifford that
he is not to pursue his reckless course of
calumny with impunity. It must also teach
him that the resistance he will meet, will We regret that the writer of this article
be such as he cannot despise nor pretend to did not enlarge upon this subject; it would
despise. He will learn, not only from its be an easy and a useful work for him, to
tone of eloquent indignation, what feel- show so distinctly the obligation which now
ings his boundless abuse excites here, and lies upon all American writers, to defend
from its thorough exposition of his false- the reputation of their country from such
hoods, what measures of forbearance he attacks as those of the Quarterly Review,
may expect; but from the full and forcible that none should hereafter deny or doubt
array of facts, which the writer quotes, and it. We trust that this duty will be felt and
shows himself prepared to quote, from stand-discharged; but the subject is too extensive
ard English works, he may be brought to a for us to enter upon at present.

Perhaps the propriety of commencing with Latin in preference to Greek, might well be questioned. This plan is confessedly against the order of derivation of the two languages, and the reason, which formerly led to its adoption, has now in a great measure ceased to exist. I refer to the use of the Latin language as the common medium of communication among literary men. Besides, there is in the formation of a large proportion of the words in Greek, a regularity and simplicity, and, so to speak, reasonableness, which must wonderfully assist the youthful memory in its acquisition. Neither, it is thought, is the construction of its sentences so difficult and involved as in Latin. I might also mention the increased interest, which is excited in the Greek language from the present state of modern Greece; but as in the introduction of my remarks I intimated, that I should give you the fruit of experience, I shall say nothing further of a plan, that I have never seen executed.

On the subject of grammars, I shall say but little. Buttmann's Grammar is considered a valuable addition to the Greek grammars before in use. The view given of the formation of the Greek verb is philosophical and satisfactory, and the syntax more clear and full, than the systems found in our other Grammars. It is suggested, however, that a Latin or Greek Grammar, constructed on the plan of Wanostrocht's French Grammar, would be an improvement on those now in use.

It is allowed by instructers, that the best method, which can be adopted for the acquisition of the Grammar of a language, is

to direct the attention to the application of its principles and rules, as they are exemplified in the text book. With this object in view, it has been thought desirable to confine the attention to particular parts of Grammar in succession, during several weeks or days. A text book, therefore, constructed with a view to aid this plan, has been a desideratum. I am happy to state, that in Greek this desideratum has been furnished by the publication of Jacobs' Greek Reader. Of this excellent elementary work, I shall take occasion to remark hereafter.

Let me here, Mr Editor, remark briefly on the pronunciation of the Latin and Greek Languages. It is generally allowed, that our scholars are deficient in this particular, and very much so, compared with the scholars of Europe. And what is worse, many feel and say, that it is a subject of but little consequence. Here, it is believed, is the difficulty. Now to such persons I would repeat the old maxim, That which is worth doing, is worth doing well. I would remind them, that the habit of accuracy of careful and minute attention, is an advantage to be aimed at in the study of the dead languages; and that this habit may be much strengthened by observing the rules of pronunciation. Further, we sometimes wish to give authority to a sentiment, or point to an expression, by the quotation of a Latin or Greek sentence or phrase. How awkward to be ignorant of its correct pronunciation. Perhaps it may be said, that these advantages will not compensate for the labour which must be undergone. I answer, that according to the standard, which most of our Literary Institutions profess to follow, the task is by no means difficult. Auxiliary to this subject, I would here suggest an improvement in the mode of printing elementary books in Latin and Greek. It is known by those who have attended to this subject, that the correct pronunciation of a Latin or Greek word, depends principally upon a knowledge of the quantity of the penult. If long, it bears the accent; if short, the antepenult is accented. In all cases, therefore, in which the rules of prosody do not determine the length of the penult, let the usual long or short mark be placed over the syllable. Thus our scholars before reading the poets, might with little difficulty acquire habits of correct pronunciation.

I remember well, Mr. Editor, that when a boy, I went from the study of Biglow's Latin Primer to the reading of Virgil's Bucolics, and that, with hard study and much help, I learnt ten lines for my first exercise. As to beauties of thought or expression, Virgil was in my view on a level with the Primer. In some of our schools, this plan has been improved upon, and several elementary works are read before Virgil is attempted. Still, sir, it is my opinion, that Virgil is read too early in our course of classical study. In learning our children to read their native language, we do not put into their hands the works

of Thomson or Milton upon their learning with the translation 4. The associations, the primer or spelling book. A boy has unfavourable in a religious view, connectmuch to learn, even of his native tongue, ed with its being used as a school book. before he can read the works of a poet 5. It may be read at a later period with with pleasure or advantage. It is true, more advantage, when a knowledge of the that with the help of an ordo and notes language will enable the scholar to judge and a clavis and occasional assistance, a as to the accuracy of the translation in scholar may work his way through Virgil, common use. On this subject, I shall not and at the end, may find, that his knowl- enlarge. edge of the Latin language has increased. But some other book would have answered this purpose better, and sure the Mantuan Bard should yield other fruit than this. Besides, I have often heard the remark made, that the impressions and associations, which are made by the reading of Virgil in the manner which I have described, are such as to produce an indifference to his works ever after. It is as if the labour and fatigue, attendant on the attempts of the young artist to give form and proportion to the rough material, should become associated with the symmetry and beauty, which are found in the finished productions of his art. As to the Bucolics, commentators cannot agree respecting the meaning or design of many of them. The Georgics are allowed to be difficult in construction; and the Æneid, so far as art is concerned, is considered the most highly wrought epic poem in existence. And is it in the study of these productions, that the scholar is to learn the rudiments of the Latin Language?

The necessity of remark upon the re maining Greek book, Collectanea Minora, is superseded by what has already been said on this subject in your review of Jacobs' Greek Reader. I have always considered the poetical parts of Minora, as injudiciously selected, constituting as it does, a part of the preparatory course of study. I agree with you also in the opinion, that the selections in Jacobs' Reader are wisely made-well suited by their arrangement, both to aid the feeble steps of the learner and to allure him to the fields of Grecian literature. Let me here, Mr Editor, express the satisfaction, which is felt in the view of every attempt to render our elementary course of study more thorough and adequate. A feeling of gratitude is also excited towards those, who, instead uf regaling themselves with the fruits of learning, are willing to labour for the benefit of others. This remark is equally true, whether our literary husbandmen be employed in rearing plants of native origin, or whether, selecting those of other lands, which are congenial to our climate and suited to our wants, they transplant them with due care and attention.

Experienced instructers will, I believe, join with me in deciding also against the use of Cicero's orations, as a part of the preparatory course of study. But lest this article should be too long, I will concisely I will only add, that there is much room and definitely state my objections to this for improvement in our preparatory course, book. 1. The construction of the senten- as to the study of Geography, Book-keepces is too involved and difficult for a learning, &c. But these are subjects of comer. This difficulty seems intimately con- mon remark. nected with the oratorical style of the Latin Language. 2. The minds of the young are not sufficiently matured to understand his reasoning. This arises, partly from the subtilty of the argument itself, and partly from the necessity of having at once in the mind a comprehensive view of the whole subject, which youthful minds find it difficult to acquire. 3. My third objection to its being used as a part of the preparatory course is, that if the study of these orations were deferred to a later period, when the mind could understand and feel the force of the reasoning which they exhibit, it would be of advantage in other respects, than as affording a knowledge of the language.

Sallust is the remaining Latin author. Some difficult expressions are to be found in his works, but I do not object to his holding a place among the authors to be studied preparatory to admission to College.

The objection to the use of the New Testament as a text book in Greek, have been frequently stated. They may be summed up, as follows: 1. The Greek is not pure and classical. 2. In the Epistles particularly, the construction in many passages is difficult. 3. Our familiarity

As objections have been made to several books now in use, before concluding my remarks, I will propose substitutes. Instead of Virgil and Cicero's Orations, I would require Cesar's Commentaries and the five books of Livy now used in our Colleges, making Virgil and Cicero a part of the College course of study. I would omit the study of the Greek Testament and of Minora, and substitute Jacobs' Greek Reader, with the hope, that in a second edition of this work, when the long promised Greek and English Lexicon shall have been given us, the Clavis now found in Jacobs may be removed, and its place filled with more copious extracts from Greek authors. Till then, I would propose the reading of Xenophon's Anabasis or Cyropædia.

Perhaps the course of study here proposed by way of substitute, may not be the best that can be suggested. The object of of this communication will be answered, should the attention of literary men be directed to the subject. I am persuaded, Mr. Editor, that improvements in our Academical institutions, have not advanced with the progress of society in science and literature. B. C.

POETRY.

AN INDIAN AT THE BURYING-PLACE OF HIS

FATHERS.

It is the spot I came to seek,

My fathers' ancient burial-place,

Ere from these vales, ashamed and weak,
Withdrew our wasted race.

It is the spot, I know it well-
Of which our old traditions tell.

For here the upland bank sends out

A ridge toward the river side;

I know the shaggy hills about,

The meadow smooth and wide;

The plains, that, toward the southern sky, Fenced east and west by mountains lie.

A white man, gazing on the scene,

Would say a lovely spot was here, And praise the lawns so fresh and green Between the hills so sheer.

I like it not-I would the plain
Lay in its tall old groves again.

The sheep are on the slopes around,
The cattle in the meadows feed,
And labourers turn the crumbling ground
Or drop the yellow seed,

And prancing steeds, in trappings gay,
Whirl the bright chariot o'er the way.

Methinks it were a nobler sight

To see these vales in woods arrayed, Their summits in the golden light,

Their trunks in grateful shade, And herds of deer, that bounding go O'er rills and prostrate trees below.

And then to mark the lord of all,

The forest hero, trained to wars, Quivered and plumed, and lithe and tall, And seamed with glorious scars, Walk forth, amid his reign, to dare The wolf, and grapple with the bear.

This bank, in which the dead were laid, Was sacred when its soil was ours; Hither the artless Indian maid

Brought wreaths of beads and flowers, And the gray chief and gifted seer Worshipped the God of thunders here.

But now the wheat is green and high On clods that hid the warrior's breast, And scattered in the furrows lie

The weapons of his rest, And there, in the loose sand, is thrown Of his large arm the mouldering bone.

Ah little thought the strong and brave

Who bore their lifeless chieftain forth, Or the young wife, that weeping gave Her first-born to the earth,

That the pale race, who waste us now,
Among their bones should guide the plough.

They waste us-aye-like April snow
In the warm noon, we shrink away;
And fast they follow, as we go
Towards the setting day,-
Till they shall fill the land, and we
Are driven into the western sea.

But I behold a fearful sign,

To which the white men's eyes are blind; Their race may vanish hence, like mine, And leave no trace behind, Save ruins o'er the region spread, And the white stones above the dead.

Before these fields were shorn and tilled, Full to the brim our rivers flowed;

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My face no more; I go away
To other lands-men shall not say,

That the poor Jewess lives a slave!
No, my despised, degraded race
In this fair land can have no place.

Yet though the darkly-rolling wave
Divide us, while we live on earth;
We meet again-my lowly birth,

The scorn which all have freely given As if it were my birth-right here, Are nought-my humble, fervent prayer The God of Israel shall hear;--we meet in Heaven. H.

A TRADITION OF THE LAKE OF COMO.
There shone no star on Como's lake,
No Summer's breeze its surface curled;
But stormy winds across it swept,
And wave on wave with fury hurled.

And loudly dashed the billows white
'Gainst Touro's massy walls of stone;
Yet lo! upon its balcony
At midnight stood a maid alone.

And down upon the roaring waves
She bent her dark Italian eye;
With close knit brow and anxious gaze,
Intent some object to descry.

There bloomed no rose upon her cheek,
Though youth was hers, and beauty too;
One gem gleamed o'er her forehead fair,
'Mid clustering curls half hid from view.

And sadly, when the storm was o'er,
And winds had howled their dying lay,
And midnight's hour had long since struck,
Despairing turned the maid away.

"He comes not! and he will not come!
The storm hath driven his bark aside;
Beloved! on earth we meet no more,
For oh! morn sees me Rodolph's bride!"

She weeps; but lo! a soft sweet note!
One note upon a flute is heard!
Half wild with eager joy she bends
To gaze once more upon the lake.

125

And through the deepened shades of night
Dancing upon the foam, a bark,

And one tall form she dimly sees,

With snowy plume and mantle dark.

"Be swift!"-'tis Carlo's well known voice!
With trembling haste the maiden ties
The knotted cords o'er balustrade,
And "Now I come!" she faintly cries.

Red, brief, and sudden came a flash
That moment from a casement low;
Down sunk the snow-white plume, and on
Drifted the boat, unsteered, and slow.

Full well she knew her sire's true aim,
His stern revenge, his watchful eye;
One shrill, long shriek rang through the air;
Ne'er in his ear that shriek shall die!

Then comes a brief, an awful pause,
And then a deep and sullen plash,
Twice 'gainst the castle's massy walls
With hoarser groan the billows dash.

Is it a whiter wreath of foam,
That on a wave's dark breast I see?
Is it a maiden's snowy robe?
'Tis gone!-'tis gone, whate'er it be!

THE ROSE D'AMOUR.
To *****.

"O not the rose d'Amour for me,'
But let it ever bloom for thee;
For thee its brightest tints unveil,-
For thee unnumbered, sweets exhale.
"Twas nurtured in thy sunny clime,
Where glow the citron and the lime;
Where nymphs have hearts as warm, as true,
And where each swain is faithful too.
Then let me weave the roseate braid,
And with it quick thy temples shade;
"Twill lovelier seem, entwining there,
And blush to find itself less fair.

Pg.

A FAREWELL TO A FAVOURITE SPOT. Ye fair domains which nature loves to kiss, Where my whole soul by magic spells was bound, Wrapped in a short reality of bliss,

While fancy flung her golden dreams around!

Flushed with the flowery pride of Summer sheen, Your laughing verdure cheered my frequent view;

Brown Autumn's breath now sears the withering

scene,

Tinged with each bright but melancholy hue. Joy of my life! I will not see thee droop; Nor count thy charms, decaying leaf by leaf;-Thy groves a desolate and dreary group,

Thrilled by the moanings of thy wintry grief. But back I haste to crowds and hurried life; Back to the town and, all its tasteless joys; Where rude Ambition stalks, with ruthless strife, And silken Pleasure smileth and destroys.

There must I act the cringing courtier's part,
Through glittering halls with Fashion's fools to
go;
There learn to simper, though the sickening heart
Lie cold and cheerless as a waste of snow.

But 'mid the whirl of Dissipation's dance-
The thorny pains which glory's path beset-
Oft shall mine eye revert its mournful glance
On lost delights, with sad, yet sweet regret :
The lingering stroll by silent glen and grove-

The tinted robe that fringed the setting sunThe moonlight talk with friends I dearly love

The lake that slumbered as the day was done. Have joys so pure irrevocably flown?

Surpassed that bourne whence none can e'er
return?

And must my widowed heart forever moan
The much loved dead that sleep in Memory's
urn?

One star yet o'er the dim horizon burns,

Whose twinkling beams obtain their misty way;

"Tis Hope-who whispers faintly of returns,
When night's dark noon shall fly the bursting
day.
T**.

ON BEING ASKED BY A LADY TO WRITE
POETRY IN MID-WINTER.

Know'st thou a calm sequestered vale,
Where (ere its flowers had faded)
Thou lovd'st to catch the whispering gale
From sultrier Summer shaded?
Hast thou forgot the pebbly brook,
Which poured its gurgling billow,
Where o'er our unmolested nook

Waved aye the graceful willow?

There by the rushy brink thy bard,*
Effused in listless pleasure,
O'er the cool green, was whylome heard,
In loose mellifluous measure,
Wooing the nymphs that laughed around,
To o'erleap yon rugged mountain;
And sport along the grassy ground,
Beside his sparkling fountain.

But now each fragrant flower is fled-
The smile of heaven is clouded--
The valley lies all waste and dead,
In wintry horrors shrouded;
That brook of streams has deeply drunk
From snow-crowned summits gushing,
And round the willow's shattered trunk
A torrent hoarse is rushing.

Alarm not then the poet's fire,

Nor break his gloomy slumbers;
That spot alone can song inspire,
Which waked forgotten numbers,
Sleeps still his frozen fancy there
Chained to an icy pillow,
While his harp, warped by keen despair,
Hangs on the rattling willow.
While frosted Winter's hoary brow
Is knit in speechless anguish,
All ice-bound on the leafless bough
Its chords neglected languish ;
Or moved by breezes cold as death
Sigh forth Eolian sadness;
Or in the whirlwind's harrowing breath,
Howl wild, and shriek in madness.

foreign countries, without permission of not parallel with the true bow, but in an
the censor. This decree is also to be ap- angle of about five degrees, and appeared
plicable to engravings of every kind on to cross the first at about two degrees from
copper or stone; geographical works, mu- the horizon. Colors well defined. The
sic, and pictures included. The decree re-observer was so situated as to have a full
lates (says the Count) not merely to those view of both for some minutes. This is a
who publish on their own account, but also phenomenon which does not appear to be
to those who may execute works on account accounted for on any principles of optics
of foreigners, or may send persons into hitherto established, and may lead to in-
foreign countries to do such works. Such vestigation. I have been informed that
is Austrian despotism. Such are its efforts bows similar in appearance were seen in
to debase and enslave mankind. The New Roxbury, on the morning of the 18th inst.
Monthly Magazine has the honor of being South Boston, July 28.
forbidden an entry into the states under,
rian animosity of which it may well be
the Hapsburg yoke, a testimony of barba-
proud.

NEW FRENCH POEM.

Great expectations have been excited
with regard to a Poem called "
"Philippe
Auguste," about to be published by M. Par-
seval Grandmaison, one of the members of
the French Academy. The enlightened
judges whom the author has consulted re-
specting his work, have been much struck
with its poetical beauties, and predict that
it will be singularly successful.

NEW SCOTTISH NOVEL.

INFLUENCE OF SOUNDS ON DIFFERENT
ANIMALS.

In the human ear the fibres of the circular tympanum radiate from its centre to its circumference, and are of equal length; but Sir Edward Home has found that in the Elephant, where the tympanum is oval, they are of different lengths, like the radii from the focus of an ellipse. He considers the equality of the radii, and he is of opinthat the human ear is adapted for sounds by

on that the long fibres in the tympanum of sounds, which it is known to do. A pianothe Elephant enable it to hear very minute forte having been sent on purpose to Exeter Change (a repository for wild beasts), the higher notes hardly attracted the EleThe next publication of the Great Un-phant's notice, but the lower ones roused known is said to be founded on the adven- his attention. The effect of the higher tures of certain adherents of the Pretender, notes of the instrument upon the great about fifteen years after the rebellion. Lion in Exeter Change, was only to excite his attention, which was very great. He remained silent and motionless. But no sooner were the flat notes sounded, than he sprang up, attempted to break loose, lashed his tail, and seemed so furious and enraged, as to frighten the female spectators. This was attended with the deepest yells, which ceased with the music. Sir E. Home has found this inequality of the fibres in neat cattle, the Horse, the Deer, the Hare, and the Cat.

PYROXYLIC SPIRIT.

AURORA BOREALIS.

A few years ago, Mr Warburton, of London, sent to the late Dr Marcet of Geneva, a certain quantity of a particular fluid arising from the rectification of the acetic acid of wood. Messrs Macaire and Marcet, jr, members of the Society of Physics and Natural History at Geneva, having examined this fluid, read in the meeting of the Society, held on the 16th of last October, a memoir on the subject. These two chemists have given to the fluid in question the name of Pyroxylic Spirit, which recalls Dr T. L. Thienemann, who spent the its origin. Their observations lead them winter of 1820 and 1821 in Iceland, made to conclude, first, that there exist at least two vegetable fluids, simple, and distinct He states the following as some of the gennumerous observations on the polar lights. from alcohol, but possessing like that liquid, eral results of his observations: 1. The the property of forming with acids, partic-polar lights are situated in the lightest and ular etherial spirits; secondly, that these two fluids, which they distinguish by the names, Pyroacetic spirit and Pyroxylic spirit, are different from each other both in their properties and in their composition.

highest clouds of our atmosphere. 2. They are not confined to the winter season or to the night, but are present in favourable circumstances, at all times, but are only distinctly visible during the absence of the solar rays. 3. The polar lights have no

PECULIARITY IN THE APPEARANCE OF THE determinate connexion with the earth. 4.

RAINBOW.

The following notice of a peculiarity in the appearance of the Rainbow, was published in the Boston Centinel.

A rainbow was seen at South Boston, yesterday morning, six o'clock, a little to the south of west, which appeared to militate in its principles with the commonly received theory. The true bow was a well defined arch, the chord of which was one eighth of a great circle, and had nothing peculiar attached to it. The false bow was!

He never heard any noise proceed from them. 5. Their common form, in Iceland, is the arched, and in a direction from N. E and W. S. W. 6. Their motions are various, but always within the limits of clouds containing them.

**The proprietors of Newspapers, for which this Gazette is exchanged, and of which the price is less than that of the Gazette, are expected to pay the difference.

C. H. & Co.

CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co.

HAVE just received from France and Germany, seventeen cases of BOOKS, most of them very valuable and rare, and the price low. Among them are the following. Waltoni (Briani) Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, (Hebr. Samar. Græc. Syriac. Chald. Æthiop. Persic. et Vulg. Lat.) Lond. 1657. 6 vols. fol. Well bound and in excellent order. [This is the most valuable of the Polyglotts, and has never yet been superseded.]

Castelli (Edmundi) Lexicon Heptaglotton, Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum, Samaritanum, Ethiopicum, Arabicum et Persicum. Cui accessit Grammatica Linguarum earundem. Lond. 1669. 2 vols. fol. [This Lexicon should accompany the Polyglott.] Price of the Polyglott Bible and Lexicon, $85,00.

Kennicott (Benj.) Vetus Testamentum Hebraicum, cum variis Lectionibus. Oxon.

Catalogues may be had at the Book-lately published, A Practical Treatise upon the Authority and Duty of Justices of the Peace in Criminal Prosecutions. By Daniel Davis, Solicitor General of Massachusetts. Also,

JUST PUBLISHED.

A FLORA of the Middle and Northern
Sections of the United States, or a System-
atic Arrangement and Description of all the
plants hitherto discovered in the United
States, north of Virginia. By John Torrey
M. D.

This work contains original descriptions
of all the species which have come under
the observation of the author; to which
are added, copious Synonymes and Locali-
ties. Its plan is nearly similar to that of Mr
Elliott's valuable work, and, with the prom-
ised Western Flora of Mr Nuttall, will
form as complete an account of the plants

of the United States as our present knowl-
edge will afford.

1776-80. 2 tom. fol. in boards. $42,00.
Buxtorf's (the elder) Hebrew Bible, with
a Rabbinical Commentary, including his
This work will be completed in 8 or 10
Tiberias sive Commentarius Masorethicus. numbers, each containing about 150 pages,
Basil, 1620. 2 vols. fol. in boards. $30,00. and accompanied with one or more plates.
Critici Sacri: sive Annotata Doctissimo- A number will be published, as nearly
rum Virorum in Vet. et Nov. Testamentum. as circumstances will permit, every two
Quibus accedunt Tractatus varii Theologi- months. Price $1,25, payable on delivery.
co-philologici. Amstel. 1698. 8 vols. in 9.
The first and second numbers of this val-
handsomely bound in vellum. $45,00. [This
edition contains more than the London edi-
tion of 1660.]

Calvini (Johannis) Opera. Amstel. 1667 -71. 9 vols. in 5. in vellum.

Bibliotheca Fratrum Polonorum. Irenop. 1656 and 1692. 10 vols. in 7. fol. in boards, viz.

1 tom.

uable work are already published, and may
be seen at CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co's.

A JOURNAL OF A TOUR IN ITALY,
IN the year 1821, with a description of

Gibraltar, accompanied with several en-
gravings. By an American.

Socini (Fausti) Opera. 2 tom. "The design which has been kept in view in preparing this Journal for the press, is to Crellii (Joannis) Opera. 4 tom. in 2. Slichtingii de Bukowiec (Jona) Commen-give a faithful picture of objects which came taria Posthuma in plerosque N. T. Libros. under the author's observation, and to bring them up in such a manner that they may strike the reader's mind as they at first struck his own; for this reason the descriptions have been made diffuse, in order to embrace such circumstances as he deemed necessary to his plan. It may be considered a fault to enlarge so much on trifles; but

Wolzogenii (J. L.) Opera. 2 vols. in 1.
Przipcovii (Samuelis) Cogitationes Sacræ,

etc. 1 tom.

Clerici (Joannis) Commentarius in Vet. et Nov. Testam. Amstel. et Francof. 1710-31. 7 vols. in 3.

Hammond's (Henry) Paraphrase and Annotations on the New Testament. Lond.

1671. fol.

Lampe (Fr. Adolphi) Commentarius Analytico-exegeticus Evangelii secundum Joan3 tom. 4to. neatly

nem. Amstel. 1723.
bound in vellum. $7,87.
Wolfii (J. Christ.) Curæ Philologicæ et
Criticæ in N. T. Hamb. 1737-41. 5 vols.
4to. $7,25.

Rosenmuelleri (E. F. C.) Scholia in Ve

In Psalmos.

tus Testamentum. Lips. 8vo. viz.
In Pentateuchum. Vol. I. (Gen.) 1821.
Vol. II. (Exod.) 1822.
Vol. I. (Ps. i.-xx.) 1821.
Vol. II. (Ps. xxi.-liv.) 1822.
In Jesaiam. 3 vols. 1810-20.
In Ezechiel. 2 vols. 1803-10.
In Prophetas Minores. 4 vols. 1812-16.
[These are the latest editions of this valua-
ble commentary.]

Schulzi (J. C. F.) Scholia in Vetus Testamontum. Continuata (inde a vol. iv.) a G.

perhaps it may be received in palliation, if
not in excuse, that they are always the
very same trifles which have served to fas-
ten in his mind the more important subjects
with which they were connected, and are
still strongly and agreeably associated in
memory."

his

For sale by CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co.

NEW BOOKS.

PRIVATE Correspondence of William
Cowper, Esq. with several of his most inti-
mate friends. Now first published from
the Originals in the possession of his kins-
man, John Johnson, LL. D.
Rector of
Yaxham with Welborne in Norfolk.

Memoirs of John Aiken, M. D. By Lu-
cy Aiken.

Smellie's Philosophy of Natural History,
with Notes, &c. By John Ware, M. D.
Heeren's Politics of Ancient Greece.
By George Bancroft.

CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co.

A General Abridgment and Digest of American Law, with occasional Notes and Comments. By Nathan Dane, LL. D. Counsellor at Law-Vols. I. II. III. The IV. and V. Vols. in Press.

Subscribers are requested to call for the above works.

CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co.

HAVE just received from Paris, the following new Works:

Mémoires pour servir à la Vie du Général La Fayette, et à l'Histoire de l'Assemblée Constituante, redigés par M. Regnault-Warin.

Militaire, de son origine, de ses progrès Essai sur l'Histoire Générale de l'Art et de ses révolutions, depuis la première formation des Sociétés Européenes jusq'à nos jours, orné de quatorze planches. Par le Col. Carrion Hisas.

CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co.

HAVE just received from Germany and France, an extensive assortment of Theological and Classical Books, which have been selected by Mr Hilliard in the princi

pal cities on the Continent. Among them are a great proportion of Works extremely rare, curious, and valuable.

CHART OF MOBILE.

CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co. have just received a few copies of a new Chart of Mobile Bay, in the State of Alabama. Comprising the Rivers and Creeks. By Curtis Lewis.

DRAWING MATERIALS.

CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co. have received a choice assortment of Drawing Materials, consisting of

Reeves & Son's Water Colours, put up in boxes of all sizes, many of which are elegant, composed of mahagony, rose wood, and satin wood, with lock, drawers, saucers, brushes, &c.;

Camel's Hair Pencils, by the gross, dozen, or single;

Drawing Pencils, best quality, manufactured by Dobbs;

Colours for Maps, and Plans; Drawing Chalks, all varieties, put up neatly in Boxes;

Drawing Paper of all sizes.

ENGLISH LETTER PAPER.

CUMMINGS, HILLIARD, & Co. have just opened several cases, containing an extensive assortment of English Writing Paper, which they offer to the trade, and the public, on the most liberal terms.

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