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can principle of making all property responsible for the education of all children, without distinction, in the free schools. It seems to be only the completion of the system of public instruction, which has already affected so widely the character of our country, and to be essential to its greatest efficacy and happiest influence. "It may safely be computed," says Governor Lincoln, in his late speech to the legislature of Massachusetts, that the number of male teachers engaged by the towns, annually, for the whole or parts of the year, does not fall short of twenty-five hundred different individuals, to which, if the number of female instructers and those employed in private schools be added, the aggregate would amount to many thousands. Knowledge in the art of governing, and a facility in communicating instruction, are attainments in the teacher, of indispensable importance to proficiency by the pupil. These talents are as much to be acquired by education, as are the sciences themselves. It will well merit the consideration of the legislature when discussing the expediency of the institution of the proposed seminary [for practical arts and sciences], whether provision for the preparation of a class of men to become the instructers of youth in the public schools, in branches of learning adapted to the present condition and wants of the country, is not among the highest of the inducements to the measure, and should be an object of primary and definite arrangement, in its adoption."

A new Digest of the Laws of the United States. T. F. Gordon, of the city of Philadelphia, has in preparation, and nearly ready for press, A Digest of the Laws of the United States, in which it is proposed,

I. To classify the laws under five great divisions or codes, viz. the Political, Civil, Commercial, Military, and Criminal Codes.

II. To reduce the statutory provisions into clear and distinct propositions, divested of duplicate enactments, and redundant and synonymous expressions; and to arrange such propositions, whatever may be the date of their enactment, in the natural order of their subjects respectively.

III. To introduce the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States on all subjects relating to constitutional and statutory law, into the text of the work as part of the law of the land.

IV. To give references to the statutes by their sections, and dates of enactment, and to the decisions of the court, by the names of the cases and by the page and volume of the reporter; so that a ready access may be had to the statutes and adjudged cases themselves, when it shall be desirable to examine them.

V. To arrange the propositions or placita of the work, numerically after the manner of the Code Napoleon; such arrangement serving as the readiest means for reference to its contents through a copious index, alphabetically digested, by which the inquirer will be immediately directed to his object without the examination of a whole chapter, section, or page.

The Digest will be a codal one, comprehending all the laws in force at the time of its publication. But that the work may exhibit a full historical view of the law, notes will be appended, containing a notice of repealed laws, on matters still subjected to legislative provision, and such statistical views as may with propriety be introduced.

Without entering upon the consideration of the benefits, supposed to flow from codification upon new, general, and philosophical principles, the accomplishment of which is the subject of very doubtful speculation,

it may be said that in the plan here proposed, there is nothing impracticable. Clearness in the arrangement, and correctness in extracting the spirit of the statutes, are the only qualities indispensable to success. The plan contemplates only to give the rule of the law, as it now exists, in the words of the law so far as they are necessary, with references whereby any aberration from the rule may be instantly detected. Astorga Library. The Astorga library, recently purchased for the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh, is supposed to be the most curious collection of Spanish books existing out of Spain. It consists of about eight thousand volumes, and was sold for three thousand pounds. The collection is unrivalled (in so far as England is concerned) as to Romance, Chronicles, and Law. There is also a great deal of the Old Poetry, and a contemporary prose History of the Crusades, which is considered unique. The same body purchased only last year, a very fine Danish library entire at Copenhagen.

Rare Bird. A migratory or passenger pigeon of America, the Columba Migratoria of Wilson's Ornithology, was shot in Fife (Scotland) some time since, and is the first example of the kind which has occurred in Europe. It was probably forced thither by stress of weather. This species occurs in vast flocks on this continent, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, and is very destructive to corn-fields.

Swiss Journals. The number of journals published weekly or twice a week in Switzerland is surprising. Every Canton has at least one, and some of them more, besides monthly and other publications.

Dante. Professor Rezzi, librarian of the Barberini Library, is said to have made the valuable discovery of Dante, with the commentaries of Leanderio, full of marginal notes in the handwriting of Tasso. These notes, as may easily be supposed, are most learned and judicious, and show how profoundly the immortal author of the "Gerusalemme "had studied the "Divina Commedia."

Petrarca. Chevalier Arrighi, in a little work published last year at St Petersburg, announces that he has in his possession a most beautiful manuscript of all the "Rime" of Petrarca, which will serve to correct many errata in all the printed editions of the Canzoniere, as well as to restore to Petrarca, and to take from him, some disputed poems.

Venice. The population of Venice, which, in 1797, amounted to one hundred and eighteen thousand inhabitants, is not more at present than one hundred thousand, a third of whom are destitute of sufficient means of existence.

Excavations at Tusculum. The researches of Count Biondi on the site of the ancient town of Tusculum, produce the most satisfactory results. Several streets are already laid open, and also one of the gates of the town, which is supported by fluted pillars. An aqueduct and a public fountain are going to be laid open, as well as the fountain and the baths. Bas reliefs, inscriptions, and fresco paintings attract the attention of the learned. Count Biondi intends to publish a description of his valuable discoveries, illustrated by plates.

Manufacture of Silk in Ireland. The preparations for introducing the silk manufacture into Ireland, are in active progress. Twenty-six thousand white mulberry trees have been received at Cork, and are to be planted to supply food for the silk worms.

NEW PUBLICATIONS.

AGRICULTURE.

Annual Address, delivered before the Rhode Island Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Industry, October 20, 1824. By William Hunter. Providence. 1826. 8vo. pp. 43.

"I state," says Mr Hunter, "from a high and recent authority reviewing all these subjects, that it is admitted on all hands that the rate of profit, in any particular department of industry can never either permanently exceed or fall below the rate of profit commonly obtained in other departments; but agriculture is a branch of industry which must be carried on in all times and in all circumstances. It is plain, however, that it would not be carried on if it did not yield as great a return for the capital and industry employed in it, as other businesses, and it is equally certain, that these would not be carried on if they yielded a less return than that derived from agriculture. It necessarily follows, therefore, that the rate of profit in agriculture is the standard rate-or that the average value of the returns obtained from capital employed in agricultural industry, must always govern the average value of those obtained from the capital employed in every other department."

BIOGRAPHY,

Memoir of Andrew Underhill, who departed this Life at Philadelphia, on the 18th of First Month, 1823, in the 26th year of his age. Philadelphia. 1826.

DRAMA.

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ; a Sacred Drama. Translated from the German. Boston. 18mo.

Family Jars; a Musical Farce. In two Acts. New York. 18mo.

pp. 36,

EDUCATION.

A Greek Grammar, for the Use of Schools, from the German of Philip Buttmann. Second Edition of the Translation. Boston. 8vo. pp. 336.

An Abridgment of Lectures on Rhetoric. By Hugh Blair, D. D. Revised and corrected. To which is applied, a new method of Interrogating, by Samuel Worcester. Boston. 18mo. pp. 284.

A Report of the Superintendant of the Christ Church Sunday School; and an Account of the Plan of Instruction pursued in the School. Boston. 8vo. pp. 48.

A System of Geography, Ancient and Modern, for the Use of Schools. Accompanied with an Atlas, adapted to the work. By Jedidiah Morse, D. D. and Sydney E. Morse, A. M. Twenty-fifth edition. Boston. 12mo. pp. 342.

The Child's Arithmetic, or the Elements of Calculation, in the spirit of Pestalozzi's Method, for the Use of Children between the Ages of Three and Seven Years. By William B. Fowle, Instructer of the Monitorial School, Boston. Boston. 18mo. pp. 103.

We have examined this little book, and think that the plan and the execution of it are excellent. We confidently recommend it to the attention of parents and school committees, as singularly adapted to the purposes of a first book in arithmetic.

LAW.

A Treatise on the Laws of Obligations or Contracts, by M. Pothier. Translated from the French, with an Introduction, Appendix, and Notes,. illustrative of the English Law on the subjects. By William David Evans, Esq., Barrister at Law. In two volumes. Philadelphia. 8vo.

Reports of Cases determined in the Circuit Court of the United States, for the Third Circuit, comprising the Districts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, commencing at April term, 1823. Published from the manuscripts of the Hon. Bushrod Washington, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States. Philadelphia.

Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. By Octavius Pickering, Counsellor at Law. No. I. Vol. 3. Boston. 8vo. pp. 152.

We understand that the Massachusetts Reports will be published hereafter in numbers of about one hundred and fifty pages each. This enables the reporter to put the profession in possession of the decisions of the Supreme Court much more promptly, than could be done by the former arrangement.

MEDICINE.

Discourses on Cold and Warm Bathing; with Remarks on the Effects of Drinking Cold Water in Warm Weather. By John G. Coffin, M. D. Second edition. Boston. 12mo. pp. 70.

We recommend these discourses to the attention of those who have never read them; as containing many useful precepts upon subjects which must be acknowledged to be important at all times, and particularly so at the present season of the year."

An Inquiry into the Nature and Treatment of Diabetes, Calculus, and other Affections of the Urinary Organs; with Remarks on the Importance of Attending to the State of the Urine in Organic Diseases of the Kidney and Bladder, &c. By William Prout, M. D. F. R. S. From the Second London Edition. With Notes and Additions, by B. S. Calhoun, M. D. Philadelphia. 8vo. pp. 308.

The American Family Physician. By the late Thomas Ewell, M. D. of Virginia. Addressed to the Heads of Families in the United States. Georgetown, D. C. 8vo. pp. 300.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Observations suggested by the late Occurrences in Charleston. By a Member of the Board of Public Works of the State of South Carolina. Columbia, S. C. 8vo. pp. 16.

The author of this pamphlet estimates, that there are in South Carolina, "five millions of acres of pine barrens and sand hills" now almost uninhabited; and endeavours to show by facts and arguments, that this immense tract of country may be advantageously cultivated in the production of olive oil, wool, silk, and wine, and thus be made to support a comparatively dense population, and add much to the wealth and power of the State. "The growing disposition for manufactures in the Northern States," he says, "indicates to us what we ought to do to supply them with the raw materials they want. Every effort of this kind tends to cement the bonds of our union, and this consideration, independent of any other, ought to induce us to avail ourselves of all the advantages which our soil and climate offer to our patriotism as well as to our industry."

The First Part, comprehending the Basis, of a New Musical Work, to be entitled Music as a Science, or Self-Instructer on the Piano Forte, Baltimore.

Six Months in the West Indies, in 1825. New York.

An Address, delivered before the Alumni of Columbia College, on the 3d of May, 1826, in the Hall of the College. By William Bard, A. B. The Northern Traveller; containing the Routes to Niagara, Quebec, and the Springs; with Descriptions of the Principal Scenes, and Useful Hints to Strangers. With Maps and Copperplates. Second Edition. New York.

The Deformed Boy. By the Author of "Redwood," &c. Boston. 18mo. pp. 40.

PHILOSOPHY.

Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, held at Philadelphia, for Promoting Useful Knowledge. Vol. III. Part 1. New Series. By Marcus Bull. Philadelphia. 4to. pp. 63.

POETRY.

The Lay of Gratitude; consisting of Poems, occasioned by the recent Visit of La Fayette to the United States. By Daniel Bryan. Philadelphia. 8vo. pp. 104.

POLITICS.

Speech of Mr Webster, of Massachusetts, in the House of Representatives, on the Panamá Mission, delivered on the 14th of April, 1826. Washington. 8vo. pp. 61.

THEOLOGY.

The Substance of a Sermon, preached at the Methodist Chapel, Dover, N. H., on Thursday, April 13, 1826, the Day of Public Fast. By John Newland Maffit. Published by request. Concord, N. H. 8vo. pp. 18.

A bold reproof is contained in this discourse, which comes with great propriety from the pulpit: "Why is our native soil continually satiated with the blood of her sons, shed by the hand of fashionable murderers, in violation of all moral obligation? And why are these enormities so generally regarded either with indifference or with approbation and applause?"

The Funeral Sermon of Rev. Christopher S. Mooring, Minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, preached by Rev. Hezekiah G. Leigh, at Lynchburg, Virginia, October 1, 1825. Richmond. 1826. 8vo. pp. 20. A Sermon, delivered in Portland, November 9, 1825, at the Installation of the Rev. Charles Jenkins, Pastor of the Third Congregational Church in that place. By S. Edwards Dwight. Portland. 1826. 8vo. pp. 50.

A Sermon, by the venerated President Edwards, rewritten, so as to retain his Thoughts in a Modern Style. By Daniel A. Clark. Amherst. 1826. 8vo. pp. 20.

A Letter from a Friend in America to Luke Howard, of Tottenham, near London, in which the Character of our late Friend, Job Scott, is vindicated and defended, and his Doctrines shown to be consistent with Scripture and Sound Reason, in reply to a Letter addressed by Luke Howard to the Author.

An Exposé of some of the Misrepresentations contained in a Pamphlet, entitled "A Letter from a Friend in America, to Luke Howard, of Tottenham, near London."

Discourses on the Character of Jesus Christ. By Henry Ware, Jr., Minister of the Second Church in Boston. Second Edition. Boston. 12mo. pp. 137.