taken for garrison duty; for foot service; for cavalry duty, and for ordnance, and the sapper and miner corps. The most complete physical condition is required for foot service; next for cavalry; and there are some disqualifications for these that do not apply to the others mentioned. These have been alluded to in the synopsis of the "Code" above copied. In foreign services, a distinct or precise allusion is made to the cavalry and foot services. "A recruit even considerably in-kneed; or with cicatrices from previously ulcerated legs; or who has lost a great toe; or who has moderately deformed feet from flatness, or other causes, may be received for mounted service, though unfit for infantry. In garrison service, moderate hydrocele; varices of the legs, if not aggravated; a slight contraction of the elbow joint; shortness of one of the lower extremities, provided the defect can be remedied by means of a high-heeled shoe; inguinal

or femoral hernia, if retainable by a truss; loss of any finger except the thumb, and slight traces of scrofula, do not disqualify."

In services where the voluntary enlistment supersedes the conscription, it has not been found necessary to draw these distinctions, as the desire to enlist, not to avoid conscription, presents such an amount of good material, that the responsibility of the surgeon lies in discovering concealed defects. Hence, causes of rejection are much more readily laid down than in the conscription. It is where effort is made to leave the service, or to obtain pension, that the system laid down in the "Code de la Conscription," will aid in the detection of pretenders.

To complete this part of the subject, “The Instructions for examining recruits" in the British service are here given. These instructions are considered, by the highest military authority in that service, to be quite deficient,

inasmuch as they contain "little or nothing to guide the medical officer in dubious cases."

1. Feeble constitution; unsound health from whatever cause; indications of former diseases, as leech-bites, traces of blisters, thereby showing a liability to infirm health; nodes, glandular swellings, or other symptoms of scrofula. 2. Weak, or disordered intellect.

3. Chronic cutaneous affections, especially of the scalp.

4. Severe injuries of the bones of the head. 5. Impaired vision, from whatever cause; inflammatory affections of the eyelids; immobility, or irregularity of the iris; fistula lachrymalis, &c. &c.

6. Deafness; copious discharge from the

ears.

7. Loss of many teeth, or the teeth generally unsound.

8. Impediment of speech; stammering.
9. Want of due capacity of the chest, and

any other indications of a liability to pulmonic disease. Disease of the heart.

10. Impaired or inadequate efficiency of one or both of the superior extremities, on account of palsy; old fractures, especially of the clavicles; contraction of a joint; mutilation; extenuation; deformity; ganglions, &c. &c.

11. An unnatural excurvature or incurvature of the spine.

12. Hernia, or a tendency to that disability from preternatural enlargement of the abdominal ring.

13. A varicose state of the veins of the scrotum or spermatic cord. Sarcocele, hydrocele, hemorrhoids, fistulæ in perineo.

14. Impaired or inadequate efficiency of one or both of the inferior extremities, on account of varicose veins, old fractures, malformation, palsy, or lameness, flat feet, contraction, mutilation, extenuation, enlargement,

unequal length, bunions, overlying or supernumerary toes, ganglions, &c. &c.

15. Ulcers, or unsound cicatrices of ulcers likely to break out afresh.

16. Traces of corporal punishment. This is an unqualified cause of rejection in regard to recruits.

17. Diseases, whether acute or chronic, for which medical treatment is required.

XXVII.

Inspection of recruits is to be done only in the daytime. The reasons for this need not be given. If emergencies require a departure from this rule, they constitute only exceptions to its general applicability.