pleased (besides all the other benefits allowed to our troops in the former Expeditions against Canada and Nova Scotia) to take upon himself the payment of & charge of cloathing the Forces in this Expedition; I say upon due consideration, I hope you will act your parts at this important conjuncture with Vigour and Resolution, not only in your Legislative capacity whilst you are together, but in the short time of your Recess among your neighbouring Towns in the Country, by encouraging the enlistments for His Majestys service in the present Expedition to the utmost of your power."1

Since Massachusetts Bay took the lead among the colonies, an elaboration of her proceedings seemed to be pertinent. We turn now, yet with greater brevity, to observe what preparations were being made by the other governments, each of which gave special inducements, in one way or another, to favor an enlistment.

New Hampshire voted to enlist one thousand men, though some authorities suggest that only five hundred took the field. Yet Governor Wentworth, in his requisitions to England for reimbursement, said his province raised seven hundred and thirty-three men, and that his Assembly had voted sixty thousand pounds for defraying expenses.2

Rhode Island voted three companies of one hundred men each, inclusive of officers-a standard for companies required by the royal instructions-and gave a bounty to each man of fifty pounds, in bills of public credit of the old tenor; a suit of clothes valued at twenty-six pounds of the old tenor; "a small arm and cartouch box, over and above His Majesty's pay, and the share of booty taken"; also "tents for the land forces, and a suitable bed and blanket for every two men." She expended, in addition to the bounty, £76,083 11s. 4d., New England currency, which reduced to sterling, at the rate of £750 currency for £100 sterling, equalled £10,144 19s. 6d.;3

1 Mass. Court Records, idem, pp. 498-502.

2 Chalmers's Papers, Canada; Memoirs of Last War, p. 62.

3 R. I. Records, Vol. V., pp. 172, 175, 177, 236.

1

and was reimbursed to the sum of only £7507 4s. 3 d.1 In May, 1746, the Governor, Council and Representatives of Connecticut, in General Court assembled, voted to furnish "six hundred able-bodied effective men, or more if they shall offer themselves," but at the June session increased the number to one thousand men, inclusive of the officers. The bounty and other allowances offered at the May session were also materially increased in June, "for the encouragement of such men voluntarily to enlist themselves"; yet, in case the number should fall short, the remainder were ordered to "be imprest to go into said service." The war committees of the several towns were given additional instructions. Jonathan Trumbull and Hezekiah Huntington were appointed "to provide, in the best and most reasonable manner, such good fire-locks, cutlasses, cartouch-boxes and belts as may be wanted." Andrew Burr, Thomas Welles, Hezekiah Huntington, Gurdon Saltonstall, John Fowler and Jabez Hamlin were entrusted, as commissaries, "with full power by impressing, or otherwise, to provide sufficient transports for said troops and sufficient provisions at present for their subsistence five months from the time of their imbarkation, and also to provide cloathing, beds and other necessaries." " Officers were chosen for the regiment in May and June, and it was ordered that proclamations be issued "for the keeping days of Fasting and Prayer to Almighty God, for his protection, blessing and assistance in the expedition.'

3

The regiment was at New London early in August, awaiting orders to embark for Louisburg; and when the Assembly observed at its October session that the late season of the year presaged a delay for some time to come, they voted "that his Honour the Governour of this Colony be desired, and he is hereby desired, to advise the colonel

1 Correspondence of the Colonial Governors of Rhode Island. Edited by G. S. Kimball; Vol. II. (1903), pp. 98, 99.

2 Public Records of the Colony of Conn., Vol. IX., pp. 211, 231, 232. Conn. ony Records, Vol. IX., pp. 213, 214, 236, 237. Ibid., p. 216.

1

or chief officer of the said regiment to offer a furlough to the said souldiers, that they may retire to their respective places of abode until they shall have his Majesties orders for mustering again." This order was carried out by Governor Law, but as late as the year 1750, this resolve caused some trouble by being "interpreted as expressing disrespect to his Majesty's orders, and tending to disadvantage the then intended expedition." It even threatened to jeopardize the reimbursement promised by the mother country, but the action of Connecticut, it is certain, was prompted by a desire to economize the Crown's expenses, as well as to sustain the welfare of the colony."

A census of New York, taken in 1746, shows that the white males between the years of sixteen and sixty numbered but 12,522, exclusive of Albany County, which could not be computed because of the enemy. Nevertheless this province provided one thousand six hundred men, and also four "independent" companies of one hundred men each. It also conciliated the Five Nations of Indians, through the instrumentality of Col. William Johnson, whom the Indians themselves had chosen to be their colonel. Governor Clinton was personally active in conferences with the Indians, but at the same time was at loggerheads with his Assembly, who made him much trouble. On November 9th, 1747, he reported to Newcastle that "about £55,000 sterl." would cover all expenses incurred and to be liquidated."

Lewis Morris, governor of New Jersey, died on May 21st, 1746, whereby the government devolved upon the Honorable John Hamilton, the eldest member of the Council. On June 12th Hamilton addressed the Council

1 Conn. Colony Records, idem, p. 257. Ibid., pp. 575, 576.

N. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. VI., p. 392. New York's official action in behalf of the scheme can be studied from Journal of the Votes and Proceedings of the General Assembly of New York, Vol. II. (New York, 1766). ♦ Ibid., p. 379.

Ibid., p. 409. For muster rolls see, Second Annual Report of the State Historian of New York. Albany, 1897, pp. 617-639.

6 N. J. Votes, of the given date.

1

and General Assembly and communicated Newcastle's letter of instructions to Morris, relative to the intended expedition. He also forwarded immediately the remaining letters of the packet to the governor of Pennsylvania. The Assembly expressed themselves as grateful to His Majesty for his "paternal Care," as shown by the proposed expedition, which also proved to them that His Majesty was "not unmindful of the Welfare and Preservation even of his remotest Subjects." New Jersey voted five hundred men, and by its appropriations impaired its own treasury. Col. Peter Schuyler, who commanded the New Jersey companies, also advanced some thousands of pounds "out of his own estate" to keep his men together. But in doing so he reaped the displeasure of New York's governor, who bitterly complained to the mother country, asserting that Schuyler's action had caused desertions and mutiny among the unpaid provincials."

The Legislature of Pennsylvania was controlled by Quakers, who, while affirming allegiance to the King's commands, so far as their religious persuasions would permit, objected to being "concerned in war-like Enterprises." In this they were seconded by the German Mennonites, a sect of Pennsylvania pietists, who were also advocates of non-resistance. Governor George Thomas, therefore, raised four hundred men, without an act of government, and clothed, armed and equipped them on his own credit.

Maryland voted, "to encourage 300 able bodied Freemen to enlist and to transport them to the Place of Rendezvous," who were ready for the field by July 25th. As no arms could be purchased in Maryland at the time, the House, to prevent delay, consented to supply "out of

1 N. J. Votes, June, 1746. 2 Ibid., June 13th, 1746, and Jan. 7th, 1748.

3 Ibid., Jan. 7, 1748; N. Y. Col. Docs., Vol. VI., pp. 341, 349, 351, 357; Chalmers's Papers, Canada.

4 Penn. Votes, Vol. IV. (Phila., 1774), p. 38.

5 Maryland Votes and Proceedings of the Lower House of Assembly.

the public Magazine of this Province, on condition of the like Quantity being again replaced for the Use of the Public," the following equipment: "300 Muskets, with Slings and Bayonets, 300 Cartouch Boxes with Belts, 6 Drums, 9 Half Pikes, and 6 Halberts." These things were accordingly removed from the public magazine, but had not been replaced as late as June 22nd, 1747, when the new governor, Samuel Ogle, was urged to remedy the condition. But Maryland rejected the request of Shirley for appropriations toward the conciliation of the Six Nations, in the following words:

"We have considered the Letters from Governor Shirley, laid before us by your Excellency, and cannot with any Colour of Reason burthen the People of this Province upon every Suggestion of private and unknown Persons, who would willingly provide for themselves; or of Governors of distant Provinces, who, no doubt, would ease those under their respective Governments, at the Expence of others. The People of Maryland have lately been at great Charge in providing for, and sending to Albany, three hundred Men for his Majesty's Service; which, with the Consideration of a weighty public debt now due, will we hope render us excused on the subject Matter of those Letters; and the more so, as it is well known we can hardly find Means for the necessary Supplies of our own Domestic Affairs." "

Maryland did not advance anything for the pay of her contingent, but voted £5399 19s. 8d. for levying and maintaining them in Maryland and transporting them to Albany with provisions.

Virginia, though given special honors, in the person of Governor Gooch, contributed a very unequal proportion. She could raise only one hundred men, and even they were not ready before the middle of August. In October, 1746, this Virginian contingent still lay encamped within the fort at New York city, waiting to proceed to Albany,

1 Maryland Votes. 2 Ibid., June 25th, 1747.

3 Ibid., July 11th and Dec. 23d, 1747. It is not clear whether this is all that was expended.