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of Canada. Senator Bourinot came of a Huguenot family from Normandy, which had settled in Jersey. His wife was Jane Marshall, daughter of Justice Marshall of Nova Scotia, and granddaughter of a captain in the British army, of Irish descent. John George Bourinot was educated by the Rev. W. Y. Porter at Sydney, and at the University of Trinity College at Toronto. He then turned to journalism, and became a parliamentary reporter and editor. In 1860, he established the Halifax Reporter, and was for some years its chief editor. From 1861 to 1867, he was the chief official reporter of the Assembly of Nova Scotia. The confederation of Canada then taking place, he, in 1868, became shorthand writer to the Senate, thenceforward till his death residing in Ottawa. In 1873, he became second assistant clerk of the House of Commons, and in 1879 first assistant. From December 18, 1880, till the close of his life he was chief clerk of that important legislative body. His chief work, an elaborate and standard treatise entitled, The Practice and Procedure of Parliament, with a Review of the Origin and Growth of Parliamentary Institutions in the Dominion of Canada, which first appeared in 1884, was the direct outgrowth of his highly efficient service in that responsible office. In 1882, when the Royal Society of Canada was founded, he was made its honorary secretary, and retained that office until his death, except that in 1891, he was made vice-president for one year, in 1892, president. To his energy, address and organizing capacity the Royal Society and the nineteen large volumes of its Transactions were greatly indebted.

Sir John Bourinot took an active interest in public. affairs, especially as a champion of Imperial Federation. For many years he was honorary corresponding secretary at Ottawa of the Royal Colonial Institute. From 1889 to 1894, he was a member of the Executive Council of the American Historical Association, to whose Papers, Volume V., he contributed an historical review of the relations between Canada and the United States, and to its Annual Report of 1891, an extensive and interesting monograph on the history of parliamentary government in Canada. He was given the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1886, by Queen's College, Kingston, and that of D.C.L. in 1888, by Trinity College of Toronto and in 1890, by King's College, Windsor. He received the degree of

Docteur ès Lettres from Laval University in 1893, and that of D.C.L. from Bishop's College in 1895.

In 1890, the Queen created him a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. He was knighted in 1898. He was thrice married: in 1858 he was married to Delia Hawke, who died in 1860; in 1866 he was married to the daughter of the American consul at Halifax, Emily Alden Pilsbury, who died in 1887; thirdly in 1889 to Isabelle Cameron of Toronto. Lady Bourinot survives him.

Keenly interested in both the political and the literary development of Canada, Sir John Bourinot wrote much, and he was an ardent collector of books of both Canadian history and Canadian literature, forming an extensive and remarkably well-selected working library. He was a tall, vigorous, genial man, with great powers of work and great enjoyment in it. His writings fall into two groups, one dealing with Canadian politics, the other with Canadian history. Of the former the chief, besides those already mentioned, were his Canadian Studies in Comparative Politics (Montreal, 1890), and his How Canada is Governed (Toronto, 1895). The series of his historical writings began with one entitled, The Intellectual Development of the Canadian People: An Historical Review (Toronto, 1881). It was an expansion of articles in the Canadian Monthly, to which he was one of the chief contributors. A Blackwood article, published shortly after, on the "Progress of the New Dominion," was characterized by the London Times as "the best article that has yet appeared on the subject in a British periodical." He also contributed to the Quarterly, Westminster and Scottish Reviews. In 1886, Dr. Bourinot published an excellent general sketch of Canadian history, the volume Canada in the series called The Story of the Nations; in 1888, a Manual of the Constitutional History of Canada; and in 1900, in the Cambridge Historical Series, a small book on Canada under British Rule, interesting and workmanlike. But the most elaborate of his historical works were labors of love in the history of his native province, the first An Historical and Descriptive Account of the Island of Cape Breton (Montreal, 1892), exhaustive in text and sumptuously embellished with maps and plans, and the last entitled Builders of Nova Scotia (Toronto, 1900).

While not a profound historian, and somewhat too

positive in the statement of political and historical opinions, Sir John Bourinot was an eager and capable student, an accomplished man of letters, a model of excellence as a public official, and an eminently useful citizen.

J. F. J.

Dr. Douglas Brymner, who was elected a foreign member of the Society in October, 1898, died in Ottawa on June 19, 1902. He was born at Greenock, Scotland, on July 3, 1823, the fourth son of Alexander Brymner, a banker of that town, and of Elizabeth Fairlie, daughter of John Fairlie, a well-to-do merchant there. The father came originally from Stirling, where his family had long been prominent. He was a man of refinement and of unusual intellectual attainments, who instilled into his children the love of letters and incited them to extensive reading. Douglas Brymner received a classical education at the Greenock Grammar School and then a thorough mercantile training. He engaged in business in Greenock on his own account, but afterward took a brother into partnership. In 1853, he married Jean Thomson, daughter of William Thomson of Hill End, by whom he had nine children. One of his sons was till lately an official of the Bank of Montreal, another a prominent artist in that city.

Mr. Brymner retired from business in 1856, as the result of illness caused by too close application to his work. Restored by a year of rest, he removed to Canada in 1857, and settled in Melbourne, in the Eastern Townships. Here he was twice elected mayor without a contest, and without soliciting a single vote. Presently he drifted into journalism and literature. An active member of the Church of Scotland (though in his later years he adhered to the Church of England), he had served frequently as a representative elder in the Presbyterian church courts, and had written much on church topics. Early in the sixties he became editor of the Presbyterian, the official organ of his church in Canada, and associate editor of the Montreal Herald, of which the illness of the chief editor often gave him principal charge. In 1870 and 1871, he was elected President of the Press Gallery of the House of Commons and of the Canadian Press Association. Possessing a large fund of caustic humor, he wrote in Scottish dialect a series of amusing letters under the assumed name of

"Tummas Treddles," an octogenarian weaver of Paisley. The first, on curling, appeared in the Montreal Herald, others, on various subjects, in the Scottish American Journal of New York. At a later time he published translations of Horace into Lowland Scottish verse.

But that which gave its distinctive flavor to all the later part of his life, and has made it appropriate to commemorate him in the proceedings of an historical society, was his appointment, on June 26, 1872, as archivist of the Dominion of Canada, an appointment which, we are told, met with the approval of all parties. In this office Mr. Brymner performed services of incalculable benefit to all students of Canadian history and of many parts of the history of the United States. He was its first holder, and, as he said in an entertaining account of his labors which he wrote for the American Historical Association (Papers, Volume III.), began work in 1872, "with three empty rooms and very vague instructions." His appropriations were small, and for the first nine years he had not even a single clerical assistant. What he accomplished under such conditions, working with great enthusiasm, energy and speed, is most astonishing, for it seems to be the literal fact that he created at Ottawa the largest and most important collection of manuscript historical material in the western hemisphere. At the time of his appointment, the military correspondence of the provinces of Canada for a hundred years was packed up at Halifax, ready for transhipment to London, under the orders of the War Office. Securing a reversal of this order and the transfer of the papers to Ottawa, he attacked them single-handed,-eight tons of documents, between three hundred thousand and four hundred thousand in number,and arranged them and caused them to be bound in nearly eleven hundred volumes. He procured copies from London of all the papers in the Haldimand and Bouquet Collections, and began a systematic copying of all matter relating to the history of Canada in the British and French archives. The results have been laid before the learned world in a most valuable series of annual reports. At first these formed part of the report of the Minister of Agriculture, Arts and Statistics. Since 1883 they have taken the shape of independent volumes, presenting succinct calendars of large masses of papers, while a selection of the most

important appears printed in extenso. The report of 1881 was so much esteemed by the British Public Record Office that it was reprinted entire in the next annual report of the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records.

Dr. Brymner was a kindly, genial man, with a shrewd Scottish humor. Modest and clear-headed, and closely devoted to a single great task, he made no attempt to write history. But he laid under great obligations a host of historical writers, and was regarded by them with great gratitude and esteem. In 1892 Queen's University gave him the degree of Doctor of Laws.

J. F J.

Frank Palmer Goulding was born in Grafton, Massachusetts, July 2nd, 1837, and died in Worcester, Massachusetts, September 16th, 1901, having been a member of this Society since 1886. He was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1863, studied law with Hon. George F. Hoar and in the Harvard Law School, was admitted to the bar in Worcester in 1866, and practised alone for a few months, but was soon taken into partnership by Hon. F. H. Dewey, who at once went abroad, leaving a large and important business in the hands of the young lawyer. This partnership continued until 1869, when Mr. Dewey was appointed Justice of the Superior Court. The firm of Staples and Goulding was then formed, lasting till 1881. Mr. Staples was in turn appointed judge, from which time Mr. Goulding remained alone in business.

Soon after he left the law school Professor Washburn said to a Worcester friend, "I have sent a young man to Worcester who will be heard from." He began practice in the office of Hon. George F. Hoar, who employed him to aid in preparing some law questions for the Supreme Judicial Court and arguing them there, in doing which he displayed such marked ability that the attention of Mr. Dewey, who was looking for a partner, was drawn to him, resulting in the connection above noted. This is an instance not so common in life as in story, of a young man whose eminence is foreseen, and then assured, by a display of capacity on some important occasion. During his entire practice Mr. Goulding had abundant employment of the highest class, and for many years he had a business which has never been excelled in importance in the County

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