Acre, siege of by Ibrahim in 1831, iv. 280; taken in 1840, 332. Adair, Sir R., arranges armistice between Dutch and Belgians, iv. 244 and #. Adam, Sir John, his expulsion of Mr. Silk Buckingham from India, vi. 149. Adams, Dr., counsel for king in 1820, ii.
Adams, a retired soldier, one of the Cato
Street conspirators, i. 437; turns king's evidence, 439.
Addington, Dr., Lord Sidmouth's father, i. 297.
Addington, Henry (afterwards Lord Sid- mouth), increase of house and window taxes by, v. 426.
Addison, i. 211; his views on the stamp- duty on newsp pers, 257.
Address, amendments to in 1833, iii. 373; in 1834, 447 in 1835, iv. 12; in 1836. 161; ministerial defeat on the, in 1841.
Adelaide. See Australia, South. Administration, the Aberdeen, its charac-
ter, v. 473 dissensions in, vi. 23; de- feated, 51; its disagreement on the war,
Administration, the first Derby, its inex- perience, v. 452; its reputation in- creased by the Militia Bill, 454; aban- donment of protection by, 462; defeated on the Budget, 471.
Administration, the Grey, aristocratic character of, iii. 195; unpopularity of in 1033, 423; dissensions in, in 1833, 459; its defeat on the Reform Bill, iv. 251. Administration, Liverpool, defeated in 1816 on property tax, i. 336; and on other sub- jects, 337; their repressive measures in 1817, 354; their press prosecutions, 377; their weakness in 1819, 402; members of, scattered through Europe on eve of Peterloo, 419; their advice to the Regent after Peterloo, 426; decide on proceed- ings against the queen, ii. 44; contempt felt for, after the queen's trial, 63; contempt for, in 1821, 114; dissensions in, 174; compared by Brougham to the strings of a harpsichord, alternate black and white, 286; characteristics of, 343. Administration, the Goderich, vi. 142. Administration, the Melbourne, defeated in 1838, iv. 145; disrepute of, 157; re- signs, 172; resumes office, 175; recon- stituted, 194; final defeat of, 226. Administration, the Russell, popularity of, in 1850, v. 419; defeated on Locke King's franchise motion, 428; res gns, 428; endeavours vainly to form a coali- tion with the Peelites. 428; resumes office, 429; defeated on the Budget, 432; and on the spirit duties, 433; weakened seriously by Palmerston's dismissal, 446; final defeat of, 450. Administration, the Wellington, vi. 141,
Admiralty, Registrarship of Court of, i. 129; salaries of secretaries to, 338.
Admiralty, Droits of, their amount in the reign of George III., ii. 89, 90. Admiralty, Lords of, attack on their sala- ries, ii. 139; the two junior Lordships abolished, 139.
Adoomansoo, M'Carthy's defeat on, ii. 214. Adrianople, the Peace of, iii. 144; treaty of, vi. 21.
Advocate, the Lord (Dundas), his bill for regulating the expenditure of the royal boroughs, ii. 334.
Afghanistan, complications in, referred to, iv. 194; first English mission to, vi. 94; condition of, in 1836, 157; the war in, 167; proclaimed quiet, 177; cost of the occupation of, 179.
Afif Bey, his mission to Jerusalem, vi. 8. Africa, horrors of the slave-trade in, iv. 402. Agnew, Vans, murder of, vi. 228. Agra, capture of, vi. 84. Agricultural classes, the, their distress in 1821, i 100; its causes, 100; it pro- motes the cause of Reform, 337; their impatience in 1821, 106; their demands, 107; they suggest the repudiation of the debt, 119; repeal of taxes on ponies and mules carried by them, 152; they regain prosperity, 158, 182; their distress in 1829, 430; and in 1830, iii. 179; riots among, 180, 195.
Agricultural Committee, the, Holme Sum- ner carries a motion for, ii. 103; Robin- son limits its functions, 103; Gooch re- vives, 104; the committee report against the agriculturists, 105; a new committee appointed in 1822, 108; and in 1836, iv. 83; which fails to report, 83. Agricultural horse tax, Curwen carries its repeal, ii. 106; repeal of tax on ponies and mules, 152.
Agricultural distress, amendments respect- ing, to the Address of 1850, v. 226. Agricultural Society, Royal, iv. 398; its extraordinary advice to labourers, v.
Agriculture, improvements in, i. 144, 145; beneficial effects of the war on, 329; distress of classes engaged in, in 1816, 339, 343; population dependent on, in England and Ireland, iii. 248; depressed state of in 1833, 436; committee on, 437; state of in 1836, iv. 80; depressed state of, in 1845, v. 53; effect of free trade on, 151; depressed state of, after the accession of George IV., vi. 340; its effect on emigration, 341. Ahmednugger, capture of, vi. 85. Akbar, character of his conquests in India, vi. 72.
Akbar Khan arranges terms with Mac- nachten, vi. 185; shoots him, 186; en- deavours to protect the fugitives from Cabul, 188; besieges Sale at Jellalabad, 191; retreats, 192; routed by Pollock,
Albermarle, Lord, reception of regiment in which he was serving, after Waterloo, i. 196.
Albert, Prince. See Consort, Prince. Albuquerque, abolition of Suttee by, vi. 139.
Alcohol, the use of, iv. 443; an Arabic discovery, 445.
Aldborough, corrupt condition of, iv. 37. Ale, the national drink of Englishmen, iv. 442.
Aleppo, earthquake at, iii. 93. Alessandria, the Spanish Constitution pro- claimed at, iii. 23.
Alexander, Czar of Russia, his character, i. 14; his views of government, 15; at Troppau, iii. 19; shrinks from a war with Turkey, 41; his opinions on the Spanish question, 44, 46, 48; at Verona, 47; his reluctance to interfere in Greece, 94; his death, 104.
Alexander 11., Czar, his accession, vi.
Alexander the Great, character of his con- quests, vi. 72.
Alexander's 'Johnny Gibb of Gushet- neuk" referred to, v. 312 n. Algeria, the French campaign in, v. 350. Algiers, description of, i. 200-202; Xi- menes' expedition against, 200; Charles V.'s expedition against, 201; burned by the French, 201; ultimatum delivered to, 203; expedition against, 204; bom- barded, 206, 207; French expedition to, iii. 162.
Alibaud fires at Louis Philippe, iv. 314. Alien Act, the, i. 396; of 1818, 396. Aliens Removal Bill, v. 191.
Ali Moorad, vi. 210.
Ali Pacha obtains the pachalic of Tricala, iii. 39; slain, 42.
Alison, Sir A., his erroneous views on finance, i. 406; his opinion of Lord Londonderry, iv. 14 .; his opinion on Belgium, 242 n.; his views on Poland, 269; his views on Portugal, 290 n.; his inference on the effect of the Austral.an gold discovery, v. 462. Aliwal, battle of, vi. 223.
Alee Shah placed on the throne of Oudh, vi. 245; treaty of 1837 with, 246; not informed of its abrogation, 248; Slee- man's description of him, 252; deposed,
Alliance, the Holy, formed by Alexander,
i. 14; iii. 18, 41; its objects become plain in 1820, 25.
Allotments first made to the poor, iii. 323. Allyghur, battle of, vi. 84. Alma, battle of the, vi. 33. Althorp, Lord (afterwards Spencer, Earl of), his early career, ii. 299; moves for an inquiry into the state of Ireland, 300: opposes Canning in 1827, 354; suggested for chair of finance committee, 371; sup- ports amendment to the address in 1830, 434; in favour of moderate economy, 439; suggests the imposition of an in- come tax, 445; selected for the lead of the Whigs, 446; declares Navarino the necessary consequence of the Treaty of
London, iii. 132; meeting at his cham- bers in October 1830, 182; accepts the Chancellorship of the Exchequer, 192; defends the pensioners on the Civil List, 200; his economical reforms, 202; his Budget, 202; suggests an immediate dis- solution. 212; his reply to the address of the Birmingham Union, 224; objects to the creation of Peers, 236; suggests Local Courts, 286 m.; his opinion re- specting the Bankruptcy Bill, 290; his Game Bill, 301; elected for Nor- thamptonshire, 357; his views on the Speakership in 1833, 365 n.; differs from Stanley on Irish subjects, 369; objects to Stanley's Irish Bill, 374; introduces Irish Church Bill, 375; resigns, 378; introduces Coercion Act, 378; refuses to postpone Church Bill, 382; his speech on Buxton's slave motion, 407; asks Buxton to defer his motion, 410; amends Ashley's Factory Bill, 423; his silence in 1833, 424; his decreasing influence, 424; his failure as a financier, 425; his Budget of 1831, 426; his Budget of 1832, 427; his Budget of 1833, 428; opposes reduction of malt-tax, 429; his amend- ment on Key's motion, 430; his motion carried, 431; proposes to repeal the house-tax, 434; his Budget of 1834, 435; his reasons for repealing the house-tax, 437; introduces new Poor Law, 447; carries it, 448; his conduct respecting Hill's speech at Hull, 450; supports O'Connell on Baron Smith's case, 453; his speech on the Tithe Bill, 459; desires to resign, 460; defeated on proposal re- specting London and Westminster Bank, 460 n.; sanctions interview between Littleton and O'Connell, 464; consents to Coercion Bill, 466; induced to re- main in office, 468; his speech on the Coercion Bill, 469; his indifference on defeat, 474; his character, 478, 479; becomes Lord Spencer, 480; his Tithe Bills, iv. 67; a member of the Useful Knowledge Society, 74; refuses to re- duce the tax on newspapers, 75; his Church Rate Bill, 90; issues Irish Poor Law Commission, 146; his opinion of Russian Dutch Loan, 257; his reticence on Polish policy, 279; his motion on impressment, 432; his reduction of the coal duties revoked, v. 14; his Bank Charter Act, 37; his bill for the aboli- tion of Church rates, 266; his repeal of the house-tax, 426.
Alvanley, Lord, denounces Lichfield House Compact, iv. 25; attacked by O'Connell, 26; his duel, 26, 31 n.
Ambassadors, privileges of, v. 354. Amber, connection of, with electrical re- search, v. 63.
America, discovery of, 100; effect of the
discovery of, on the price of the precious metals, v. 460; causes of the original emigration to, vi. 338. See also United States.
America, ill-treatment of a slave named,
iii. 392. Amherst, Earl of, accepts a mission to Canada, iv. 119; Governor-General of India, vi. 123; his war with Burma, 126; recalled, 130; opposed to the Com- pany's regulations respecting batta, 134; his policy towards the native press, 149; his loan from Oudh, 243. Ampère, his electro-magnetic experiments, v. 67
Anæsthetics, introduction of, vi. 397. Ancona, French expedition to, iv. 266. Anderson, Lieutenant, murder of, vi. 222. Anderson, the author of the "History of Commerce," i. 224.
Andover workhouse scandal, iv. 365. Angerstein, J. Julius, his pictures sold to the nation, ii. 163, 164.
Anglesey, no contest in, for fifty years, i. 119.
Anglesey, Lord, his place at the corona- tion, ii. 72; Master of Ordnance, 356; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 375; coun- sels concessions to the Catholics, 394, 400; denounces unlawful assemblies, 399; recommends agitation, 402; his remark on the disfranchisement of the 40s. free- holders, 420; Lord-Lieutenant of Ire- land, iii. 333; his law appointments in 1830, 334, 335; his reception in Dublin, 335; stops procession of trades, 336; his delight at O'Connell's conviction, 339; differs from Stanley, 368; commu- nicates with Cloncurry, 368; his Irish policy, 368; proposed for Ordnance Office, 369; resigns the Lord-Lieuten- ancy, 449.
Animals, cruelty to, first law for prevent-
ing, ii. 147; treatment of, iii. 294; Mar- tin's Bill for kind treatment of, 296; Society for preventing cruelty to, 296. Anne, the ferocious Acts of, ii. 238. Annuities, New, formed, v. 30. Annuity, the dead weight, Vansittart creates, ii. 120; folly of, 121; its failure,
Anson, Admiral, i. 189.
Anson, General, the criticisms on, vi. his death, 311.
Antioch, earthquake at, iii. 93. Antigua abolishes apprenticeship system, iv. 169.
Antwerp occupied by the Dutch, iv. 243; siege of, by the French, 259.
Appa Sahib, treachery of, vi. 116; de- feated, 118.
Appeals and wagers of battle, ii. 135; their abolition, 136.
Appleby, Lord Lonsdale's borough, i. 118 1. Tierney sits for, 317. Apprentices, parish, i. 162, 163. Apprentices in the West Indies, slaves converted into, by Stanley's Bill, iii. 412, 413; treatment of, iv. 164; Sir G. Grey's Bill for improving lot of, 168. Apples, duty on, v. 14.
Aquila, Cou..t, favoured by Aberdeen as
a suitor for Queen Isabella, v. 357; marries a Brazilian princess, 359. Aracan, its conquest by the Burmese, vi. 124; defeat of the British in, 127; con- quered and annexed, 128.
Arbuthnot, Right Hon. C., appointed to the Woods and Forests, ii. 131. Archdale, John, case of, iii. 359 n. Arches, Court of, v. 262.
Arden, Lord, his sinecure, i. 129.
Argyil, Duke of, marries the Duchess of Hamilton, i. 70; his bill in behalf of the General Assembly, v. 316; Lord Pr.vy Seal, 472.
Arkwright, Sir R., his invention of the water-frame, i. 52, 112, 147; synchronous with Adam Smith's researches, 215; his origin, 381; effect of his inventions on politics, ii. 320; his water-frame, iii. 267. Arms Act, the Irish, of 1822, ii. 274; of 1843, V. 100; motion for its renewal in 1846 withdrawn, 159.
Arms, seizure of, bill for the, i. 431. Army, the, i. 191; history of, 191; un- popularity of, 191-194; gradual increase of, 195; patronage in, 195; Roman Catholics excluded from, ii. 246; the Talents Ministry desire to open to Pa- pists, 248; weakness of, in 1823, iii. 79; reduction of after the Peace, 269; regimental libraries provided for the, iv. 428; suppression of duelling in the, 440. See also Estimates, Soldiers. Arnold, Dr., his view of German competi- tion, v. 3 n.; his share in the religious discussions at Oriel College, 259; his opinion of the Tractarians, 275 n.; Broad Church views of, 280.
Artisans, Act for preventing emigration of, ii. 177; its failure, 177. See also Com- bination Acts.
Arthur, Sir G., Lieut.-Governor of Upper Canada, iv. 128.
Arundel, borough of, i. 122; Romilly, member for, 332.
Ashburton, Lord (Dunning), Bentham's "Fragment of Government" attributed to, i. 218.
Ashburton, Lord (Baring), sent as special commissioner to the United States, v. 335; his treaty with Secretary Webster,
Ashford, Mary, murdered, ii. 136. Ashford, William, "appeals" Thornton for Mary Ashford's murder, ii. 136. Ashley, Lord (afterwards Earl of Shaftes- bury, which see), introduces a Factory Bill, iii. 421; gives it up. 423; obtains the appointment of the Children's Employ- ment Commi-sion, iv. 372; his declara- tion on duelling, 440; his bill of 1842 on the mining labour question, v. 71 ; carries an address to the Crown on the educa- tion question, 73; his endeavours to secure the ten hours' clause, 76; his bill to regulate labour in print-works, 77; defeated at the general election in 1847, 78; resigns his seat, 137; his motion to
suppress the opium trade, vi. 198; obli- ation of England to, 404. Ashantees, the, their position in Africa, ii. 212; defeat M'Carthy, 214; defeated by Purdon, 215.
Ashwell's Life of Bishop Wilberforce re- ferred to, v. 284 n.
Assam, its conquest by the Burniese, vi. 124 conquered and annexed by the British, 128.
Assaye, battle of, i. 287; vi. 84.
Assessed taxes, the, their amount in 1792, i. 39; reduced in 1823, ii. 152; reduc- tion of, iii. 428; Sir J. Key's motion for repeal of, 430; their pressure, 430; their inequalities, 430; reductions in, 434; difficulties in collecting, 434; re- peal of house-tax, 436.
Assiento treaty, the, vi. 332.
Association, the Catholic, its formation, ii. 296; its increasing boldness, 302; bill for suppressing, 304; bill fails, 307; its agitation after the Clare election, 393; bill for suppressing, 406.
Association, National, formation of in Ireland, iv. 85; attacked by Tories, 86. Associations, popularity of, in 1841, iv. 398.
Aston, Arthur (afterwards Sir), intrigues against the French at the Spanish Court, - v. 355.
Athlone, Tierney sits for, i. 317. Attwood, Thomas, founder of Birmingham
Political Union, iii. 177, 224; elected for Birmingham, 358; threatens the Lords with extinction, iv. 43 n.; his speech against the Poor Law, 365: sup- ports the Chartists, 386; condemns the Local Police Bill, 387.
Auchterarder case, v. 310. Auckland, Lord, made First Lord of the Admiralty, iii. 461; Afghan policy of, v. 16; First Lord of the Admiralty under Russell, 154; appointed Governor- General, vi. 156; decides on replacing Dost Mahommed with Shah Sooja, 162; his proclamation, 165; his treatment of Scinde, 168; made an earl, 174; effect of the Afghanistan disasters on his policy, 192; appoints Sir G. Pollock to com- mand, 192; his treaty with Oudh, 246; conceals its abrogation from the Nawab, 248; his advisers in the Afghan war, 301. Auction duty repealed, v. 46. Aurungzebe, character of his conquests in India, vi. 72.
Austen, Jane, i. 252-256. Austerlitz, its consequences, i. 21, III. Austin, William, his parentage, i. 279; adopted by Princess of Wales, ii. 19, 38. Australasia, extent of the British posses- sions in, vi. 348.
Australia, its population in 1816, i. 101; emigration to, iii. 324, 329; transporta- tion to, iv. 410; discovery of gold in, v. 459; first occupation of, by England, vi. 350; failure of the convict settlement in, 353; free settlers sent out to, 353;
immorality and intemperance in, 354; sheep-breeding in, 355; exploration of, 356; the whole of, claimed by England, 358; development of, 362; extinction of the native races in, 368; abolition of transportation to, 371; grant of auto- nomy to, 376; the gold discoveries in, 378. Australia, Northern, the proposal to found a penal colony in, vi. 373.
Australia, South, taken possession of, vi. 356; colonisation of, 361; grant of a constitution to, 376.
Australia, Western, taken possession of, vi. 356; settled, 359; transportation to, 374 grant of a constitution to, 377. Austria, effects of the Revolutionary War upon, i. 6, 7; her losses during the war, 8, 9; her acquisitions in 1815, 10; her exhaustion, 10; Venice allotted to, 15; her interest in the Neapolitan revolu tion, iii. 18; occupies Naples, 22; re- calls Ambassador from Lisbon, 31; her contests with Turkey, 36; abdication of the Emperor of, v. 400; annexa- tion of Cracow by, 368; effects of the French Revolution on, 392; ap- peals to Palmerston, 394; declines to make any cession of territory, 398; de- mands the surrender of the Hungarian refugees in Turkey, 406; compels Tur- key to abandon the occupation of Mon- tenegro, vi. 2; recognises Napoleon III., 8; alarm of, at the Russian occu- pation of the principalities, 17; approves the French note, 18; extent of her pro- tection of Catholics in Turkey, 21; asks Russia to accept the Turkish amend- ments of the Vienna note, 22; presses the acceptance of the note on the Porte, 22; promises to support a summons to Russia to evacuate the principalities, 28; her interest in the question, 29; concludes a defensive alliance with Prussia, 53; her treaty of Dec. 2 with the Western Powers, 55; refuses to take part in the war, 60; concerts terms of peace, 63; presents them as an ultimatum to Russia, 63. Austria, Emperor of, attends at Troppau, iii. 19; at Verona, 47 ; interferes in Italy, iv. 263; the success of his troops, 264; at Toplitz, 312; demands withdrawal of refugees from Switzerland, 314 n.; atti- tude of, on Eastern question in 1837, 315.
Austrian loan, part repayment of, ii. 159. Ava, King of. See Burma.
Avon, the river, its advantage to Bristol, i. 68.
Aylesbury, enlargement of the borough boundaries, ii. 328.
Aylmer, Lord, Governor General of Canada, recalled, iv. 120.
BABER, character of his conquests in India, vi. 72.
Bacon, Lord, his use of the word “militia,” V. 447 2.
Baden demands withdrawal of refugees from Switzerland, iv. 314 ”. Badlee Serai, the victory at, vi. 312. Bagot, Bishop, his appointment, iii. 270 n. ; extra-episcopal appointments, v. 257; demands the suppression of Tract XC., 276. Bagot, Sir C., minister at St. Petersburg, iii. 92; attends Conference at St. Peters- burg, 95.
Bajee Rao (see Peishwa) signs the treaty of Bassein, vi. 84; replaced on his throne, 84; his quarrel with the Guic- war, 116; his war with the British, 117: annexation of his territory, 119; his adoption of the Nana Sahib, 305. Baker, Sir R., police magistrate in London, removed for conduct at queen's funeral, ii. 78.
Bakewell, his improvements in agriculture,
Balaklava, situation of, vi. 39; battle of,
Ballot, motions for the, iv. 381. Baltimore, Lord, vi. 333.
Bamford, "the Radical," his arrest in 1817, i. 384 ".; his conviction and sen- tence, 425 n.
Bamford, Samuel, renounces Chartism, iv. 381.
Bandon Bridge, Tierney sits for, i. 317. Bangor, the intended union of, with St. Asaph, v. 260.
Bank Act of 1844, its passage, v. 34; con- nection of, with the crisis of 1847, 177; its suspension, 180; policy of the mea- sure, 182.
Bank of England, founded by Paterson, i. 41; its history and privileges, 41; its suspension of cash payments (see also Cash Payments and Currency), 42, 396; forgeries on, ii. 143; its position in 1825, 191; the advice of its directors in 1825, 192; assents to the formation of joint- stock banks, 200; consents to make advances on goods, 203; revised charter granted to, iii. 423; its efforts in 1836 to prevent a crisis, iv. 356; revision of its charter in 1844, V. 34; scarcity of bullion at the, in 1837, 38; its position in 1846-47, 178; creates a panic by re- fusing advances, 180; resumes business without infringing the charter, 181; charges 8 per cent. discount, 183 n. Bank of Ireland, Peel's reform of the, v.
his amendment to the Corn Bill of 1827, 437; defeated in Dorsetshire, iii. 214; his Bill to prevent the purchase of game, 300; his opposition to the repeal of the auction duties, v. 48.
Bankhead, Dr., attends Lord Londonderry in his last illness, ii. 126.
Banking in England and Scotland, differ- ence between, ii. 200.
Banking system, the, v. 34; history of legislation affecting the, 35.
Bankruptcies in 1817, i. 367; in 1818,
Bankruptcy, cases in, adjudicated by the Chancellor, iii. 281; Brougham's Bill for, 289, 290.
Bankruptcy laws, iv. 419.
Banks, country, their failure in 1825, ii. 192; bill to restrict the issue of their small notes, 194.
Banks, joint-stock, increase of, ii. 200; for- mation of, iv. 355; committee of 1836, v. 37, 38.
Bantry, Lord, his battle with the White- boys, ii. 272.
Barbadoes, Lord Seaforth Governor of, i. 130; riots in, iii. 397; abolishes appren- ticeship system, iv. 169.
Barbarossa, Horuc and Hayradin, their
piracies and achievements, i. 200, 201. Barbary, the States of (see also Algiers), i.
Barcelona, the fever at, iii. 33.
Baree Doab Canal, vi. 263 n. Baring, A. (afterwards Lord Ashburton), his opposition to the Small Notes Bíl in 1826, ii. 198; undertakes the Chan- cellorship of the Exchequer, iii. 241; gives it up, 242.
Baring, Right Hon. F. (afterwards Lord Northbrook), answers Boyd's currency pamphlet, i. 396; Secretary to the Trea- sury, iii. 461; Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, iv. 194; his Budget of 1840, 218; votes for a committee on the corn law, 397; his Budget of 1841, v. 8; opposes Peel's income-tax, 12.
Barker, M., Consul at Alexandria, iii.
Barlow, Sir G., concludes peace with the Mahratta powers, vi. 90; his Governor- Generalship cancelled by the Cabinet, 90; his endeavour to compromise the dispute with the Ghoorkas, 106. Barnard, Sir J., his Playhouse Bill, iii. 305-307.
Barnard, Sir Henry, defeats the mutineers and lays siege to Delhi, vi. 312; his death, 312.
Barnes, Thomas, editor of the Times, i. 258; iii. 475.
Barnstaple, bribery at, in 1818, ii. 324: Lord J. Russell desires to disfranchise,
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