BUTLER MENACES PETERSBURG AND RICHMOND. 27 575 28 pushed forward to possess and secure | prehension by Gillmore's withdrawthe peninsula between the James and al. When, therefore, the first resothe Appomattox, known as Bermuda lute effort was made " to cut the railHundreds. Next day, Gen. Smith road, some portion either of the North moved out toward the railroad from or South Carolina forces had already Richmond to Petersburg, but failed arrived; and, when it was renewed, to strike it. On the 7th, Gen. Smith, the enemy had been materially with his own and part of Gillmore's strengthened. Still, the advantage corps, struck the railroad near Port of numbers was clearly on our side; Walthall junction, and commenced and the enemy was forced to uncover destroying it; having to fight D. H. the railroad, which was destroyed for Hill, but with advantage to our side; some distance; our troops pressing while Col. West's cavalry, having southward to Swift creek, three miles forded the Chickahominy, arrived from Petersburg. But now, deceived opposite City Point. After breaking by fresh, joyful, but hardly truthful, up the railroad for some distance, Washington advices, Butler turned Gen. Butler, misled by advices from his face northward, to participate in Washington that Gen. Lee was beat- the expected speedy capture of Richen and in full retreat on Richmond mond; pushing his lines gradually up -which would have brought him to Proctor's creek, whence the enemy down suddenly in overwhelming force withdrew 29 to an intrenched line beon this army-drew back within his hind it, which Gen. Gillmore flanked, intrenchments, which he was engaged and which was to have been assaultin strengthening for the apprehended ed; but our troops had been so disemergency. The fact that his two persed that the requisite force was. corps commanders did not cordiall not at hand; so the attack was decöoperate, while Gillmore did not ferred till next morning. execute his orders so promptly and But Beauregard - whom Butler vigorously as he deemed fit, somewhat supposed still at or below Petersincreased the inevitable perplexities burg, unable to get up-was of the commander's critical position. hand, with a formidable force, and Had Butler been directed to move intent on making himself disagreeat once on Petersburg, he could able. A dense fog shrouded every hardly have failed to capture that thing, when, before daylight, our city-there being no considerable sleeping soldiers on the front were Rebel force then in lower Virginia-startled by a grand crash of artillery and might have been enabled to hold it; separating, for a time, the Rebel capital and Lee's army from the South proper. But, the first astounding news of his movement up the James summoned Beauregard by telegraph from Charleston, with all the forces that could be scraped from that region-now relieved of all apMay 9. 27 May 7. 28 30 on and musketry. Our forces had been so disposed that there was over a mile of open country between our right and the James, merely picketed by 150 cavalry; and Beauregard, having made careful observations before dark, attempted at once to assault in front, to turn this flank, and to strike heavily our left with a diviMay 16. 29 May 13. 30 sion under Gen. Whiting, which he had left on the Petersburg side of the gap in the railroad. The attempt to turn our right was at first a decided success. Heckman's brigade, here posted, was surprised and overwhelmed. The enemy gained the rear of this flank, and was carrying all before him, when he met the 112th New York-one of three Gillmore regiments which Butler had fortunately sent to Smith as a support to his long, thin line. Joined on the instant by the 9th Maine, this regiment held the road-junction which the enemy were pressing on to seize, and stubbornly refused to move. The Rebel commander, disconcerted by this unexpected resistance, and reluctant to advance in the fog to unknown and incalculable perils, desisted and withdrew. The front of Smith's line, held by the divisions of Brooks and Weitzel, was impetuously assailed; but Smith, having found a quantity of telegraph wire lying idle, had resolved to make a precautionary use of it, by directing his men to stretch it tightly along their front, winding it occasionally around a tree or stump, at a height of two or three feet from the ground. The assaulting enemy, rushing blindly upon this in their charge, pitched headlong over it, and were shot or bayoneted ere they could regain their feet. Their attack in front was thus repulsed-the assailants recoiling with loss. Whiting, who was to have struck Gillmore on our left, failed, for some reason, to do so; hence, Gillmore stood in idle expectancy, until Smith drew back, when he did likewise. We had lost in this collision about 4,000 men; the Rebels at least 3,000. Beauregard cautiously followed up, and erected a line of works across the peninsula in front of ours; so that Gen. Butler wrote to Gen. Grant that he was "bottled up" a remark that the Lieutenant-General, rather inconsiderately, adopts in his report of the campaign. So long as our navy and transports held undisputed possession of the rivers, enabling Butler to launch his troops in any direction but directly northward, the remark had but little pertinence or force; as the unobstructed and ready withdrawal," soon afterward, of Smith's corps to reenforce the Army of the Potomac, sufficiently proves. When that detachment was required, Butler was on the point of striking that determined blow at Petersburg which should have been his first, and, but for misinformation as to Lee's discomfiture, probably would have been successful. There was further fighting along Gen. Butler's front, on the 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st, with considerable loss on each side; but without decisive results. Gen. Terry's line was forced back on the 20th, but rëestablished next day. And Gen. Kautz, who had been sent on a cavalry raid to cut the railroads leading southward and westward from Petersburg, acting with caution, achieved but a moderate. success; cutting the Danville road at Coalfield, Powhattan, and Chula, but failing to destroy the iron bridge at May 30-31. Beauregard thereupon renewed his effort to turn our right; sending a large force, and directing it to make a farther detour; which was done, and Smith thereby compelled to fall back. 31 GRANT ADVANCES TO THE NORTH ANNA. 577 Matoax, which was strongly guard- | front, on Griffin's division, made at 5 Gen. Grant's flanking advance from Spottsylvania to the North Anna was admirably planned and executed without loss-a single blow aimed by Hill at the front of Wright's (6th) corps, just before it started" to cover the movement, being easily repelled. | But, as our movement was easily detected from the higher ground held by Lee, and as his position covered the direct and best road leading straight to Richmond, compelling Grant to make a considerable detour eastward and move by inferior roads, it was inevitable on our part that, on approaching" the North Anna, near the crossing of the Fredericksburg railroad, our army should find its old antagonist planted across that stream, in an admirable position, covering the Central road (on which Breckinridge, having beaten Sigel in the Valley, was now hurrying down to rëenforce Lee), and prepared to dispute resolutely its farther advance. Warren, on our right, crossed that afternoon at Jericho ford, the enemy being in slender force in his immediate presence; but they were very soon strengthened, and an attack in May 17. May 6. 32 VOL. II.-37 33 P. M. by Wilcox's and Heth's divisions (six brigades) of Hill's corps, but promptly and effectually repulsed with loss to the enemy; who thereupon sent Brown, with three brigades, to turn our right. This maneuver was well executed; the blow falling on Cutler's division while getting into position, crushing in his left, and throwing the whole into confusion. Pressing swiftly to their right, the charging column struck the right of Griffin's division, which was saved by refusing that flank, while Bartlett's brigade was hurried forward to its support. In making this advance, the 83d Pennsylvania, Lt.-Col. McCoy, swept closely past the flank of Brown's column, when McCoy instantly wheeled his forward companies into line, and gave a volley, which, delivered at close quarters on the flank and rear of the Rebel column, threw it into utter disorder and rout: one of McCoy's men seizing Brown by the collar and dragging him into our lines, while nearly 1,000 of his men were gathered up as prisoners. Our loss here was but 350, and the enemy's attack was completely foiled. Warren established and intrenched his lines without farther resistance. Gen. Hancock struck the North Anna at the Chesterfield bridge, a mile above the Fredericksburg railroad, where he was confronted by McLaws's division of Longstreet's corps, mainly across the river, but holding an ugly fortification or bridgehead on this side; which, at 6 P. M., after a vigorous fire from three sections of artillery, was stormed and carried by Pierce's and Egan's brig ades of Birney's division, who swept over the plain on the double-quick, disregarding the heavy fire of its defenders, swarmed over the parapet, and drove out the garrison, capturing 30, with a total loss of 150. Repeated efforts by the enemy to burn the bridge during the ensuing night were baffled; and in the morning it was discovered that they had retreated; when Hancock quietly crossed and established himself on the south side; as Wright, following Warren, had done at Jericho ford the night before. The passage of the river thus seemed to be triumphantly and cheaply effected; but the appearance was delusive. The river was barely fordable at different points, with high, rocky banks; and Lee had chosen a strong position, with both flanks drawn back; his right covered by marshes; his left resting on Little river; his front on the North Anna narrow and strong; our army being situated much as his was at Gettysburg, when Meade was able to throw divisions and corps from right to left to breast a coming shock, or strike a return blow, in half the time that Lee required to countervail the movement. So, when Burnside, approaching the river half way between our right and left wings, attempted to cross, his advance division (Crittenden's) was promptly repelled with heavy loss; and when Warren attempted to connect with Burnside by pushing Crawford's division down the south bank of the river, he in turn was assailed in overwhelming force, and was with difficulty extricated. Grant paused and pondered, and studied and planned; but Lee's position was absolutely invulnerable, or only to be wrested from good soldiers with an enormous disparity of force, and by a frightful sacrifice of life. After deliberate and careful reconnoissances, continued throughout two days, an assault was forborne, and our army, cautiously with FLANK MOVEMENT TO COLD HARBOR. 36 579 drawing at nightfall from the ene- | 800-doubtless stimulated the genemy's front, rëcrossed the river unas ral eagerness for battle. A reconsailed, and, after pushing well east to noissance in force along our front avoid another charge on the flank of was accordingly made; developing its long columns while extended in the enemy's position across Tolopomovement, again turned southward tomy creek, with its right on the and took the road to Richmond: the Mechanicsville pike, near Bethesda 6th corps in advance, followed in church, where Col. Hardin's brigade succession by the 5th, 9th, and 2d: of Reserves, Crawford's division, was Hancock not starting till next morn-struck" on its flank by Rhodes's diing; when Sheridan, with our cavalry in the advance, was, after a march of 22 miles, approaching the Pamunkey at Hanovertown. Wright's corps crossed directly, and took post to cover the fords; Warren's and Burnside's were over the next morning;" Hancock crossed almost four miles higher; so that our whole army was south of the Pamunkey without loss, and in unobstructed communication with its new base at White House. vision of Ewell's corps, and hurried back to the Shady Grove road; where Crawford, bringing up the remainder of the Reserves and Kitching's brigade (of Warren's corps), repulsed Rhodes, and established our left on the Mechanicsville pike. Meantime, Hancock, on our right, had been stopped, after heavy skirmishing, at the Tolopotomy, finding the enemy in his front too strong and too well covered by defenses and a swamp; while Burnside had come into position on his left, and Wright on his right. Reconnoissances showed the enemy's position so unassailable in front that no course seemed open but an attempt to flank its right, crossing the Chickahominy opposite or just below COLD HARBOR; a focus of roads which Sheridan had seized,40 after a brief skirmish, and on which the 6th corps, moving in the rear from our right to our left, was immediately directed; reaching it next day-just before Gen. W. F. Smith, with 10,000 men detached from Butler's army, and brought around by steamboats to White House, came up and took post on its right; and the two were met here by orders from Meade to advance and repel the enemy in their front, with a view to forcing a passage of the Chicka Lee had, as usual, a much shorter road, and was already in position on our new front; his army facing north-eastward, covering both railroads as well as the road to Richmond, and rendering it hazardous, if not impossible, to cross the Chickahominy on his right so as to interpose between him and the Confederate capital. Grant had shown at the North Anna his aversion to sacrificing the lives of his men when there was a practicable alternative; but now it seemed that the great object of the campaign positively required a disregard of the advantages of position possessed by the enemy. A spirited fight at Hawes's shop, on our front, wherein Sheridan, with the brigades of Davies, Gregg, and Custer, met and worsted the Rebel troopers under Fitzhugh Lee and Hamptonour loss being 400, and the enemy's hominy. 36 35 May 26. 37 May 28. 38 May 28, P. M. 38 |