Wäre das Wahre auch neu Wäre das Neue auch wahr. All that is historically correct in Capt. Smith's narrative may have been borrowed by him from Knolles, and all that is new in his book and not to be found in other authors may not be true, but have been invented by the captain to embellish his tale. Indeed, everything seems to point to one conclusion, viz., that the True Travels and Adventures' is a pseudo-historical romance, with Capt. Smith for its author and principal hero; and one feels inclined to suspect that he has not been at all to the south-east of Europe. the captain's case before the reader, to enable him know, published Smith's Adventures' in 1625, to decide how far Mr. Palfrey, the historian of and the Hungarian and Transylvanian events were New England, is correct, when stating that ". a by then pretty well known in England, as Knolles's comparison of Smith's narrative with the authentic General Historie of the Turkes' had, in 1621, history of the south-east of Europe leads to con- already reached its third edition. When reading clusions on the whole favourable to its credit."* of Smith's wonderful doings, of battles and sieges, With regard to Ferneza, I have been at special some of them not recorded elsewhere, one cannot pains to discover the smallest scrap of evidence help repeating Schiller's well-known lines:which would convince us that he ever existed in flesh and blood; but my labour has been in vain. No copy of his MS. is known to exist, and it does not appear to have ever been printed, or if so his book has hitherto escaped the notice of bibliographers. On the other hand, if he is a fictitious personage the choice of his nationality must be considered a lucky guess on Capt. Smith's part. As we know, Prince Sigismund was a staunch Roman Catholic, who was carefully brought up by the Jesuits in their own school of thought. Hence during the whole of his reign the disciples of Loyola exerted a most powerful influence upon the doings of the court of Alba Julia. confessor and principal adviser, not only in spiritual but also in political matters, was an Italian priest, Father Cariglia, and after the death of this intriguer another Jesuit, Father Marietti. The black coats were, as usual, followed by crowds of laymen from the Peninsula beyond the Alps, and Sigismund's court soon became wholly Italian. Matters became so serious that Parliament had, in 1591, to interfere and direct the Prince's attention to the enormous sums expended on his foreign favourites, and to call upon him to enforce the stringent measures decided upon by a former Parliament against the Jesuits. His A contemporary writer has preserved us a list of "the names of those Italians who at one time or other have stayed at Sigismund Báthori's Court in Transylvania." But although the list is long, it may not be complete. It includes pages, painters, singers, musicians, a certain "Hannibal Romanus, secretarius Sigismundi, dono datus [sic] illi a nuncio apostolico Alphonso Visconte"; also a horse-trainer, several ball players, manufacturers of tennis balls, fencing masters, a cook, a chirurgeon, and the court fool, Sicilia ("who was well paid"), besides the names of many others. Francesco Ferneza is not mentioned in this list, but, of course, the omission may be accidental, or he may have joined the prince after the latter had left Transylvania for good. On the other hand, it is not impossible, nay it seems very probable, that Ferneza has never been in the employ of the prince, and that his book was compiled in London, perhaps by Capt. Smith himself, in English, and that the editor of the 'Pilgrims' was hoodwinked. Purchas, as we If he ever had been there and taken the meanest part in the events which he professes to describe as an eye-witness, surely his ample stock of motherwit ought to have enabled him to steer clear of the many blunders with which his book literally swarms; and there was no need for his going so far astray from history. LEWIS L. KROPF. (To be continued.) ROBERT BURTON. (See 7th S. vi. 443, 517; vii. 53, 178.) I have now for some time past been too busy to be able to read the delightful 'N. & Q.' so attentively as I should like: but having had of late a little more leisure than usual, I have been revelling these last few days in vols. vi. and vii. of your Seventh Series, which have suggested several notes, and more especially one on dear old Robert Burton. All lovers of Democritus Junior-and who that knows him does not love him ?-owe a deep debt of gratitude to MR. PEACOCK for his most interesting note. There is only one inadvertence in it. After saying, rightly, that "the editions published during Burton's life do not any of them contain a complete text," he proceeds to class the fifth and sixth editions as "perfect." He must surely mean sixth and seventh, as the fifth was published in Burton's lifetime, namely, in 1638. enough, MR. DIXON follows MR. PEACOCK in this inadvertence. Curiously MR. WARREN's letter, also, was very interesting to me-in fact, quite electrified me-for I have the same 1660 edition that he describes, with the same slip over the original publisher's name. I, *History of New England,' vol. i. p. 90. too, have not dared to remove my slip; but I, too, † Szamosközi in the Monumenta Hungariæ His- can read the original imprint, as given by MR. torica.' Scriptores, vol. xxx, p. 76. PEACOCK, by holding the leaf up to a strong light. One remark only I shall make on MR. WARREN'S note. The cavesis is all right, and is in the edition of 1652 also; but it should be written in two words, cave, sis, that is, "take care, if you please." Well, now for a bundle of queries. Can MR. PEACOCK or MR. WARREN, or any other Burtonlover tell us anything about Henry Cripps beyond what is quite clear, that he was the publisher of all the first seven editions of Burton's Anatomy' And why did John Garway put his new slip over the original publisher's name in the edition of 1660? And is anything known of John Garway? And are there any editions of 1660 still to be found with the original publisher's name intact on the title-page! It is, by the way, on the last page. Having been an ardent lover of Democritus Junior for some twenty-two years, I have got access, through the kindness of one of the tutors of Trinity College, Cambridge, to the edition of 1652 in our splendid library, bequeathed by our late vice-master, the Rev. Coutts Trotter, A.M., and I have collated it with my copy of 1660, not word for word throughout, but turning over every page of each pari passu, and looking for crucial tests and endings and beginnings of pages; and I find that to all intents and purposes both editions are substantially the same book, with the exception that the printers' letters at the foot of pages vary, and that the occasional ornamental designs vary, and that the ornamental initial letters at the commencement of each section are throughout different. In these last two matters sometimes I prefer my edition, sometimes I prefer the edition of 1652. The number of pages, too, is the same in both volumes, and generally each page begins and ends with the same word in both; but Occasionally, owing in great measure to the different sizes of the ornamental initial letters, there is a slight rearrangement of text, so that sometimes the last words on a page and the first words on the next page are not quite identical in both editions. Occasionally, too, there are little trifling differences in the spelling of a word, and in these caseswhich are merely accidental, and such as any one acquainted with printing knows would occur even in a fairly well printed book if not carefully revised by an editor or some learned friend for him-sometimes the edition of 1652 has the advantage, sometimes that of 1660. But I am bound to admit in candour that on the whole the edition of 1652 is a little the better printed. I call it the edition of 1652 because that date stands on the title-page, but at the end of the volume we have the date 1651, so that 1651/2 is no doubt the best way of quoting the book. At the same time that I got access to the edition of 1652 I also satisfied my curiosity by carefully perusing the eighth edition, the edition of 1676, also in our Trinity Library. It was plain the reign of Henry Cripps was over. Peter Parker, at the sign of the "Legg and Starr" in Cornhill, turned out very different work. In place of Henry Cripps's editions, which are all handsome, and very similar in get up, though the matter somewhat varies in the first six editions, we have a sober volume, with about half the number of pages of the earlier editions, with about the same number, but hardly the same quality, of ornamental designs, but only about four ornamental initial letters, and a much smaller type, and in two columns to boot, not, as before, proudly_running across the whole page in single column. Ichabod, Ichabod! The glory is departed! Yet a scholar of quiet, sober tastes might enjoy this edition perhaps best for its thin compactness, and for its being, like Pyrrha, simplex munditiis, and let me assure MR. WARREN that it is a faithful copy of the sixth edition, and contains the old cavesis. One more query, and I conclude. How is it that the omnivorous intellectual giant Lord Macaulay, whom it is the fashion to run down nowadays, but who, to quote Mr. Buckle's just words, "will long survive the aspersions of his puny detractors men who, in point of knowledge and ability, are unworthy to loosen the shoe-latchet of him they foolishly attack "-how is it, I say, that Macaulay never seems to mention Burton in any of his writings? It is just the book one would have thought Macaulay would have loved, as did Johnson, and Sterne, and Byron, and Archbishop Herring. ARTHUR R. SHILLETO. Cambridge. TOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES. (Continued from 7th S. viii. 424.) Lichfield.-St. Radegund's Chantry in the Cathedral. Messuages called the Priest's Hall and the Priest's Chamber. (Patent Roll, 3 Edw. VI., part vi.)-Will of Ralph, Lord Basset of Drayton, Jan. 17, 1389: to be buried in St. Cedd's Church, Lichfield, by the altar of St. Nicholas. (Ducarel's Registers of the Archbishops of Canterbury,' Addit. MS. 6073.)-Le Somereforde Street, le Wood Street, le Bore Street, St. John's Street; le Parnelfelde. (Patent Roll, 3 Edw. VI., part vii.) Lincoln.-Order for admission of Robert le Dubber to our Hospital of the holy Innocents for lepers, outside the city of Lincoln, sustained by the Kings of England, to fill the vacancy created by the death of Denise de Tokesford. (Close Roll, 28 Edw. I.)-A messuage in the parish of St. Mary Magdalen, bounded on the south by the tenement of Margaret Ingoldsby, on the north by the tenement of the chantry called Burtonchauntrie, on the east by the king's highway, and on the west by the castle foss and the lane leading to the fountain; which has the tenement of the Cathedral Church of the blessed Mary on the north, the tenement of the chantry which Robert Whaplode has in the Church of St. Peter "ad p'l'ita" on the south, the kitchen of the said chantry on the west, and the common road on the east. (Close Roll, 34 Hen. VI.)-Licence to elect a chaplain (in the room of Lord Richard Sabram, deceased) to the perpetual chantry in Le Irons, next to the steps of the high altar in Lincoln Cathedral, for the soul of Katherine, Duchess of Lancaster. (Patent Roll, 14 Hen. VII., part iii.)-Le Mallandrie, within the suburbs of Lincoln. (Close Roll, 1-2 Phil. et Mar., part ii.) the east, Common Chare behind, and the tenement of Thomas Pattensone, on the south. Tenement at Gatyshed, bounded by Sowchare on the north, Kynges Street on the west, to Akwell Gate backwardes. (Ibid., 1–2 Phil. et Mar., part i.) Norwich.-Licence granted, Feb. 2, 1332, to the Friars Preachers of Norwich, to acquire land 500 feet by 400, in the city of Norwich, near their house (Manso), for the erection of a church and edificia (Close Roll, 6 Edw. III.)-The place called the Casteldich, Norwich. (Ibid., 19 Edw. III., parti.) Ludgarshal.-Order for 20,000 shingles to cover -St. Botolph of ffybrygate; Churches of St. Saviour the chamber of Edward the King's son at Lud- and St. Austin. Hospital of Vincent Norman; garshal. (Close Roll, 36 Hen. III.)-Order to house of the Lepars. St. Austin's Gates, whence the repair the hall of Luttegarshale Castle, the cham-way leads to Catton; Hospital of St. Mary Mag ber called Lord Edward's chamber, the chapel, and dalen; Staple Gate way. (Ibid., 1 Mariæ, part ii.) the great tower. (Ibid., 33 Edw. I.) Nottingham.-The high pavement opposite St. Mary's; the tenement called Swan o' the hope; the great marsh at the end of Calvertonlane; vico lozimariorum; the longrowe; Rollescrofthill; the Todeholes; Querrelwong; the meadow called Asshelynholme. (Close Roll, 13 Hen. VI.) Lynn.-Houses in Southlenn called Jeweshous. (Close Roll, 10 Edw. III.)-Lynn Episcopi, vico vocato le Cheker, ab antiquo vocato Stokfisshrowe. (Ibid., 34 Hen. VI.) The passage called le ferry right between Old Lynne and Lynne Episcopi. (Ibid., 18 Edw. IV.)-Will of William Lord Bardolf, Sept. 12, 1384: to be buried in the choir, convent of St. Mary of Carmel, Lynn, before the high altar. (Ducarel's 'Registers,' Addit. MS. 6073.) Melton Mowbray.-Cultura vocata Aungell Wonge, versus le Speney; le Speneybroke; Saltgate alias Saltergate; Alurescrofte. (Close Roll, 28 Hen. VI.)-Melton Mowbray al's Motebrey. (Ibid., 2-3 Phil. et Mar., part iv.) Newark, co. Notts.-Le Pavement Stede, le Coningre Meade, le Coningre Wode. (Patent Roll, 3 Edw. VI., part iv.)-Chantry founded by | Maud Sawcemer at the altar of St. Mary Magdalen in Newark Church. (Ibid., part xi.)-Le Payment; le Payment Stede. (Close Roll, 2-3 Phil et Mar., part iii.)-John Beaumont, of Thynner Temple, sells the manor and lordship of Newark for 1,2001. to Thomas Gresham and John Elyott, citizens and mercers. (Ibid., part vii.) Oxford.-The Hospital of St. John, outside the East Gate. (Close Roll, 28 Hen. III.)—The University of Oxford reports that the pavements, of the said town are greatly broken, whereby the passers-by receive much damage. Let them be repaired in the streets and lanes. (Ibid., 10 Edw. III.)-Messuage in the parish of All Saints in La Boucherie, next to the messuage of Hugh le Hare. (Fines Roll, 10 Edw. I.)-Robert de Eglesfeld, clerk, founded la Quenehalle. (Close Roll, 1 Ric. II.)-Rector and scholars of the House of Stapledon, Oxon. (Fines Roll, 8 Ric. II.)—The College at Oxford called Orielhall. (Close Roll, 9 Ric. II.)-Seynt Marie College de Wynchestre in Oxon. (Close Roll, 13 Ric. II., part i.)-Messuage at Oxford called Wolston Hall. (Ibid., 5 Hen. VI.) Licence granted, May 20, 1438, to Archbishop Chichele, to found All Souls' College for the souls of himself and his ancestors, Henry V., Thomas Duke of Clarence, and all nobles killed in the French wars. Newcastle on Tyne.-Le ffrerecrosse, le Brad- (Patent Roll, 16 Hen. VI., part ii.)-Marton chere, le Neweyate, le Denebrigge, le Horsmarket- Halle, Oxon. (Close Roll, 30 Hen. VI.)-Kingsgate, le Barres, Cynydgate, le Sandhil. (Close mede, meadow near Osney; the water called the Roll, 8 Edw. III.)-Le Denechere, Daltonchere, Temse, from Hidebrigge to the mill below the Senedgate, Pilgrymstret. (Ibid., dorso.) - Le Castle. (Ibid., 2 Edw. IV.)-Lincoln College was Westrawe, Narowchare alias Colierchare, Pampe- founded by Richard, Bishop of Lincoln, to the denburn, Pampedenyate, le Sandyate, Philipchare, blessed Mary and All Saints, for a Rector and seven le Close, Langstare; Lyleplace in le Syde, beneath scholars, in the Church of All Saints at Oxford. the castle; le Clathe Market, le Northkyrkestile by (Patent Roll, 15 Hen. VII., part ii.)-Frediswides St. Nicholas' Church; Skynnergate, le Melemarket, ffayer; the College vulgarly called King Henry Dentonchere, le Netemarket, the Chapel of St. theightes; the Guild Hall. (Ibid., 3 Edw. VI., Mary Magdalen, Pilgrymstreteyate, Alhalowgate; part xi.) the Hospital of the blessed Katherine, called Thornton Hospital. Chantries at the altar of St. Peter in All Saints', and at those of St. Eligius and Holy Trinity, in St. Nicholas' Church. (Ibid., 8 Hen. VI.)| -Tenement in the Meale Market, bounded by the said market on the west, Myddle Streat on Portsmouth.-Castle built by Henry VIII., at the place commonly called Keates Poynt, called le Southcastle de Portsmouth. (Privy Seal Bills, June, 1 Eliz.) Rochester.-Eppelane, Horslane. (Close Roll, 43 Edw. III.) St. Alban's.-The Swan, in Churchstrete; the Pecok on the east, the George on the west, Churchstrete on the south, and the Abbey lands on the north. (Close Roll, 37 Hen. VI.)-Newbarne Farm, in St. Peter's parish; the marle pytt next to Stampford Mill. (Ib., 2-3 Phil. et Mar., part vii.) HERMENTRUde. ago, and which I came across a few days since, the rev. gentlemen used the phrase in reference to the composer Handel. He was addressing a working-class gathering at a popular concert, and here is the sentence in which the phrase occurred: 'I dare not allude to the sacred oratorio "The Messiah "as merely an entertainment and an amusement, for I remember that when the oratorio was first produced in London, and Handel was congratulated on having "entertained" the town for a whole week, the grand old man, in his usual outspoken manner, said, "I did not wish to entertain the town; I wished to do it There you have at once an interesting anecdote and the precursor of the most famous sobriquet of modern A TYKE. times.' Leeds. EDUCATION AS A MARK OF TIME.-Apropos to verbal expression, permit me to submit the follow-good." ing experience. While walking through Belgrave Square, a few days ago, my attention was arrested by some one hobbling up behind me, and a boy's voice inquired the way to Halkin Street West. Having directed him, I asked whether he was in pain. "My boots hurts me, sir," he said. "Have you chilblains?" "No, sir; corns. I have had 'em ever since I was in the second standard." Thus we find our educational system acting as a chronological index to the career of the working classes. RICHARD EDGCUMBE. 33, Tedworth Square, Chelsea. APOSTOLICALS.-Referring to the 'New Dictionary' for this word, I find that the only information given is, "Apostolical, sb., one who maintains the doctrine of Apostolical succession." A quotation is given (dated 1839) from Sara Coleridge, in which she gives her opinion that, "On some points I think the Apostolicals quite right, on others clearly unscriptural." This is a very meagre account of a word which might have become famous had it not been, in the words of a distinguished writer, "happily short-lived." It was the earliest designation of the Tractarians. Writing in 1836, Dr. J. B. Mozley remarks, "We are getting stronger and stronger every day. What do you think of S. becoming an Apostolical?" (Introduction to 'Essays,' p. xxvii.) Probably the word was used in contradistinction to the cant use of the epithet "Evangelical." It appears as an adjective in 'Tracts for the Times,' No. 38, p. 1," Your religious system, which I have heard some persons style the Apostolical." This was written in 1834. The "Apostolicals" were first nicknamed Newmanites, which name gave Occasion for Bishop Blomfield's not very brilliant joke about the new mania. When this title unhappily became inapplicable, they were called Puseyites and Tractarians. Now, I presume, Ritualists is the popular designation. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Hastings Corporation Reference Library. THE ORIGIN OF GRAND OLD MAN."-Is not I the following worth recording in 'N. & Q." "The Grand Old Man' is a phrase that is popularly supposed to belong to Mr. W. E. Gladstone, and to have been invented especially to distinguish him. This is not In a speech of 't' owd Vicar' of Leeds, the late Dr. Hook, made at Manchester about thirty years the case. - If Mr. James A THOROUGH ADRIDGMENT. Donald's notion of abridging a previous writer's work is not already known to readers of 'N. & Q.,' they may care now to hear what it is. In 1881 Mr. Donald published, through Mr. Thomas D. Morrison, Glasgow, a new edition, with explanatory notes and a glossary," of Henderson's 'Scottish Proverbs.' In a short preface, after explaining how he has treated Henderson himself, he continues : "Prefixed to the original edition was an introductory essay by the poet Motherwell. This, which the writer himself characterized as prolix, is here presented considerably abridged." Apparently Mr. Donald defines "considerably abridged" in a very large and comprehensive way, for Motherwell's essay has suffered by his treatment more than the tail of Tam O'Shanter's mare did at the hands of the witch. The only trace of Motherwell's connexion with the original work is this editorial allusion-the rest is silence. Perhaps Mr. Donald is poking fun at the essayist on the one hand and his readers on the other, but the wit is not particularly manifest, and it certainly does not sparkle. Helensburgh, N.B. THOMAS BAYNE. "RANK AND FILE."-A curious mistake has crept into Dr. Brewer's Phrase and Fable.' Under the head of "Rank and File" he says that the rank is the depth and the file is the length of marching soldiers. In this usage-speaking, that is to say, of a body of soldiers-length and depth convey one idea. As the doctor uses them he makes them conflict. To march in file is, as Johnson puts it, "not abreast, but one behind another." He should, of course, have put it that rank is breadth and file depth in speaking of the rank and file of a body of men. One is not so foolish as to suppose that the doctor does not know this fully as well as any of us. In fact, he says that "rank men" stand shoulder to shoulder, which settles the point, and that one hundred men four deep would make twenty-five files; but then that shows that file stands for depth. hold that the doctor often shows very considerable penetrative It makes faculty when confronting difficulties. such a slip as this the more instructive to us. Where gifts abound mistakes are nothing but proofs how sin doth easily beset us. C. A. WARD. Walthamstow. AN OLD JEST. (See 7th S. viii. 485.)-To cap your account of Pasquil's pleasant jest for Christmas time, here is the same sentiment-to be found at the Château de Villeneuve, which is one of the things to be "done" by visitors to Royat les Bains. On the walls of the gallery running round the court are, among other things, the pictures of two hideous monsters. One is frightfully pale and thin, and holds in his wolf's jaws a woman dressed in the bourgeois costume of the sixteenth century. Underneath is this legend: Moy que l'on appelle chiche-face, Que femmes qui font le commandement Des ans, il y a plus de deux cents The other monster is rubicund, well fed, and Bigorne suis de Bigornoiz Bons hommes qui le commandement Gros et grans comme piliers." E. LYNN LINTON. A CHANNEL TUNNEL PROPOSED IN 1836.—Mr. Fairburn's name is unknown to me, but I find in the New Monthly Magazine for 1836 that he published a book or pamphlet entitled 'The Political Economy of Railroads,' in which he proposed many engineering feats not yet accomplished : "A singular development of means and appliances, however, must certainly take place before Mr. Fairburn's plans stand much chance of being realized, and a somewhat larger capital, than even the adventurous spirits of our own time possess either the will or the ability to furnish, brought into action, before such projects as forming a harbour for the town of Dover, three miles out at sea, levelling, or, to use Mr. Fairburn's own words, taking down the South Downs to fill up the British Channel, or establishing a tunnel or suspension bridge from Dover to Calais, are likely to engage the attention of private or national enterprise. Among the plans, also, from which we do not entertain too sanguine expectations of deriving much advantage during the term of our own natural life, may be reckoned the formation of a rail-road between Calcutta and Canton; or one of rather less ambitious character, from the coast of Scotland across the Irish Sea; undertakings of no small utility, no doubt, but of the practicability of which we must ask Mr. Fairburn's leave still to remain rather sceptical...... Whenever he issues from the Utopia of speculation his remarks are really valuble, and show an intimate and extensive acquaintance with his subject." J. D. C. VERMINOUS. - Some dictionaries include, and others omit, "verminous." The fifth edition of Stormonth's, e.g. (in almost every case a trustworthy book of reference), does not give it, nor does it appear in 'Chambers's Etymological Dictionary,' which is a volume much used in Scotland by students of words. It is given in a dictionary published by the Messrs. Collins, and it is likewise in Nuttall's, which is wonderfully comprehensive in its vocabulary. Apparently, however, there is an uncertainty about the word in the minds of compilers, of whom sundry, taking refuge behind the doubt that exists, avoid it, as being no better than it should be. The 'Encyclopaedic Dictionary' admits the word, and gives an illustrative quotation from the St. James's Gazette of 1886. But it was recognized and used in literature at least a century ago. In 'The Borderers,' written in 1795, of occasional murders, thus stigmatizes the adWordsworth's villain, arguing for the expediency vocates of the new doctrine that life is sacred in "all things both great and small": We rank not, happily, With those who take the spirit of their rule The subject, no doubt, is not specially attractive; but still the word is there, with what standard value a place in 'The Borderers' can give it, and there is no reason why earlier usage should not be put in evidence, if possible, so that thereby the minds of lexicographers may be set at their ease. THOMAS BAyne. Helensburgh, N.B. BAILHATCHET=BAILHACHE. - The Pall Mall which deserves a niche in N. & Q.,' if only to show Gazette of December 2, 1889, contains the following, that this marvellously mild autumn produced big gooseberries in more ways than one : "The London correspondent of the Manchester Guar dian writes:-An interesting discovery regarding the presence of the Phoenicians in the south-west counties has just been made by Mr. W. B. Thorpe, F.8.A. In the village of Ipplepen, three miles from Newton Abbot, Devon, there has for many centuries resided a family named Ballhatchet, the surviving male representative of which is Mr. Thomas Ballhatchet. This man is now seventy-four years of age, and the facial type is quite distinct from that of the natives of Cornwall and Devon, and distinctly of a Levantine character. The farm, which has been from time immemorial in the possession of the family, is called Ballford, or Baal's Ford, and in the centre of the group of buildings is a large square tank of ancient artificial construction. The farm evidently stands upon the site of an old Baal temple, of which the Ballhatchets whose ancient name was evidently Baal-Akhed, corrupted into Baal-Achet, &c. 1 |