northern sections of the state. The next day the local situation was again taken up with the city health officer, Dr. R. T. Davis. Personal visits to the homes of the typhoid patients was soon commenced. The water pumping station was visited on June 14th.

Dr. A. W. Freeman, epidemiologist, U. S. public health service, arrived June 17 to go over the situation, and Prof. Earl B. Phelps, U. S. public health service, made an investigation June 26. The work of both Dr. Freeman and Prof. Phelps was exacting, careful, conclusive and valuable. After completing his investigation Prof. E. B. Phelps reported to the surgeon general: "As criginally constructed, these filters were provided with rate controlling devices and loss of head gauges. At the time of inspection both of these essential devices were out of order, and it was stated that they had not been in use during the incumbency of the present superintendent, some seven years." The filters are designed conservatively for about 6.5 million gallons. "As this plan has been operated in the past, it is incapable of producing a safe domestic water supply." The disuse of the loss-of-head gauges makes it impossible to operate the filters either efficiently or economically." During the periods of high rate of pumping (during May, 1917) the actual rate of application of chlorine ranges from 0.11 to 0.15 parts per million for periods from ten minutes to four hours." Frof. Phelps recommended

The installation of individual and sanitary rate.controlling apparatus and loss-of-head gauges; the feeding of coagulent in proportion to the volume of water passing through the system.

The recommendations of Dr. Freeman follow:

1. The employment of a competent bacteriologist who will make daily bacterial counts of the water and who will have entire charge of the operation of the plant.

2. The continuous application of coagulants and a dose of chlorine approximately 0.5 parts per million.

3. Recommendations to the city to fly-proof all privies, to cause an immediate removal of all accumulations of manure and to institute a general clean-up of the community.

REPORT

DIVISION OF SANITARY ENGINEERING

JULY 1916, JULY 1917

MAYO TOLMAN, Director and Chief Engineer

DR. S. L. JEPSON, Commissioner,

West Virginia State Department of Health,

Charleston, West Virginia.

DEAR SIR:

I have the honor to submit herewith the second annual report of the Division of Sanitary Engineering of the West Virginia State Department of Health. This report covers the year from July 1, 1916, to July 1, 1917.

General Statement: The duties and powers of the division were pointed out in the first annual report and it does not appear necessary to redefine them at this time. The first report also clearly indicates the type of investigation made by this department-consequently it has been thought unnecessary in this second report to go to great detail over each investigation. The report is very brief and constitutes merely a summary of the work of the division. Detailed reports of all of the investigations are in our office files and can be referred to by any one desiring more complete information than here presented.

The work of this office soon grew beyond the capacity of one man and it was necessary to add two assistant engineers to the staff. Mr. Ellis S. Tisdale and Mr. Andrew N. Wardle, both graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the sanitary engineering course, were appointed to the above positions and are still with the Division rendering valuable and loyal aid to the state.

Field Investigation and Reports: While a large and valuable portion of the work has been carried on from the office, it is probably true that the field investigations and reports are productive of more lasting good. Table No. 1 shows the towns at which field work was undertaken and the character of this work. The table is followed by brief summaries of these investigations showing the dates upon which the studies were made and the name of the engineer doing the work.