LAW AND BANKS. flies beyond the line separating it from Florida.--Gen. Joseph Kerr, formerly a senator of the Unit-They were originally a small party of banished outed States from: Ohio, by misfortune has failed and is laws driven from among the upper and lower now confined in Chillicothe prison for debt. He Creeks; who, increasing in number, living in a counhas published a detailed statement from the re-try exceedingly difficut to penetrate, associated cords of the court, of judgments, costs, &c. on ele-themselves with a band of desperate runaway neven notes with two endorsers, amounting to 16,702 groes, and, instigated by their natural ferocity, dollars. On this statement he makes the following and the artifices of British traders, have always manifested a disposition inimical to the United States, have since the year 1813 been notorious for their depredations upon the whites. remarks "By the above statement it will be seen that the original debts against me amounted to 16,702,when I failed-on these debts, judgments were entered up at the first court thereafter, when the clerks they were the authors of several murders commitIn August last it was very well ascertained, that costs, as taxed, amounted to $29 72 cents; the she-ed upon the white inhabitants of the frontier. A riff's to $12 76; and the attornies, as they are tax-patient endurance of suffering is always regarded ed, (which I contend are not fairly done) to $55. [by the Indians, as an indication of weakness, and No attempt, other than confining my person, was made to collect these judgments; but my endorsers jury. General Gaines demanded that the murderis sure to produce a repetition of the insult or inwere sued, whereby the bank have judgments in fullers should begiven up, it was answered with taunt force for the amount of $54,478 debt-5275 attor-and defiance—and let it be remembered, by those ney's fees-$312 30 clerk's fees, and $88 74 she-who accuse the country of pursuing a barbarous riff's fees, not including the cost of collection. I am not so much out with the banks as to anni. hilate them that are solvent, but I am of opinion that care ought to be taken in electing members to the legislature that would provide against the op. pression and imposition of directors; and make such change in the laws regulating the collection of debts, as would compel the creditor to prosecute the principal debtor to insolvency, before the sureties should be put to all the costs and trouble, they appear to be liable to, under the construc. tion given to our present laws. JOSEPH KERR, Chillicothe prison, July 4, 1818." them in wars, that when PEPITICOXT, the principal policy towards the people, and endeavour to involve warrior and leader, was asked why he was thus hostile to the United States, he replied, by acknow. ledging, that the government were always ready to do him justice, and to make peace with him, but that war was a fine manly exercise in which he wished to practice his young men!!! sed the Indians, burnt Fowls-town and returned.— The 7th regiment crossed the Flint river, disper, This act of war was premature; the troops we had in the field, so far from being able to subjugate the enemy, were inefficient to meet him in fair contiict. The Indians assembled, attacked a boat ascending the river, captured it, and put to death 40 persons, General Jackson's Campaign, &c. composing its crew; they advanced up the river, From the Franklin Gazette. surrounded our troops in fort Scott, and cut of their state of Georgia for 1500 militia, these men unfortu communication. General Gaines called upon the before they could approach towards the enemy, that nately were detailed but for two months; and beperiod expired, and they returned to their homes. Extract from the jour: al of a gentleman travelling 4000 3300 Cherokees 1400 Chickasaws 1300 Seminoles 1000 General Gaines made a second call upon Georgia, for 2000 men for six months; they assembled at Hartford; general Jackson was now authorized to accept the services of 2000 Tennessee volunteers, to call out the friendly Indians, and to take the This force, if embodied and hostile, would be a rapidly organized these men for service, and giving field himself. With his accustomed activity, he serious enemy to the United States; fortunately, them orders to concentrate at fort Scott, he pro however, there exists among the different tribes, ceeded to Hartford, and placing himself at the jealousies and entities that will prevent such an head of the Georgia militia, moved them towards association ever taking place, and enable the Unit- the same point. General Jackson had in vain endea ed States, in the event of hostility with either, to voured to procure provisions for his force; and employ as active allies, any of the nations. The correct idea may be formed of the intrepid cast of Creeks were formerly the most warlike, but the his character, from the circumstance of his startsevere conflict in the year 1813, diminished their ing, with 2000 men on a march of 10 days, through numbers and their spirit; none of them are, however, a wilderness, when his only means of subsistence enemies to be despised; in personal courage they was a daily pint of corn for each man, and when he are seldom deficient, but like all regular troops, well knew, that on his arrival at fort Scott he could having no idea of military combinations, or that obtain but a very scanty supply. At fort Scott geconfidence and reliance upon each, taught by discipneral Jackson found the regular troops and friendly line to the formed soldier, and so essential to vic-Indians. The movement of the Tennessee voluntory, they will always be defeated unless they are teers had not been marked with the same boldness the assailants, or attacked on ground exceedingly as that of the other troops; apprehensive of a want advantageous to them. Their capacity to endure great fatigue, watching, hunger; their personal activity, knowledge of the forest, added to their courage, render them in a close country an exceedingly dangerous foe. yet joined. General Jackson advanced into the lu The Seminoles, with whom we waged the last war, inhabit a tract of country, part of which is within the United States, but the larger portionsaries for the subsistence of an army, and the face The state of Georgia affords but few of the neces of the country in which general Jackson operated, than has ever appeared in our history. Nature abounded with invincible impediments to transpor-has seldom gifted man with a mind so powerful tation in wheel carriages; great, therefore, were the sufferings of the troops-subsisting upon a pint of corn-marching through swamps and morasses, wading creeks, and sleeping on the wet ground, without shelter-were privations endured from motives of the purest patriotisin, and in which the general participated equally with the meanest soldier in his army. and comprehensive, or with a body better formed for activity, or capable of enduring greater priva. tions, fatigue, and hardships. She has been cq' ally kind to him in the quality of his heart. Generai Jackson has no ambition, but for the good of his country; it occupies the whole of his views, to the exclusion of all selfish or ignoble considerations. Cradled in the war of the revolution; nur General Jackson was now about to move his tured amid the conflicts that afterwards took place troops from Florida, when he discovered that the between the Cherokee Indians and the Tennesseans, governor of Pensacola, instead of exerting himself being always among a people who regard the apto fulfil the treaty existing between the United plication of force not as the ultima ratio regum, States and his king, by which he was bound to but as the first resort of individuals; and who look protect our citizens from savages within his domi- upon courage as the greatest of human attributes, nions, had basely violated the Spanish faith,and pro- bis character on this stormy ocean, has acquired an tected, encouraged and furnished with the means extraordinary cast of vigor-a belief that any thing of war, a worthless band, at the same time, laying within the power of man to accomplish, he should waste to the frontier of the Alabama territory, and never dispair of effecting, and a conviction that waging a war of destruction against the most love-courage, activity and perseverance can overcome, ly and most innocent part of our population. Ge- what, to an ordinary mind, would appear insuperaneral Jackson considered that this breach of treaty ble obstacles. In society, he is kind, frank, unafauthorized him to take possession of Pensacola, fected and hospitable, endowed with much natural knowing well that it was the only movement that grace and politeness, without the mechanical gen could afford the effectual protection he was bound tility and artificial, flimsy polish, to be found in to give to every individual within his military com- fashionable life. mand; and although politicians may argue in their closets that general Jackson exceeded his authority, and treated Spain with less respect than she was entitled to, yet the course of conduct he pursued will be justified by every high minded man, having at heart the true honor and glory of bis country.— Having entered the military service of his coun What was general Jackson coolly to remonstrate, try at a late period in life, gen. Jackson appears and politely correspond with the despicable repre- unaware of the necessity of strict discipline and sentative of an imbecile tyrant, with a pen dipped subordination, and being utterly fearless of responin the blood of his fellow-citizens; or was he calm-sibility himself, and always taught to believe that ly to look on and witness the butchery of his coun- his personal liability would be a justification of his trymen, while he waited two months to hear from Washington, whether the violaters of a treaty, and the protectors of murderers, were or were not to be chastised? The American general was not deterred from protecting the territory of the United States, and punishing those who encouraged the murder of his countrymen, by any flimsy, wiredrawn, sophistical arguments. Among the people of the west, his popularity is unbounded-old and young speak of him with rapture, and at his call, 50,000 of the most efficient warriors on this continent, would rise, armed, and ready for any enemy. conduct, he does not sufficiently reflect how inti mately the character of the country is asssociated with his own, now he is an officer; and that altho he may freely offer his personal sacrifice, yet it places the government in a most delicate situation to accept of it. FROM THE AUGUSTA CHRONICLE. The opposition of the Spanish troops was illy We are informed by an officer of the late expe. calculated to occasion a display of the full devo-dition, who was left at St. Marks, and who was tion of the American army. The governor retired present at the execution of Francis, that he had in at their approach, and shutting himself up in the possession when captured, a rifle gun, presented to Barancas, declared his determination not to sur-him by the prince regent, and a tortoise snuff-box render. The Barancas is a fortress, situated on set in gold, presented to him by the queen of Eng the southern cape of the bay of Pensacola; it con-land; and also a commission of brigadier genera! sists of a heavy water battery on the beach, pro-in the British service. These facts establish tected by, and communicating with a regular work beyond doubt, the alliance and influence of England on the bluff. Altho' this work cost the king of with the Indians under the jurisdiction of Spain. Spain an immense sum of money, yet the lower We have long known the influence the British battery is entirely inadequate to guard the water have had in Florida, as well with the Spanish au communication into the bay, and the upper work thorities as the Indians-and that though they cannot sustain an attack from the meanest train of were nominally Spanish provinces, yet they were artillery. really more under the rule and influence of British The parapet consists of a sand mound, support-agents than the cabinet of Spain. ed by pine pickets and unprotected by glacis; conflagrate these pickets, the sand must fall into the ditch, and there is no impediment to a platoon marching to the centre of the place. This proceeded as much, and probably much more, from the inability of Ferdinand than from bis acquiescence in or connivance at such measures as have been pursued by the agents of British mer. Gen. Jackson cannonaded the fort-the garrison chants and trading companies, and confirmed by discovering that scaling ladders, and other prepa-the officers of Spain, particularly in Pensacola rations were making for the assault, hoisted the The Spanish officers and soldiery in Florida have white flag and surrendered. General Jackson, been generally worse paid than any other officers with extraordinary forbearance, permitted the In-in the world.-It is from this cause, that men who dian chief who had sheltered himself in the fort, to accompany the garrison to Havanna. General Jackson is a more extraordinary person were disposed to act honorably and independently, have been compelled to resign their offices an return home, or commence some other, course (? life to procure a subsistence: and none but those who have submitted to the baser means of subsist ing by speculation and bribery, have been able to hold their offices; this gave occasion to a speculator in that country to say, "every Spaniard had his price." The English agents saw this and made use of it. the facts connected with the execution of these "permission" to publish a paper so interesting.] It is from these causes that an agent of a British trading company, (and perhaps the government likewise) procured in 1812, from the governor don Masot, permission to offer in his name through the medium of M'Queen and Opehola, a chief of the Tieliga towns, on the Alabama, a reward of nine dollars for each American scalp that should be brought by the Creek Indians to Pensacola. The vingston issued warrants against capt. Skinner don Law Case-Illegal Armament. English companies have found the trade of this sec- Manuel H. Aguirre, and Mr. Delano, for "knowingNew York, July 29. On Saturday last, judge Lition of the country profitable, and the government ly being concerned in the furnishing, fitting out have been led to believe that they might make the or arming, in the port of New York, two ships calCreek nation of Indians an ally serviceable to them-led the Curiazo and Horatio, with the intent that selves and formidable to the frontier settlers of they should be employed in the service of some the state of Georgia, Tennesee, and the Mississip foreign prince or people, to cruise or commit hostipi territory; and to effect this object they have lities against the subjects of some other foreign spared neither pains nor expense-the latter from prince or state, with whom the United States are evidences that have come within our knowledge, at peace." we think may be moderately estimated at 100,000 dollars a year for the last seven years, and the necessities of the Spanish officers afforded them a ready and open door to effect this purpose. tion of the act passed at the last session of con- Many of the officers and soldiers at Augustine have as much as fourteen years pay due them, and those at St Marks, had some fifteen, some nineteen. person shall, within the limits of the United States, When that post was taken possession of by gen.fit out and arm, or attempt to fit out and arm, or "Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That if any Jackson, those of Pensacola had been but little procure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowbetter paid, except by the British. It is from these causes that the British have had arming, of any ship or vessel, with intent that such such an unbounded influence in the Spanish terri-ship or vessel shall be employed in the service of ingly be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out or tories of Florida, and from the ease with which any foreign prince or state, or of any colony, district they could place the responsibility on the Spanish or people, to cruise or commit hostilities against authorities, they have used it in the basest manner the subjects, citizens, or property, of any foreign to excite the Indians to acts of hostility against us prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people -first, from a persuasion that it was impracticable with whom the United States are at peace, or shall for us to march an army into the country-secondly, issue or deliver a commission within the territory that if we should, they would receive succor from or jurisdiction of the United States, for any ship the Spanish fortresses on the coast, and that the or vessel, to the intent that she may be employed Americans were a set of robbers who would plun- as aforesaid, every person so offending shall be der and extirpate them if in their power, and deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor, and shall be whom it was right for them to murder and rob at fined not more than ten thousand dollars, and impleasure. Sufficient evidences of Indian hostility were ship or vessel, with her tackle, apparel and furni found in every village the army visited, after leav- ture, together with all materials, arms, ammuniprisoned not more than three years; and every such ing fort Scott, and of the agents of the British go-tion, and stores, which may have been procured vernment having furnished them with the means for the building and equipment thereof, shall be of executing their hostile purpose: and the Spa- forfeited; one half to the use of the informer, and nish authorities at St. Marks, acknowledged hav-the other half to the use of the United States." ing supplied them with arms, ammunition, provision and clothing. The fact of Arbuthnot and Ambristie having ex- Emmet, Mr. Walls, and Mr. James Stoughton, apThe parties were all arrested and taken before cited them to acts of hostility, and having distri-peared in support of the prosecution, and Mr. J. O. judge Livingston yerterday afternoon, when Mr. buted money, ammunition, provision, arms and Hoffman, Mr. David B. Ogden, Mr. Burr, and Mr. uniforms to them, were satisfactorily proved; and Palmer, for the defendants. the philanthropy of Arbuthnot's heart was strongly pourtrayed in a letter to his son directing him to poison his clerk because he was becoming too popular with the Indians. their clients discharged altogether, or if held to bail, they insisted that they should, under all the The counsel for the defendants moved to have From the Savannah Republicun. circumstances of the case, be recognized to apWe have been favored with, and had the perusal pear at the next term of the circuit court, in a very of, the trial of Arbuthnot and Ambristie, by a milied without any directions on the part of the go. small sum. This motion was made on three grounds: tary tribunal, on the 28th of April. It is very long, verniment, or application by the district attorney, 1. That as the prosecution had been commenc consisting of upwards of sixy pages. We have it was irregular in its inception and ought to be not permission to publish it; but we will say, that immediately discontinue:l. the charges preferied against them were so com pletely established as not to "leave a loop to haug ground applied,) was a minister from the govern a doubt" as to the justice of the sentence. 2. That Mr. Aguirre, (to whose case alone this Wheniment of Buenos Ayres to that of the United States, and could not, therefore, be proceeded against in this way. touch at St. Helena, except national ships. How vast a compliment is paid to the genius of Bona3. That to constitute an offence against the third parte by this vigilance to guard him! Louis "the section of this act the vessel must not only have been desired," on the throne of France, the holy alliance fitted out with intent to be thus employed, but ac-in full operation-all Europe united against one tually armed, for that purpose; and many deposi- man, and he a prisoner, without hope of escapetions were produced, proving that neither of the yet the clanking of his chains makes monarchs tremble in the midst of their legions of men in vessels were or ever had been armed. The alien bill is continued in England, though strenuously opposed. By this bill any foreigner may be sent out of the country at the discretion of the ministry, unheard, and without a possibility of redress! The British house of commons consists of 658 members-54 only were present when a pretty important vote was taken on the 26th of May last, After an argument of these points by the re-arms! The London theatres seems to be on the despective counsel, judge Livingston decided, 1st. that no instructions were necessary on the part of cline. The propri etors and performers of that in the president, or any other officer of government, Drury Lane lately held a meeting. The duke of to justify the issuing of a warrant for the violation Bedford, earl of Essex, lord Yarmouth, &c. were of this or any other law, nor had the president any on the committee. The establishment appeared to right to interfere with the proceedings which had be 80,000. in debt, which was increasing, at the been commenced in this case, by giving any in-average loss of 100%. every night of performance. structions to him on the subject. Nor was it ne. A reduction of salaries was proposed; but it was cessary that the application for a warrant should indignantly resisted by the performers. Lord Yarbe made by the district-attorney; as any individual mouth said that if the reduction was not made the might complain of the infraction of a law, and he con- theatre must close, &c. sidered it his duty to award a warrant whenever complaint was made to him on oath of a crime's being committed, whether such warrant were applied for by the district-attorney or any other person: 2nd, as to any privilege which Mr. Aguirre's commission conferred on him, the judge was of opinion, that this gentlemen, not being accredited by the president, and the independence of Buenos Ayres The New York Commercial Advertiser says-not being acknowledged by the government of the United States, he was liable to be proceeded against We have before us, "the general bill of all the for any offence which he might commit against our christening and burials in London, from Dec. 10, laws, in the same way as any other individual.-1816, to Dec. 10, 1817," from which we have made On the 3rd point, the judge thought no offence the following summary: could be committed against the third section of this act, unless the vessel was armed as well as fitted out with intent to be employed, &c. That it does not appear by any part of the act, that congress intended to prohibit the citizens of the United States from building vessels and selling them to either of the belligerents, so long as they were not armed. In the case of a principal, it was clearly necessary by the very terms of the law, to render him criminal, that the vessel should be fitted out and armed. Those, therefore, who were knowingly concerned in the furnishing, fitting out, or arming of such ship or vessel must also be considered as innocent, until an actual armament took place, or this absurdity would result, that one man might have a vessel built or fitted out for this pur. pose without being guilty of any offence, while the whole penalty of the law might be incurred by a person who should furnish her with a single suit of sails, or a cable. As it respected the evidence of an armament, the depositions on which the warrants had issued were not only either altogether silent, or quite insufficient to prove the fact; but those on the part of the defendants established, beyond controversy, that neither of the vessels, although no doubt built for warlike purposes, had ever been armed. Judge Livingston was therefore of opinion, that neither of the parties arrested had committed any offence, and ordered them all to be discharged. Foreign Articles. ENGLAND, &c. A sailor belonging to an East India ship has terribly alarmed wise Johnny Bull, by reporting that | while the ship lay off St. Helena, he swam to the shore, clambered the rocks, eluded the guards, and paid a friendly visit to some of Napoleon's domestics, with whom he was acquainted! It is probable that no vessels will hereafter be allowed to Christened in the 97 parishes within the Christening in the 17 parishes without the Christening in the 22 parishes in Middlesex Christening in the 10 parishes in Westmins ter, 1,044 5,429 12,710 4,940 24,128 Of which number 12,624 were males, and 11,505 were females. Buried in the 97 parishes within the walls, 1,085 Of which number 10,033 were males and 9,935 were females Four thousand two hundred are stated to hav died by consumption, which is two thousand more than by any other disease, except convulsions. which is stated to have been three thousand tw hundred and forty two. British finances. We have an abstract of the report of the select committee of the house commons, on finance The "total disbursements" for the year 1817 including the sum of 15 millions on account of re demption of the public debt, was The "actual income" is given at 168,096.24 52,302,210 The balance was made up by the product of loans The total disbursement and income for the year 1818 and 1819, are calculated as nearly the same. with some improvement as to balance in favor o the country, "if no extraordinary changes occur." Toast-A strong aristocratic one, given at a corporation dinner in the west of England, after many loyal sentiments had burst forth: "May the tree of liberty be transplanted from France into hell, and bear eternally, as fruit, the souls of all republicans!" looked forward without dismay, having always the fullest confidence in the solidity of the resources of the British empire, and in the relief which might be expected from a continuance of peace, and from the patience, public spirit, and energy of the nation. A wag in company, observing the temper of his associates, and estimating their talents by their conversation, was soon after called on for a sentiment. At the moment the chairman addressed him, a recent creation of peers was the topic of conversation, and he ventured on the following, in which he concealed the wishes of a republican un-to be steadily progressive; and I feel a perfect asder the semblance of aristocracy."May all men be made peers!" It was drunk with three times three. PARLIAMENT.-The session was closed on the 10th of June with the following speech of the prince regent: These expectations have not been disappointed. The improvement in the internal circumstances of the country is happily manifest, and promises surance that the continued loyalty and exertions of all classes of his majesty's subjects will confirm these growing indications of national prosperity, by promoting obedience to the laws and attachment to the constitution, from which all our blessings have been derived. My lords and gentlemen-It is with the deepest Dissolution of parliament.-Shortly after the deregret that I am again under the necessity of an-livery of the speech of the prince regent, the lord nouncing to you, that no alteration has occurred chancellor, who had approached the throne to rein the state of his majesty's lamented indisposi-ceive the royal commands on the occasion, came tion. forward aud addressed both houses in the follow. I continue to receive from foreign powers the terms:strongest assurance of their friendly dispositions My lords and gentlemen-It is the will and pleatowards this country, and of their desire to main-sure of his royal highness the prince regent, acting tain the general tranquility. in tlle name and on behalf of his majesty, that this I am fully sensible of the attention which you parliament be now dissolved; and this parliament have paid to the many important objects which is dissolved accordingly. have been brought before you. The commons then withdrew, and the lords se. parated. A proclamation has issued calling a new parlia ment-the lists of which are returnable on the 4th of August. I derive peculiar satisfaction from the measure which you have adopted, in pursuance to my re commendation, for augmenting the number of places of public worship belonging to the Estab. lished Church; and I confidently trust that this AMERICAN LOYALISTS. House of commons, June 5. measure will be productive of the most beneficial-Mr. W. Smith said he was desirous of putting á effects on the religion and moral habits of the peo-question to the right hon. gentleman opposite, with ple. respect to this old and long contested subject. He was aware of the financial difficulties of the right honorable gentleman, and he had not therefore made any motion on the subject. The claimants were so worn out by suspense and expectation, that it were better for them to be deprived alto Gentlemen of the house of commons-I thank you for the supplies which you have granted to me for the service of the present year; and I highly approve of the step you have taken with a view to the reduction of the unfunded debt. I am happy to be able to inform you that the re-gether not only of their claims but of their exist venue is in a course of continued improvement. ence. Four or five suicides had been occasioned My lords and gentlemen-On closing this session, by brokenness of heart. Ile had differed from I think it proper to inform you that it is my inten- them in their political opinions, yet he considered tion forthwith to dissolve the present, and to give they had a claim on the faith of the country. He directions for calling a new parliament. In mak-wished to be informed if any thing was to be done ing this communication, I cannot refrain from ad- for them next session. verting to the important change which has occur. red in the situation of this country and of Europe since I first met you in this place. At that period, the dominion of the common enemy had been so widely extended over the continent, that resistance to his power was by many deemed to be hop-less; and in the cxtremities of Europe alone was such resistance effectually maintained. The chancellor of the exchequer said, he felt the force of the observations of the honorable gentleman, but that he could hold out no hopes as to the claims in question. [Such is the reward of men who deserted the cause of their country, in the time of its need.] Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Plymouth, Eng. to his friend in New York, dated May 14th, 1818. By the unexampled exertions which you enabled me to make in aid of countries nobly con- "We are in great bustle, fitting out the guard tending for independence, and by the spirit which ships for a cruise in the channel. The Prince Rewas kindled in so many nations, the continent was gent is expected here in the month of June. Or at length delivered from the most galling and op.ders have been received from the navy board to pressive tyranny under which it had ever labored; and I had the happiness, by the blessing of Divine Providence, to terminate, in conjunction with his majesty's allies, the most eventful and sanguinary contest in which Europe had for centuries been en gaged, with unparalleled success and glory. The prosecution of such a contest for so many years, and more particularly the efforts which marked the close of it, have been followed with in our own country, as well as throughout the rest | of Europe, by considerable internal difficulties and distress. But deeply as I felt for the immediate pressure upon his majesty's people, I nevertheless complete with all possible despatch the stern of the line of battle ship Kent, building at our dock. yard. This vessel has a round stern, and, I have no doubt, that every seaman will give the decided preference to this mode of building. In an engagement the round ster can bring eight guns to bear upon the same angle. "The Iphigenia frigate is also fitting out in the most superb stile. This frigate is to convey the duke of Richmond, his family and suite, to Quebec, The upper deck has elegant apartments as far forward as the mainmast; the pannels are covered with moreen, of a fawn color; the mouldings and |