gence of any sort can be obtained which does not In addition to this, he receives ten per centum immediately relate to the place itself. The car on imports and experts-and has heaped together nival, which lasted three days, and the acclamation so much specie that, as an English physician obor coronation of the king, have interfered very much served, he can show more money than the bank of with our getting the little we wanted, or we should England. have let this before now, but we hope to be off on Sunday the 8th instant.

Letters from Hayti.

The people are wretched-greviously oppressed. His word is law. His nod is fate. The people cannot leave the towns or districts without passports; and, just before our arrival, he had ordered a thousand women to be selected in Cape Henry, and Extracts of letters from a gentleman on board the Hor-transported to the country to labor on the plantanet sloop of war, communicated for the Weekly Retions-the men being all under arms. The princi gister, dated at Port au Prince 5th of May, 1818.pal drudgery fails to the lot of the women. In a We had to beat through the Turk's Island passage; ride of about five miles on a Sunday morning to a thing very unusual indeed.—In truth, we found Haut du Cap, (a pretty country-house to which that nature seemed to be playing pranks with her foreigners are allowed to proceed for recreationown laws; having spoken vessels which reported just under Mt. Saint Martin, and near the ruined that the customary trade winds had failed for up- village of Haut du Cap,) we passed above three hun. wards of three weeks before, both at Trinidad and dred of them, coming to market-all carrying Montserrat; blowing from the W. and S. W. in-baskets of bananas, plantains, mangoes, and all stead of the E. and N. E points. What a foul verse the variety which this once charming land prome! It far exceeds the incident mentioned by duces.-The constant recurrence of ruined planta Humboldt in his Personal Narrative, p. 232, which tions, with the vestiges of spacious dwellings, he deemed so very remarkable. Perhaps, not- splendid gardens, and fine aqueducts excite melanwithstanding all this supposed irregularity,-per-choly ideas, and still proclaim (with the fruits and haps if a full series of observations had been made flowers of the East Indies, the Pacific ocean, &c. and handed down to us for some centuries, it &c. naturalized or introduced here by the French,) would appear that the irregularities remarked the taste, industry and skill, of its former inhabiof late, are periodical; occurring and recurring tants.-But these are gone-and power has passed at stated times; just as the French astronomers into the hands of a ci-devant St. Eustatia slave, have demonstrated that certain variations in the sold for his misbehaviour to a French planter of motions of the planets and comets happen as this quondam colony. Henry cannot read or write uniformly as the oscillations of the pendulum. So-He can subscribe his name however to instru then, I am resolved not to be superstitious, nor to ments; and is possessed of great energy of charae. suppose that dame nature has reversed or retarded|ter,—with a remarkable knack at discerning the her operations to thwart our infidel purposes?

leading traits of those with whom he has interAt Cape Henry, which exhibits the ruins of a course. If you believe half what is told you consuperb city, we were unexpectedly detained for cerning Henry's penetration, poor Lavater is a upwards of five days. His majesty, Henry I. play. child in comparison-and even Dr. Gall did not uned the king in great style-and gave an appearance derstand craniology half so well. In a word, king of deliberation to a measure which he had undoubt-Henry is a prodigy-the prince' of-of-je ne sais edly predetermined before our arrival.-After so- quoi-a most noble cavalier, and the young prinlemn ceremonies and the clearance of couriers and cesses royal paragons of beauty, virtue, and intellithe formality of despatches, he finally authorised gence, while the queen is an exemplary pattern of the baron Dupuys to hand his answer to Mr. Tay-piety. The establishment at Sans Souci,-the lor, containing pretexts for rejecting him as com-name will of course remind you of Frederick as mercial agent at the Cape. The real fact is, that well as of Christophe, the Great,-is on a grand he only sought to evade in this manner, reclama-scale--if we may believe report. But he is a fations for 300,000, or 400,000 dollars for past spo-vorite who can gain admission there. liations and unjustifiable confiscations. At Cape Henry is a Lancastrian school, on an ex

His majesty never appeared in this petty occasion;tensive plan, conducted by an English, gentleman nothing but grand matters draw him from his su and a very intelligent negro, educated in England perb retreat at Sans Souci, a village amidst very-There is also a classical school conducted by an lofty mountains about fifteen miles from the city. English clergyman-a school of anatomy, of which Nothing can surpass the grandeur of the landscape; Dr. Stewart is professor, chief surgeon to the hos its beauties are picturesque and sublime. The for-pital, and another English physician is the king's tress or citadel on the peak of one of the mountains favorite, enjoying also some lucrative privileges,-in his front, appears like an eagle's nest amidst the the clouds. If fort Henry (alias fort Ferrier) contains 300 pieces of brass ordnance,--as report sets forth,-and is garrisoned by expert artillerists, I cannot conceive what force would be capable of reducing it. I conclude that these pinnacles are absolutely impregnable.

Henry the first is a rigorous monarch. None of the European legitimates surpasses him in the most-princely qualities-not even the autocrat of all the Russias. He has created a band of nobility, and curbs them effectually. He exacts one fourth part of all produce, and claims both people and ierritory as his own property.

It is the work of hundreds for twelve or fifteen years, and the place still augme..ting.

(by the bye he is a clever fellow;) and there are two more English physicians at the Cape, one of whom is about publishing a botanical survey of the plants of Hayti."

There are four other Lancastrian schools in va

rious parts of the territories of Christophe-but, strange to tell!-their application to the dissemination of, or tuition in French, is discountenanced. It is said to be his majesty's intention to eradi. cate the French language by degrees, or at least to encourage the English for commercial and political purposes. I had this confirmed by too many persons to allow me to doubt of its authenticity,

At all events, these institutions are a credit to Mr. Wilberforce (canting hypocrite as he is,) and

Dr. S Birt.

traction. Similar emotions prevailed throughout the republic-a fact as honorable to the memory of the dead, as to the affectionate sensibility of the living.

to king Henry. Mr. W. is said to have exertel much influence with the latter, insomuch that he is greatly humanised, and, now (that he has obtain ed bayonets and gun powder in abundance) decently shoots or stabs such convicts as he used to have hurled from the top of Mount Ferrier down a ter-sketch of the scenery of this lovely island, and I am sorry I cannot steal time to give you a rific precipice, which shattered them into atoms-some account of its agriculture and commerce:Besides this, he does nothing that can give the This part of it is much better cultivated than Chrisleast disquiet to the legitimates who own millions tophe's, but, until a further experiment be made of slaves in neighboring islands-for freedom here as to the moral and political capabilities of the is rank slavery. Yet the prejudices of black blacks,† I shall not grieve that even the Spaniards against white, enables Henry to affect whatever he possess ths of the whole island-while Christophe pleases. His officers and soldiers look martially; holds about 1-8th, and this republic (as it is called) and, depend upon it, let prejudice suggest what it contains about 1-8th part also. inay, that in this climate, and amidst the defiles and declivities of Hayti, they are formidable anta- who give a very sombre picture of the government, I have conversed with some English gentlemen, gonists. If not invincible, they are nearly so. To do them justice, the officers and people were Venezuela; yet, are of opinion, that they may at. army, and military management of the patriots in very polite and civil to us-and were I to detail cheive their independence. Among their errors and the repeated entertainments given and offered us by weaknesses-they indulge in a base and savage the American, German and English residents, at jealousy of foreign officers of all sorts: nor have the Cape, I should produce this epistle to a tire-repeated disasters and defects opened their eyes some length. We never experienced more flat- to the importance of discipline and skill. Hence tering attentions.f-But, captain Reed was impa- British and other officers are disgusted and disap. tient to put to sea, and did so the very moment pointed in the highest degree. that Mr. T. received an unequivocal answer. By the way, I wish this gentleman had been located for a while at the Cape, as his deportment, I am sure, would have done credit to his country, and been useful to our countrymen.

We sailed from the Cape on the morning of the 18th ult. and anchored here, only on the 2d inst.

P. M.

rant or infatuated as to reject the means proper to What, then, must we think of a people so ignoobtain a desirable end?All we can observe, either with respect to this as other blemishes, is, that whatever vices or defects the South Americans have, Spanish policy caused them all-and that which has debased them can never regenerate Here we learned that the rumored death of pre-independence among blacks, or mulattoes, or Inthem. Shall we deprecate the establishment of sident Petion, was but too true. That distinguish-dians? Why should we sympathise with slaveed character expired above a month ago-and traders?-The decree is gone forth-and the slave there are very contradictory stories respecting the shall shake off his chains. If he makes a bad use cause of his exit. Though generally beloved-nay of his independence, we cannot help it.-To squanadored,—he had a few enemies in the army;-and der an inheritance, or abuse a privilege, is no new it appears that Petion himself had latterly sus-thing. Kings have proved bitter guardians to the pected a plot against his life. Under this per-lunatic and the insane, who could not take care of suasion, he grew melancholy, and declared that, themselves.--Could I indeed be persuaded, that with such base ingratitude, life was not worth pre- the majority of mankind will make no better figure serving, and when assailed by fever, obstinately in future than in past history, I would almost loath refused all medicine, or sustenance. Still he was the contemptible brood, and exclaim with Petion: the philosopher to the last-wrote his sentiments "it is not worth while to live."-I hope that Time and precepts for the benefit of his countrymen, contains better wares in the hinder part of his waland voluntarily marched to another world. let than that which he carries before. I refer you to the regular accounts. Of late, Petion had become indolent-and his excessive benevolence in several instances had become dangerous to the state. That was his leading quality. He was brave and politic, when occasion required; but, was sometimes seduced into injustice and intrigue against foreigners here. Yet, how do we know, that he was not reluctantly compelled to be unjust among Gentlemen of the house of representatives, people whose jealousies forbid equity to be accord-existing circumstances of the commonwealth, can A review of the past, and an examination of the cd to white men? They have a notion, that justice never be more pertinent or useful than on occasions is a thing for their own family-use, and means par-like the present.--The practical effects of laws tiality towards the blacks in all cases whatsoever. upon society furnish the legislator with the most Neither for personal insult nor for fraud, is it pos-instructive political lessons and the safest guides sible for a white man to obtain redress-and he must for his future conduct. Laws, which time, that so not dare to take it, unless he is prepared for "a unerringly developes the merit and demerit' of evejourney to the valley of Jehosaphat.- -General ry thing human, has proved to be adapted to the geBoyer, who succeeded Petion, is a man of decision mus and ci cumstances of the people, command reand bravery. For present times he is fitter than spectand challenge perpetuation. And such appears as predecessor.When news of Petion's death to be the happy adaptions of the civil statutes of the reached Leogane, it was on a market-day-nothing commonwealth, to our actual condition as to afford but lamentations and cries were heard-Every one exclaimed: "Our father is gone! We are undone!" and the people dispersed in grief, frenzy and dis

We returned them as far as circumstances permituted.

Legislature of Massachusetts.

Gentlemen of the senate, and

GOVERNOR'S SPEECH.

little room for legislative correction. The field of legislation, being us narrowed, the duties of the legislature will be less onerous, and you may pursue, with less divided attention, the melioration

And the whites cannot boast of perfection.

ment.

of the criminal code, and the promotion of objects augment the means of personal and social enjoyof general utility.

And it is worthy of particular remark, that ** Humanity has long bewailed the miseries which in some, if not most of the states, large appropriacrimes bave brought upon society; and the efforts tions of money have been made by their legislaof many individuals and of governments have been tures to animate individual labor and to give continually making to prevent their perpetration effect to combined enterprise. By a reference to Some very ingenious and learned men, particularly the statutes of Virginia it will be seen that soon of the last and present centuries, indulging in ab- after the termination of the late war, a "a board of stracted views of the human character and of hu. public works" was instituted, vested with full man rights, have proscribed all capital and corporal power to pledge that state in a limited ratio, as a punishments, not only as cruel and sanguinary, as party to any enterprise founded on public utility, unjustifiable and useless, but as tending to produce that should be approved by the board. By refer the crimes they were designed to prevent: And the ring to the statutes of the state of New York of a origin of punishment has been referred to an ardent more recent date, it will be found that the legislaspirit of domination; or to the malignant passions ture has assumed in behalf of that state, the con. of men in power.

struction of a canal from lake Erie to the confide Benevolence and humanity would delight in the ence of the Mohawk river with the Hudson, and of idea that crimes and punishinent were speedily to another canal to communicate with lake Champlain terminate. Hopes have even been cherished by and the last mentioned river. many philanthropists in our own country, that un- In concerns of high import, Massachusetts has der a mild and mitigated system of penal and cri- not been accustomed to want decision or zeal. Her minal law, the utility of public punishments would fiscal resources, liberated by the late repeal of the be diminished, or cease.' But deductions from the internal revenue laws of the United States, are vahypothetical rights of individuals, and the perfec. rious, and might be rendered productive. In the tability of man, are too subtle and indistinct to be present state of peace and general prosperity, rich assumed as practical maxims of jurisprudence. If as she is in agriculture, in her various fisheries, the right of a government to inflict a high degree and manufactures, but especially in her commerce of punishment be denied, it will be difficult to de. and the redundant capital of her citizens, she fine a point, at which the right to punish in any de ought to feel herself, without the pressure of ad. gree shall commence.

ditional taxes on the great body of the people, Meeting the general question upon the broad amply competent to every object of general imground of justice and public utility, the govern. provement and advantage that can offer itself to ment of Massachusetts, maintaining the right to her patronage. punish, has abolished many of the ancient laws The project of cutting a canal through the penin. which ordained the infliction of death as a punish: sula of Cape Cod, has repeatedly engaged the atment. An appeal to our present statutes will tention of the legislature.-The magnitude of that show that great improvements in favor of human object in relation not only to the coasting trade weakness have been effected. We can only, how- and commerce of this state, but of the United ever, permit ourselves to boast of an approximation States, and the facility of communication it would to a due adjustmert of punishments to the various afford, in the event of a war, between Massachugrades of offences. Crimes are daily perpetrated, setts bay and the waters learling to ports on the and much remains to be done. Even in the present Delaware and in the Chesapeake, as well as to the improved state of our own country, when the spi- contiguous states of Rhode Island, Connecticut and rit of liberty, of philosophy, and of the christian re. New York, unite in recommending the merits of ligion, have united to suppress vice and crimes, to the undertaking to thorough examination; whence mitigate the rigor of punishments and to endowmotives may be eventually derived for the govern. them with a reforming power, we painfully witness ment of this state, and that of the United States, the protracted prevalence of vice and depravity: efficaciously to further its accomplishment. And it continues to be the indispensable, though To encourage industry, the great source of comirksome, duty of a christian legislature, to ordainpetence, and the friend of health and good morals, punishment for crimes, and by good and whole. always merits the care of the legislature. Improve. some laws, protect the person, and property of menis in the arts is progressive: And, besides, that the orderly and virtuous, against the depredations prepossessions in favor of established customs and and outrage of the unprincipled and audacious. practices oppose themselves to reform, most men

The utility of a concentrated system of penal and are obliged to labor for subsistence, and pursue criminal law, in which punishment shall be gradu. those plans of execution to which they have been ated by the nature and aggravation of crimes, and habituated. In agriculture few individuals possess adapted to the actual state of society and public the means of instituting those extensive and elasentiment, was duly appreciated by your immediate borate experimenıs, by which the powers of soil predecessors; and I have great satisfaction in add. and climate are developed. Nothing perhaps can ing, that a revision of the criminal code of this more decidedly evince the intelligent and guardian commonwealth, was to the fullest extent referred care of the legislature over this interesting branch to a committee of three of our most learned and of political economy, than the establishment of the distinguished jurists, designated by the legisla. Massachusetts Agricultural Society, and other inture in the month of February last; from whose ta- stitutions for the advancement of similar objects, lents and labors we may anticipate the most saluta. logether with the liberal grants of money froin the ry results.

treasury, which have been made in aid of individual In adverting to objects of general utility, I limit contributions. Through the agency of these insti. my own views to inviting your attention io consi. tutions, and the persevering and generous efforts derations of that character. The present period of the gentlemen by whom they are administered, being a time of peace, the citizens not only of this a lively impulse has been imparted 10 agriculture, state, but of the other states in this confederacy, and every portion of the state is flourishing under are assiduously availing themselves of the moment their genial influence. to cultivate and improve the arts of life, and to Among the numerous objects which at all times are intere ting to the people and government of the against the moderate tax now laid on polls. But commonwealth, the department of the treasury is taxes on labor must increase its price, or be drawn one of the most prominent. Although, by the from that portion of the product of it, wbich, to adoption of the constitution of the government of maintain the laborer in full vigor, ought to be apthe United States, the several states have relin propriated to his subsistence. Taxes on polls and quished the most productive sources of the reve real estates, susceptible of being only annually nue, yet from those branches over which the states laid, and being slow and expensive in collection, retain a concurrent jurisdiction, a competent sup- must be circumscribed in ainount. But revenue ply, not only for the support of government and derived from trade and commerce, from duties on payment of the state debt may be derived, but for luxuries, and on articles which are consumed or extraordinary contingencies, and the occasional used only, or chiefly by the wealthy, wbiie they encouragement of any important branch of political admit of indefinite extension, are collected with economy that may solicit the fostering care of the promptness, with facility and little expense. state.

The secretary will lay before you, geotlemen, At this time it merits particular notice, that for for your information, the report of a special com. more than twenty years a considerable proportion mittee of the bouse of representatives in congress, of the money received into the treasury has been on the subject of the claiins of this commonwealth derived from the payment of the interest, and part against the government of the United Siates; toof the principal, of the United States' stock belong gether with sundry accompanying documents, ing to the commonwealth. Thus an amount of the the considerations of which report was post. six per cent. stock of the United States, amount. poned till the next session. Although the me. ing in the year 1786 to eight hundred and thirty-two rits of the claim have never been discussed in thousand five hundred and thirty four dollars, is the national legislature, yet, considering the nature reduced to twenty-four thousand, three hundred and magnitude of the objeot for which the expenand sixty-two dollars and eighty-seven cents; which ditures were incurred; the danger of menaced instock will be extinguished on the first day of Oc. vasion at the period when a large proportion of l!ie ter of present year. The deferred stock, which in disbursemenis was required, upon a maritime fron. the year 1802 amounted to four hundred and six tier of more than five hundred iniles in extent; the teen thousand, two hundred and sixty seven dol. remarkable unanimity of sentiinent which then pre. lars, is now reduced to one hundred and seventy vailed among all classes of our citizens, and ine four thousand, nine hundred and sixty six dollars cordiality with which they united their labors and and forty five cents. But by the arrangements of zeal in raising works of defence against the comthe the United States' treasury, under the provi- mon enemy; and more especially the liberal and unsions of sundry acts of congress, instalments of besitating manner in which the resources of the this stock are to be annually paid, together with state were employed as well for the defence of the the interest, until the first of October, 1824, when posts, navy and other property of the United States, this stock will likewise be extinguished.

as for the immediate protection of its own territo. From an estimate that has been communicated ry and population, we may confidently presume to me by the treasurer of the commonwealth, it ap. that the general merits of the claim will be duly pears that, extraordinary occurrences excepted, appreciated; and that the enlightened statesmen the balances or outstanding taxes in the hands of to whom are now confided the destinies of our collectors and sheriffs; the avails of the tax on nation will authorise a reimbursement. In this ex. banks; the sums arising from the payment of the pectation we feel the greater confidence from wit. interest, and several instalments of the principal nessing the adoption of those liberal and compre. of United States' stock; together with a small hensive views of general policy which have elevatamount of interest to be received fro:n sundry ined the United States to their present exalted grade dividuals who are debtors to the state, will enable in the scale of nations. the treasurer to mee: all the demands which will It is not deemed necessary on this occasion to be made upon his department, in the course of the advert to considerations, which have only an indi. current year. But inasmuch as the whole of the rect bearing on the subject in question. Whatever old six per cent. stock will be extinguished in Oc-agency Massachusetts may have had in establish. tober, and as it is probable tbat at least equal de ing the national government; or however great her mands will be made upon the treasury, in succeed. sacrifices, or valuable her contributions in supporting years, deficiency of revenue, after the expira- ing its existence and efficiency, in the spirit of tion of the present year, may occur. And it is amity and accommodation wbich produced the submitted to your wisdom, gentlemen, whether compact, we concede that she enjoys an equivalent: some mode of supplying the demand, and placing - And in estimating and remunerating her contrithe finances of the state upon a stable and produc. butions and various efforts for the public defence, tive foundation, should not in the mean time be de. she asks only the same measure of justice and vised? An arrangement of this nature will rise in cquity, that has been observed for analagous es. importance should a reduction and extinction of penditures towards her sister states. the debt of the state be contemplated.

That the constitution of the United States has In selecting sources of revenue all those consi- been productive of the most beneficial effects; that derations which apperiain to so delicate a subject, the blessings resulting from it have transcended will undoubtedly have their merited weight in the utmost liopes of the sages who framed, and your deliberations. The farming interest has ever the states which adopted it; are subjects of high been disposed to contribute its share of the fiscal gratulation and joy; and of devout gratitude io demands of the state; and on great emergencies, that Being who rules among the nations. But to wben dangers have pressed on the commonwealth, ensure a continuance of its beneficial effects, the its efforts have been limited only by the occasion. principles upon which it was founded must be main. The consequences however of drawing revenue too tained in their purity. copiously from this source, though first telt by the The primary apprehensions of many of its friends, agriculturist himself, operate remotely upon every which arose from an imagined imbecility in its class of society. Little objection can be urged structure, bave subsided; and the scvere irials it

has sustained sufficiently demonstrate its tone and all. From institutions founded on the basis of jus vigor. The proofs of its strength, however, have tice and equal rights, a peculiar spring and force been intermingled with admonitions of its tenden- has been imparted to the American character:cy to accumulate power by refinement and construc- And our nation, though but of yesterday, is rivaltion: And should the time arrive when the sovereign-ling in science, in arms and the useful arts, the atty of the states shall be merged in the general go- tainments of the most ancient and improved navernment, the catastrophe must probably be effect- tions of Europe, While then we admire, and ve ed by the extension of constructive prerogatives. nerate the wisdom of our fathers, let us unite in Whatever difficulties may occur in drawing a line sentiments of gratitude to a benevolent Providence between those rights which have been surrendered, for all our exalted privileges and social blessings. and those which are retained by the states it is to The secretary will lay before you a letter I have be remembered, that on every question of doubt- recently received from the hon. Eli P. Ashman, reful import, touching the distribution of power, a signing his seat in the senate of the United States. favorable construction is due the individual states, under a provision sacred as it is decisive, that all powers not expressly given are withheld.

Some further communications will be made to you hereafter by message; and I shall derive great satisfaction in uniting my own endeavours with yours to promote the public weal.

June 2, 1919.

JOHN BROOKS.

Indian War.

DESTRUCTION OF THE CHERAW VILLAGE.

Copy of a letter from D. B. Mitchell, esq, agent for Indian affairs, to governor Rabun, dated Milledgeville, May 6, 1818.

In support of this doctrine, which I deem essen. tial to the preservation of the true nature of our institutions of government, it is highly satisfactory to me to be able to cite the opinions of the president of the United States, and of his immediate predecessor. The opinions of the latter was expressed in giving his negative, among the last acts of his administration, to bill that had passed both houses of congress, on the subject of making ap. propriations for roads and canals. Among the rea sons he assigned for exercising the right of nega. tive, he observes, "that such a power is not expressly given by the constitution, and that it cannot be deduced from any part of it without an inadmissible latitude of construction; and believing also that the permanent success of the constitution depends on a definite partition of powers." And the president, in his message at the opening of the late session of the national legislature, expressed a concurrent opinion on the same constitutional question, upon the ground "that congress do not possess the right," assumed in the bill: "that it is not contained in any of the specified powers granted to congress; nor," the president adds, "can I consider it incident to, or as a necessary mean, for carrying into effect any of the powers specifically granted." Further to illustrate this important subject, and at the same time to point out the legitimate mode of acquiring power in instances where the distribution of it may be equivocal, the I present the case for the consideration of your message further adds that, "in cases of doubtful excellency, under a confident hope, that as the peoconstruction, it comports with the nature and ori-ple of Chebaw were not only friends, but that their gin of our constitutions, and will contribute much to preserve them, to apply to our constituents for an explicit grant of power."

SIR-On the 2d instant I received information that a party of mounted men had attacked and destroyed the Chehaw town on Flint river, and killed many of the inhabitants. From all I could then learn it appeared to be uncertain what troops they were, and under whose command, or by whose order this unwarrantable and barbarous deed had been done; and as the consequences cannot be foreseen which may result, when the justly exasperated warriors of the town return, and find their town and property destroyed;-their unoffending and helpless families killed or driven into the woods to perish, whilst they were fighting their and our enemies, the Seminoles; deemed it best to come to the state and endeavor to procure correct information. I now find that the party had been sent out by your orders, but failed to execute them; and that the attack on Chehaw was unau. thorized.

conduct during the present war entitle them to our favor and protection, some immediate step will be taken to render that satisfaction which is due for so great an injury.

the officers engaged in the enterprise.

I have the honor to enclose an extract of a letter reeceived from old Mr. Barnard on this subject, the contents of which is corroborated by a verbal statement of the Wolf Warrior, who came to me directly from the spot.

Under this aspect it must yield us the highest satisfaction to reflect that constitutional principles: The extent of their loss in a pecuniary point of bear with paramount weight on our national coun- view, I am not at this moment prepared to state, cils: and, forbearing on my part to interpose an but so soon as I return to the agency I will loose opinion on the subject of allusion, we may feel no time in having that ascertained; and in the confident that while the great and vital provisions mean time, permit me to suggest the propriety of of our constitution are thus tenderly and watch-instituting some legal enquiry into the conduct of fully guarded, the rights of the states and the liberties of the people will remain unimpaired. Gentlemen, we may recognize the general course, but can never enumerate the instances, of divine goodness to our fathers, nor to ourselves. Future events are inscrutable. But we see and feel that the condition of our country is flourishing and happy; and it demands our gratitude. The fathers of the revolution indeed promised us much; bat more is realized. They promised us liberty;-and on what portion of the earth were the blessings of it ever enjoyed to an equal extent? They taught us the value, and inspired the hope of religious freedom; and what impediment exists to limit the human mind in the pursuit of truth? What authority to bind and enslave the conscience? Nor is this

I leave this early in the morning for the agency, from whence I will address you again upon this subject.

1am, sir, with high consideration and respect your very obedient servant,

D. B. MITCHELL, agent for I. A. P. S. Since writing the above, I have received a letter from the Little Prince, speaker of the Lower Creeks, upon this subject, a copy of which I also enclose.