not noble in civil and military offices, literati, land | Brown, 16 guns, with a prize, has arrived at Savan. and mine holders, with about 500,000 persons in nah-she made 13 captures in her cruize, and des. inferior employments. The population of the 86 troyed all except two. towns amounts to 148,029 of whom there were 36 towns under 1000 persons, 25 of from 1 to 2000, eight, from 2 to 3000, eight, from 3 to 4000, six from 4 to 10,000. Carlscrona, 11,860; Gottenburg, 21 788, and Stockholm, 72,939. GREENLAND. Died, at Frankfort, Ky. Christopher Greenup, esq. a soldier of the revolution, and formerly governor of the state of Kentucky. He was much beloved, and is emphatically said to have been the poor man's friend. Died, recently at Wilmington, Del. Dr. Richard C. Dale, a much respected citizen of that place. The doctor, when the attack on the Chesapeake roused the feelings of America, entered the army as a captain and recruited a company, which he commanded for several years. This company was encamped at Terre aux Bœuf, near New Orleans, in 1809-the dreadful mortality at that place is notorious; but a rigid military discipline, support We feel much interested in the success of the expedition which has lately sailed from England, destined for the north pole and the re-discovery of old Greealand. The Norwegians planted a colony in this country about the year 982, and for some time it seems to have prospered-but it has not been visited for nearly four hundred years, having been rendered inaccessible by a vast frozen bar rier of ice, and the fate or condition of its inhabi-ed by his medical skill, kept his company healthy tants is entirely unknown. in the midst of contagion and death-his was the only company that did not lose a man. It is useful to record this fact. Connecticut legislature is in session. Every branch of the government is republican. The go vernor's speech shall be inserted next week. The concurrent testimony of all who have recently visited the high latitudes agrees in stating, that for 2 or 3 years past they have sailed over extensive parts of the Greenland seas which they always found theretofore covered with mountains of solid ice: a Mr. Scoresby says-"I observed in my last voyage (in 1817) about two thousand square leagues (18,000 square miles) of the surface of the Greenland seas, included between the parallels 76° and 800, perfectly void of ice, all of which has dis-is appeared within the last two years." It is on such evidence a hope is entertained that the pole may be reached, and long lost Greenland be visited. BARBARY POWERS. The plague carries off 50 persons daily at Algiers, after about 24 hours illness!-it has spread into the interior of the country. There is also a dreadful mortality among the cattle-and the dey is arresting persons and cutting off heads without any apparent cause and without any ceremony, to the great terror of all the people. He enjoys himself in luxurious cruelty, and has fortified his palace, expecting the reward of his crimes. Some of the principal Arab tribes are in a state of revolt. Subsequent accounts say, that the savage dey has died of the plague, and was succeeded by his former minister, Coggia-Cavalli. WEST INDIES. There is a report (we presume an idle one,) that a British feet of 29 sail has been seen off Porto Rico, for the purpose of taking possession of the island for services rendered to Spain, which the Spaniards were prepared to resist. BRAZIL. Rotation!-New York has 27 members of congress-it appears that only three of the present members are re-elected—and the most of the pre. sent members were not of the last congress. This not the effect of any political change. Georgia. An association for improving the navigation of Savannah river-another for building a steam ship, to ply as a packet between Savannah and Liverpool, and a third for a building and insurance bank, have all been fully subscribed for at Savannah. Specie.-A vessel has arrived at New York from London, reported to have $470,000 for the bank of the United States. Its timely importation will serve to fit out 2 or 3 of the 100 sail of vessels that we have engaged in the East India and China trade. Banking. The Cashiers of the bank of Virginia and of the Farmer's bank of Virginia, have given public notice, that, after the first of June next, no half note of either of those banks, or of any of their branches, will be received in payment, unless the exact corresponding half be presented with it for payment. sentenced to suffer death in Wayne county, North A kidnapper by the name of Jernigard, has been Carolina. Emigration from Europe has commenced early in the season. In a single New York paper we notice Many arrests were making at Pernambuco, with accounts of the arrival at that port of 5 or 6 ves. circumstances of peculiar cruelty, at our last ad- sels, and notices of the sailing of a number from vices. Prisoners were brought in from the country British ports-one from Glencastle with 173, and in parties of from two to fifty, and in one night 150 another from Greenock with 84 passengers. Ano. persons were taken from their houses and lodged ther paper, for a succeeding day, mentions the in the forts and prisons. The greatest consterna-arrival of six vessels from London, Liverpool and tion prevailed, and no one seemed to know why those proceedings have taken place. CHRONICLE. INDIAN WAR-For official letters and accounts of the progress of the war against the Seminoles, see Page 218. The Buenos Ayrean government sloop of war Independencia, of 15 guns, one a 42 pounder, and 14 18-pounders, and 150 men, under command of lieut. col. J. S. Grinalds, arrived at Baltimore on Wednesday last. She left the La Plata on the 17th Dec. with depatches for Brazil, and proceeded on a cruize. The Buenos Ayrean ship Union, capt. Newry, with 157 English and 88 Irish passengers. Colenization society-Letters have been received from Messrs. Mills and Burgess, the agents of the American colonization society-they arrived in London in December, after a very boisterous passage, in which they narrowly escaped shipwreck on the coast of France. They were received in England with the greatest kindness and attention, and every facility given them for prosecuting their researches in Africa, by some of the most distinguished characters in that country. After procuring much valuable information in England, and ob|taining letters to the governor of Sierra Leone, and other establishments in Africa, they sailed for that country carly in February.—-¿Nat. Ini. Army staff-In the new organization of the staff the vessel, his head a considerable distance on one of the army, by the late law, and the arrangements side the vessel and his tail the other-he played of the war department, as we understand them, the around us about five hours-I and my crew had principal office of each branch of the military ser-probably the best opportunity of seeing him that vice will be stationed at the seat of government, has occurred-I judge him to be, at the least, forming bureaus under the secretary of war, so twice the length of my schr. say one hundred and constituted as to give precision, energy and thirty feet-his head was about the size of a ship's promptness to the army machinery. The want of long boat, say fourteen feet-his body, below the such an organization at the commencement of, and neck, at least, six feet diameter-his head was during the late war, caused so many embarrass-large in proportion to his body—his tail was formed ments, that no one can doubt the good policy of congress in affording the means, and the judgment of the execution in employing them, to carry this arrangement into operation. The knowledge gained by experiments which cost millions, will be thus preserved, without increased expense, within the reach and control of the proper department.-Nat. Int. Engineer department, Washington, 12th May, 1818. MILITARY ACADEMY ORDERS.-The pay and sub. sistence of all cadets who neglect to join the military academy on the expiration of their furloughs, will be stopped; nor will the pay and subsistence so stopped be issued to the cadets, unless they can assign the most satisfactory reason for their absence. Any cadet who shall be absent without leave for a longer period than two months, will be discharged from the service of the United States. By command of the secretary of war. G. J. SWIFT, Chief engineer. A GREAT SEA SERPENT! like a squid's-his body was of a dark color and peared to be done by contracting his body in a num- Hingham, May 12, 1818. ward, we certify to the correctness of it. Plymouth, ss. Personally appeared, Joseph Woodward, Peter above statement by them subscribed is just and Holmes and John Mayo, and made oath, that the JOTHAM LINCOLN, jr. Just. Peace. Boston, May 14. [The following is a very interesting account of the SEA SERPENT, seen on Satur-true-before me, day last. The respectability of the source of the annexed certificates, places the matter beyond a doubt, and we think capt. Woodward has had a more minute view of this serpent, than it was possible for any one to have had of the one seen last summer, off Cape Ann.] AFFIDAVIT. Labor Saving Machinery. TO THE EDITORS OF THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. I, Joseph Woodward, master of the sch. Ada- ment, under the signature of E. in which the imYour paper of the 13th January contains a statemant, of Hingham, on my passage from Penobscot portant invention of Whitney's cotton gin is greatly to Hingham, on Saturday last, at 2 o'clock, P. M. undervalued. It is there estimated to be equal in Agementicus bearing W. N. W. ten leagues dis- value to the labor of three thousand men. Your tance, discovered something on the surface of the correspondent might much more correctly have eswater, apparently about the size of a ship's long timated its value to be equivalent to the labor of boat. Supposing it to be the wreck of some vis-three hundred thousand men. sel, I made towards it; and on approaching it, to my surprise and that of my crew, discovered it to be a monstrous sea serpent-as we approached him, he threw himself into a coil* and darted himself forward with amazing velocity; the wind being ahead, it became necessary to stand on the other tack, and as we approached him again, he threw himself into a coil as before, and came across our bows at not more than sixty feet distance. cleaned with Mr. Whitney's machine, about one There is now annually raised in the U. States, and hundred millions of pounds of short staple cotton. To pick that quantity by hand, in the manner in which this species of cotton was separated from its seeds before his invention, would require the constant labor of three hundred and thirty thousand persons. The manual labor required to clean the Having a gun charged with a ball and shot, I dis-gin, can now easily be performed by three hundred above quantity of cotton with the aid of Whitney's charged the contents of it at his head. The ball men, if constantly employed through the year. As and shot were distinctly heard to strike him and a labor-saving machine, it is believed there is none, rebound as though fired against a rock-he, howe- either of ancient or modern invention, which ver, shook his head and tail most terribly-he again threw himself into a coil and came towards us with his mouth wide open. In the mean time, I had charged my gun again and intended to have discharged the contents of it into his mouth; but he came so near us, I was fearful of the consequences, and withheld it-he came close under the bows of the sch. and, had she not been kept away, must have come on board of us-he sunk down under However extraordinary the above statement may "The word "coil" does not exactly represent I am informed, which adds nothing to the honor of appear, it is nevertheless true. It is also a fact, as the idea of the serpent's appearance; but from a the United States, that Mr. Whitney himself has more particular description given by capt. Wood-realised very little emolument from this invention ward, it was of an undulatory appearance. can be compared to it.-By the aid of this invaluable improvement, our southern states are increasing in wealth beyond all former example. ed States, must greatly exceed one hundred millions The benefits already derived from it to the Unitof dollars; and to estimate its annual value, for the future, at ten millions of dollars, would be fixing it at a low rate. F. NEW SERIES. No. 14-VOL. II] BALTIMORE, MAY 30, 1818. [No. 14-VOL. XIV. whole No. 352. THE PAST-THE PRESENT-EOR THE FUTURE. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. Many persons will, no doubt, be surprised at the non-continuance of the essays on the "PaperSystem." We had expected and made arrange ments for them the last week and this; and are just informed that the delay did not belong to the Author. The series will be resumed next week. The names of our heroes. been carried on in some of the Eastern news papers. Gen. Dearborn, in giving an account of the battle of BUNKER'S HILL, depreciated the merit usually ascribed to gen. Putnam, for the part he took in that memorable affair; a warm replication has been made by a relative of the latter, and several persons seem to take sides in the controversy. other deceased soldier or statesman of the times that truly tried men's souls) has received more credit in the public estimation than he merited, I lament a discussion about it—it can only tend to lessen a national pride that constitutes a part of the national strength. Such are my notions as to this matter; and I am also of opinion that, although a man should never say any thing but the truth, there are many occasions in which it is both rightful and expedient for him to remain silent. I do not mean to take any part in this controversy; and what I have said is intended reference to the honored dead or respected only as a general remark, without any special living. Origin, progress and end of Banking: WITH A I have not had time to read the articles above alluded to, though I have carefully preserved them, and, of course, cannot form an opinion PROPOSITION TO ESTABLISH A NEW ONE! It has been well observed by the elegant as to the rightfulness of either party. But the agitation of the question is sincerely to be re-writer of the "Paper-System," that the present gretted. The names of our heroes constitute race of money-makers are the legitimate dea part of the moral strength of the republic-scendants of those that FURITY lashed out of they stand fixed as in a constellation to light us the temple of Jerusalem. The remark is most and posterity to patriotism-and any thing that just, and obvious to the understanding of every impairs their brilliancy is to be deprecated. man. Putnam, certainly, was a brave man as well as Long after the period when the speculat an honest one; he passed through the revolu- ing Jews were whipped out of the temple, tion with honor, and left the service only be-the first institution of banks (as we are incause disease (a paralytic affection) had de- formed by the Encyclopedia) was in Italy, stroyed his usefulness, with the entire confi- where the Lombard Jews kept benches in the dence of the commander in chief, by whom he market places for the exchange of money and was ever afterwards tenderly remembered. I bills; and banco being the Italian name for have always been accustomed to look up to him bench, banks took their title from the word”— as a sample for perseverance and intrepidity, blunt honesty and unsophisticated patriotism; PLACES. and to regard him as a man who by the powers the present race which is at the top of the These Jews, however, were much better than of his own mind, was enabled to raise himself i. e. from the JEWS' BENCHES IN THE MARKET to the high rank of a major-general in the re-wheel; they gave money in exchange for money volutionary war, to support it with reputation, and bills--ours give rags for lands and houses, and resign it with the regret of all the friends and money and bills, and the product of labor. of freedom. What possible good can result in other respects they are alike--the Jews depriving me (and tens of thousands of others) would not work, nor will our speculators-of the pleasing sensations that belong to the they lived by twisting and turning, and making contemplation of such a character? An affec-false representations of the true value of things tionate respect and grateful remembrance of which they wished to buy, or in putting up the Putnam--injures no one, wrongs not any one, worth of such as they wished to sell, and so the dead or the living-nay, it forms au inteThe name of do our money-manufacturers gral part of the regard due to revolutionary *Money manufacture: 3.”—Justice does not seem worth, and cannot be separated in the reflect- to hold her scales even in respect to the moneying mind without violence to its best feelings makers. If a bank passes upon me a note for Spe concerning the common stock of virtue and dollars which is only worth four, the operation is patriotism, evinced in the struggle for inde- the same to me as if I had received a one dolla. pendence without a dilapidation of the edi-conte fenote. Nav, the latter is less provoki -because if I can catch the fellow that made it, I ice erected to glory in the hearts of men.- may severely punish him for it—but the former are Hence, even if it is true that Putnam (or any gentlemen of too much distinction to be thus treate!; Vor XIV-16. a Jew and rag-baron" is synonimous; exact-required. I warn the people of this in time; ing the pound of flesh nea, est the heart," if it and seriously advise every man to make all be conditioned for in the "bond"—and they possible exertion, even to sacrifice something, take care to have the penalty strong enough. to discharge any debt he may owe a rag-bank, Though with long knives the modern Shylocks before its directors, or trustees, shall refuse to do not stand prepared, trembling with savage receive its own notes in payment---as will be Joy, literally to cut the flesh from the hearts of the case in many instances. But I again claim the people--yet, with like animation and ec- their protection, countenance and support for stary, they view the progress of a well-laid such institutions as honestly endeavor to pay, scheme to break the heart of any man possessed and do pay, as far as they can and without of a good farm, a handsome house, or ought shuffling, the demands made upon them. We else that they have cast their lustful eyes upon. shall thus separate the wheat from the chaff; Nor is there any friendship in trade-RUIN gather the one into the garner, and consume IS THE WORD, no matter or whom it falls---the other with a just indignation. that they may provide for their families." Among the banks that have lately "shut Such is the origin and progress---now for the up shop," is that of St. Louis, Missouri. A end of banking: reformation or punishment of long and luminous exposition of its affairs is guilty speculation, or the vassalage of the ho-published by the presidet, on behalf of the nest and deserving. The people, blessed be directors, in which its failure is attributed to heaven, have yet the power to decide which of the speculations of the cashier, who traded in these two events shall happen. bills to a vast amount, with as much dexterity The rags of three of the country banks as certain cashiers and clerks do, that I of Maryland stand about thus in the money-know something about. But the cashier of the market---20, 25 and 60 per cent. discount: bank of St. Louis was too greedy---he wished The people who hold the bills of those manu- to realize a fortune by paper in a few weeks, factories ought immediately to sue or warrant and this he seems to have done, though he has for their amounts; and for those of small sums broken the bank by it. It is but just to add, additional security must be given, which may that so far as the directors were concerned, be good when the proud banks shall have re-the bank of St. Louis appears to have been hoceived merited extermination: though, per-nestly conducted; and, by their exposition, italhaps, some of those who have profited by them so seems that they are quite able, finally, to remay, unfortunately, escape a disgorgement of deem all their notes, and are resolved to do so. their ill-gotten wealth, having fixed it in real I do not know that if ever since the news of property. The people ought every where to Jackson's victory, at New Orleans, I have redo this with every bank that, not paying its ceived a piece of intelligence that afforded me debts, has the insufferable impudence to make more sincere pleasure than the following, from a dividend of profits; not only as a matter of the Niagara Journal, printed at Buffalo, justice, but as also one of interest---for I now N. Y. of the 12th instant: have no doubt, that the bills of a bankrupt bank "Election"-The returns of votes in this county will not be received in payment for debts due afford to Mr. Phelps, a majority of two hundred by individuals to such bank. Money will bend sixty-two over the BANK candidate. This ma though, in numerous instances, the capital of the one is just as valuable as that of the other: whilst one, however, rides in a coach and proclaims the success of his manufactory on the house top, the other bides himself in caverns, cellars and garrets, and avoids the view of the world. We see that a multitude of bills, pronounced to be counterfeit, and of several banks, have lately been found in a stable in New York. Is England, too, where forgery has been practised extensively by the ministry and openly advocated ia parliament, they are banging up people, men and wonen, by dozens, for imitating and issuing notes of the bank. See page 237.0 Forgery is only fraud. I have ten or twelve pieces of paper which I received as money-they are not money, not worth more than so much blank paper; ergo, they are forgeriza. If it be said that I ought to have known the value of these notes when I received them-I admit it. But the same rule will require it of me, also, to be able to distinguish real from false bank notes. I cannot see any essential distinction between the two classes of money-makers. All the lawyers," and let them argue the case. jority, tho' much less than in justice it should have been, is still flattering, when a view is taken of the fearful means that are possessed and were unremit tingly exerted by the dominant bank faction, to procure the election of their candidate. From the statement made by the bank of Niagara to the legis lature, it appears that there are upwards of two hundred thousand dollars due to the institution, much the greater part of it probably from citizens of this county, few of whom are able promptly to meet their engagements. When it is considered that the control of these immense demands is in the hands of a few active partizans, and the alarming hold it must give them on the properties and princi The exposition gives a full length portrait of the cashier, as a spe-cu-la-tor. But what did he do? Presuming upon his official situation, he drew bills which he knew would not be paid as promised, and exchanged them for other bills which he supposed would be paid. He did nothing more-no, not any thing more. Why then so much clamor about him? the like honest spe-cu-la ti-on is carried on every day by banks, and the people yet bear it with the patience of slaves Come-come;-let little fellows live as well as big ones-there is room enough for all-in "brother Jonathan's" credulity. น ples of their debtors, we have great reason to re-, put offices on wheels, on ship-board, or in baljoice that so many citizens had firmness and inde-loons, for the general accommodation of all pendence to resist and withstand the overwhelm- nations; to discount running, sailing and flying i fluence of these banking politicians." Now, what are the peculiar merits of this ing--so that the exchange between different countries, planets and stars, may be equalized electioneering contest is neither known to, nor cared for by me. Mr. Phelps" is my man; and regulated, and rag-payments be duly supand Niagara county may become as famous for ported. having taken the first great stand at the polls against a bank, as the Falls are celebrated for their awful grandeur,---as the adjacent field is renowned for deeds of desperate courage arms. It is at the polls that legislative folly (or something worse) about banks, must be corrected, to prevent their extension; the firmness of individuals will coerce justice from, or cause the extinction of those that are. in Here is the place to provide for the election of presidents and directors, in the usual way; but as every body has a copy of a bank charter, it is not worth while to insert the provisions at present.] As soon as the stock is subscribed for an election shall take place, and any sort of a proxy will be received: and the directors chosen shall instantly prepare for the operations of the bank by building $65 paper mills, and But, after all, I am in favor of even the hiring a reginient of engravers, &c. and one establishment of new banks, provided, never-hundred deputy presidents and as many deputheless, they are bottomed upon a legitimate ty cashiers shall be appointed to sign the notes, foundation. Much good might be done with that their uniformity may be preserved! And one of an adequate capital, properly located and wisely conducted. The following plan fully explains my ideas on this subject: PLAN FOR A NEW BANK. further, that the said paper mills may always have a sufficiency of materials, and otherwise be advantageously eonducted--the rag bank of the universe" shall receive all national deposits of rags, and at least one third of the directors shall be "practical" paper makers. The rates at which the subscriptions to the capital stock shall be received is fixed as follows: old shirts. A full chemise waggoner's freck, pair of trowsers do. hose, if not much darned 1 The stock shall consist of one thousand millions of old shits---divided into shares of 100 old shirts each, to be paid in by ten equal instalments, one-tenth on each share being paid at the time of subscribing---with a proviso, that the 2d, Sd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th instalments may be paid in by STOCKNOTES, Secured by an assignment of the stock of the bank. But no eight individuals shall hold, by any manner of means, more than oneOther articles according to weight, at 5 cents half of the whole capital stock of this institution--and, at least, FIFTY bona fide possessors per b. provided always that flaxen or hempshall be necessary to have or hold three-fourths en linens and stuffs are only received; the of the same: this bank being designed for growers of cotton being, at present, rather opuniversal good, every possible obstruction is posed to the rag system. Strong hopes, howeintended to be thrown in the way of specula-ver, are entertained, from certain late movements in the south, that collons may be taken in deposit, to oblige our friends in that quarter. tion! 2 The title of the bank shall be."THE RAGBANK OF THE UNIVERSE:" the mother bank shall And, to encourage the sale of the stock subbe seated at Lottery-ville, with branches at Hooks-town*, Gorans-town, all near Balti-scribed for, a brigade of bellows-makers and more, Owl Creek, Botany Bayt and Twistersburg, and such other places as may be here after selected in any part of the world, by the directors---who shall also have power to blowers shall be employed to inflate its value; and a rangements be entered into to pay the dividends at Van Deiman's land, and such other places as may be thought necessary to assist the rise of said stock. This skeleton of a plan is sufficient to shew These places are so large and so very important, that it frequently happens, when a person is in one of my wishes. If it meets the public approbathem, he asks how far is it to"-Govans town, for tion, I will fill up the outlines; but being a instance! How blind is mankind! how regardless of merit! I do not know of any places unoccupied more paper-monger myself, I hope at least to resuitable for the sites of barks than those I have ceive an appointment as one of the deputy prenamed. The mother bank must be fixed at Lottery-sidents fo my invention. with a salary of 9000 ville!-"that's flat." old shirts a year,---et cete ra! And, in the sucIt is a serious fiet, that the felons transporte cess of this great project, which is to equalize to Botany Bay, and others, have associated, and the currency, support the governments, proobtained a charter from gov. Macquarie, with the test the agriculture, defend the manufactures. accustomed privileges, to establish a bank-the tend the commerce, ulster 'he mechanics, and capital stock is to be £20,000, and the manufactory | of p per-mony was expected imm diately to com Դ invigore the laborers of all the world, and of ey planet or star lighted by our sun, |