fund, has lately received from him the following as many heads of families in a ward as there are highly interesting communication, in reply to a let militia (as I think we may, the unmarried militia ter addressed to him on the subject of the system men balancing, in numbers, the married and unof primary schools, set forth in the bill offered on married exempts) $150 on 67 heads of families the 5th inst. in the house of delegates as a substi- (if levied equally) would be $2 24 on each. At tute for the bill reported by the committee of schools and colleges: Enquirer. MONTICELLO, JAN. 14, 1818.

DEAR SIR,,

the same time the property tax on the ward being $5000:-12, or $416, and that again subdivided on 67 heads of families (if it were levied equally) would be $6 20 on a family of middling circumstances, the tax which it now pays to the state. So that to $6 20, the present state tax, the school tax, would add $2 24, which is about 36 cents to the dollar, or one third to the present property tax: and to the whole state would be $150 x 1200 wards equal to $180,000 of tax added to the present $500,000.

When on the 6th inst. I was answering yours of Dec. 29, I was so overwhelmed with letters to be answered, that I could not take time to notice the objection stated, "that it was apprehended that neither the people, nor their representatives, would agree to the plan of assessment on the wards for the expenses of the ward schools." I suppose that by this is meant the "pecuniary expense of Now let us see what the present primary schools wages to the tutor;" for, as to what the people are cost us, on the supposition that all the children of to do, or to contribute in kind, every one who knows 10, 11 and 12 years old are, as they ought to be, at the situation of our people in the country, knows it school: and, if they are not, so much the worse is will not be felt. The building the long houses will the system; for they will be untaught, and their employ the laborers of the ward three or four days ignorance and vices will, in future life cost us much in every 20 years. The contributions for subsis-dearer in their consequences, than it would have tence, if averaged on the families, would be 8 or 9 done, in their correction, by a good education. lbs. of pork, and half a bushel of corn for a family I am here at a loss to say what is now paid to of middling circumstances-not more than two our English elementary schools, generally, through day's subsistence of the family and its stock-and the state. In my own neighborhood, those who less in proportion as it could spare less. There is formerly received from 20s. to 30s. a scholar, now not a family in the country so poor as to feel this have from 20 to 30 dollars; and having no other incontribution. It must then be the assessment of formation to go on, I must use my own numbers, the pecuniary contribution which is thought so the result of which, however, will be easily corformidable an addition to the property tax we now rected, and accommodated to the average price pay to the state that "neither the people, nor their through the state, when ascertained; and will yet, representatives would agree to." Now, let us look I am persuaded, leave abundance of difference bethis objection in the face, and bring it to the uner-tween the two systems. ring test of figures;-premising that this pecuniary tax is to be of 150 dollars on a ward.

Taking a medium of $25, the 40 pupils in each ward now cost $1000 a year, instead of $150, or Not possessing the documents which would give $15 on a family, instead of $2 24; and the 1200 me the numbers to be quoted, correctly to an unit, wards cost to the whole state $1,200,000 of tax, I shall use round numbers, so near the truth that, in addition the present $500,000, instead of 180, with the further advantage of facilitating our cal-000 only; producing a difference of $1,020,000 in culations as we go a long, they will make no sensible error in the result. I will proceed therefore on the following postulates, and on the ground that there are in the whole state 100 counties and cities.

The free white inhabitants of all ages and.
sexes, at the last census were
The number of militia was

The number of captain's

somewhere about

companies, of 67 each

would be about

Free white inhabitants for

The tax on property paid

every militia company, 600,000:-1200

In the, In every
whole county on
state. anaverage

600,000 80,000

1,200

500

500,000

800

12

00

favor of the ward system, more than doubling the present tax, instead of adding one-third only; and should the price of tuition, which I have adopted from that in my own neighborhood, be much above the average thro' the state, yet no probable correction will bring the two systems near a level.

But take into consideration, also, the important difference, that the $1,200,000 are now paid by the 6,000 people, as a poll-tax, the poor having as many chil dren as the rich, and paying the whole tuition money themselves; whereas, on the proposed ward levies the poor man would pay in proportion to his hut and peculium only, while the rich would pay on their palaces and principalities. I cannot, then be that the people will not agree to have their tuito the state is nearly 5,000 tion tax lightened by levies on the ward rather than Let us then proceed on these data, to compare the on themselves; and I as little believe that their expense of the proposed and of the existing sys-"representatives," will disagree to it; for even the tem of primary schools. I have always supposed that the wards should be laid off as to comprehend the number of inhabitants necessary to furnish a captain's company of militia.-This is before stated at 500 persons of all ages and sexes. From the tables of mortality (Buffon's) we find that where there are 500 persons of all ages and sexes, there will always be 14 in their 10th year, 13 and a frac. tion in their 11th, and 13 in their 12th year; so that the children of these three years (which are those that ought to be devoted to the elementary schools) will be a constant number of 40, about enough to occupy one teacher constantly. His wages of $150, partitioned on these 40, make their teach ing cost $3 1-2 a-piece, annually. If we reckon

rich himself, will be repaid by the then rich, to first institutions of religion-on some of the most his descendants when become poor, and thus give important articles of the Christian religion in conthem a chance of rising again. This is a solid nexion-and on the several virtues and vices of consideration, and should go home to the bosom mankind; with occasional discourses. Being a comof every parent. This will be seed sowed in fer- pilation from the best sentiments of the polite tile ground. It is a provision for his family looking writers and eminent sound divines, both ancient o distant times, and far in duration beyond that and modern, on the same subjects properly conhe has now in hand for them. Let every man count nected, with improvements; particularly adapted backwards in his own family, and see how many for the use of chiefs of families and students in generations he can go, before he comes to the an. divinity, for churches, and for the benefit of mankind cestor who made the fortune he now holds. Most in general,” 26 vols. 8vo. 1795–1807. will be stopped at the first generation, many at the The history of this voluminous work, affords an 211, few will reach the 3d, and not one in the state example of perseverance that can scarcely be go beyond the 5th.

paralleled in the annals of literature, though so I know that there is much prejudice, even among fertile in curiosities. Mr. D. having completed bis the body of the people, against the expense and collection, at first issued proposals for publishing even the practicability of a sufficient establishment it by subscription: but as he was poor, and for of elementary schools, but I think it proceeds from obvious reasons, his theological labors obtained no vague ideas on a subject they have never brought patronage, he resolved to print it himself, that is, to the test of facts and figures; but our represen. with his own hands. With a press which he made tatives will fathom its depth, and the people could himself, and as many worn and cast off types, and would do the same, if the facts and considera- purchased from a country printing office, as were tions belonging to the subject were presented to suficient to set up two pages, he fell to work in their minds and their subsequent as certainly as 1795. Performing, with the assistance of his female their previous approbation, would be secured. domestic, every operation, and working off page by

But if the whole expense of the elementary page, he struck off forty copies of the first three schools, wages, subsistence and buildings are to hundred pages; 26 of the which he distributed come from the literary fund, and if we are to wait among the Universities, the bishop's the royal so. until that fund shall be accumulated to the requi. ciety, and the reviewers, hoping no doubt to receive site amount, we may justly fear that some one un- from some of those quarters, that encouragement lucky legislature will intervene within the time, to which he thought himself entitled. Disappointed change the whole appropriation to the lightening in this expectation, he resolved to spare himself of taxes, and leave us where we now are.

the expence of paper in future; and as he had There is, however, an intermediate measure reserved only fourteen copies of the forty with which might bring the two plans together. If the which he commenced, three of which he mentions literary fund be of one and a half million of dollars, as being imperfect, he continued to print that num: take the half million for the colleges and universi. ber, and at the end of twelve years of unremitting ty, it will establish them meagrely and make a de. toil, finished the whole twenty-six volumes.—Dis posite of the remaining million. Its interest of daining any assistance, he then put them in boards, $60,000 will give $50 a year to each ward, towards with his own hands, and made a journey to London the teacher's wages, and reduce the tax to 24 in- for the express purpose of depositing a copy in each stead of 36 cents to the dollar; and as the literary of the most eminent public libraries of the metrofund continues to accumulate give one-third of the polis. increase to the colleges and university, and two thirds to the ward schools. The increasing inte. rest of this last portion will be continually lessen.

European Emigration. ing the school tax, until it will extinguish it alto. The following is translated from a Vienna paper-gether; the subsistence and buildings remaining and is purely of European manufacture. The ignoalways to be furnished by the ward in kind. rance betrayed in ii is only equalled by its want of

A system of general instruction, which shall truth. It is pretended to leave been written in reach every description of our citizens from the Boston. richest to the poorest, as it was the earliest, so will Boston, July 4.–The rage for emigration to this it be the latest of all the public concerns in which country from Europe, prevails to so great a degree, I shall permit myself to take an interest. Nor am that all the ships which arrive are crowded with I tenacious of the form in which it shall be intro. emigrants, in a half starving condition. duced. Be that what it may, our descendants will The principal part of those who have lately arbe as wise as we are, and will know how to amend rived, are Swiss, Wurtemburgers and Palatines. and amend it until it shall suit their circumstances. Last week, four ships arrived here from Holland, Give it to us, then in any shape, and receive for the with 1,250 Swiss on board, from Basle and Zurich, inestimable boon the thanks of the young and the and who are in the most wretched oondition. In blessings of the old, who are past all other services New York there are 1600 of such emigrants, Irish, but prayers for the prosperity of their country and Scotch and Germans, in a more lamentable condiblessings to those who promote it.

tion than the Lazaroni of Naples. Several large TH. JEFFERSON. soup louses have been opened as a temporary ex

perlient to keep these poor wretches from famine.

Agreeably to the wishes of several respectable Perseverance.

gentlemen in this city, I request you will, sir, have In a "Biographical Dictionary of the living authors ihe goodness to give publicity in the Vienna jourof Great Britain and Ireland,” published in London, nals, to the true situation of these deluded emi. in 1816, is a notice of the rev. William Dary, A. B. grants; since it appears that the most erroneous curate of Lustleigh, Devorishire, formerly of Baliol opinious prevail in Europe respecting the staic of college, Oxford. This gentleman is the editor, things in America. (No wonder, if whill follows is printer and publisher of a compilation entitled, “A consiciered as true in Europe.] The whole of the system of Divinity, in a course of Sermons on the American cuast, from the mouth of the St. Law

2

rence to the Mississippi, is very populous, and the public--when privateer sailors have led about,
country well peopled and cultivated to the extent of and sold their shares of the spoil to the highest
from 500 to 2000 miles from the sea coast! What is bidder. What a specimen of government! What
called emigrants' land, lies at the distance of 3000 a proof of connection with Mexico and Venezuela
English miles from any of the Atlantic states, and that forbid this traffic in the new government.
the journey thither must be made on foot.
But has the president been informed of all this?
Can we suppose that the public officers have been
silent spectators of all these horrors? The partial
publication of these reports answer such interroga-
tion-this is but a faint picture of this monstrous
trade. All that has been written and said on the
subject of barbarity and cruelty, is yet extant,
whenever it is tolerated, and man when he made a
trade of his fellow, like the hyena, becomes "the
fellest of the fell." This much for humanity's
sake-but for the law, it was the duty of the presi-
dent to prevent its violation by driving from our
frontier this horde of marauders, who disregarded
and insulted it, and thanks to him-he has done so.

America has no need of artizans and mechanics, for all kinds of manufactured goods are imported cheaper than they can be made in this country. The stores are every where filled with English goods, which can be purchased at any price. Pro visions are four times dearer in the United States, than in Germany; the expense of my board is 13 dollars a week. I must also add, that during the long and rigorous winter season, which lasts here in general from seven to eight months, there is no employment whatever for the laboring poor.

Horrible Picture.!

Finances of Virginia.

The following are the heads of a report of the com-
mittee of finances of the house of delegates, re-
specting the probable disbursements for the year
to end on the 30th Sept. 1818.

nals

Guards in the county
Guards at Richmond

EXPENSES.

$67,000
87,000
26,000

Slaves transported 7,000-Lunatic hospital
7,000

Contingent for military purposes
Do. for civil purposes
Officers of militia.
Sinking funds

Manufactory and repair of arms, collection
and distribution, &c.

RECEIPTS.

53,000

24,000

10,000

16,000

14,000

10,000

10,000

6,700

110,000

90,000

From the Savannah Republican.-If there had been no other motive for the suppression of the Amelia expedition, a sufficient reason would be found, in putting a stop to the importation of Africans, and the measure would have done equal honor to the head and heart of our chief magistrate. Have the wise and virtuous of our own country General assembly enacted laws, only for the purpose of having them Civil officers, including sheriffs, &c.. violated? Are abolition societies daily established Commissioners of the revenue in the different sections of our republic in mere Penitentiary, including the removal of crimimockery? Or are we in earnest, in desiring to put an end to this traffic, so odious in the sight of God Criminal charges and man? Are proofs wanting? We refer to the records of Savannah. Will it be credited, that a regular chain of posts is established from the head of St. Mary's river to the upper country, and through the Indhan nation, by means of which, these emaciated wretches are hurried and transferred to every part of the country. The woodsmen of the country, bor. dering on the river St. Mary's, ride, like so many Arabs, loaded with slaves, ready for market. Pursuit is useless, they push through uninhabited parts, known only to themselves; and with a spirit | A number of other items swell the whole amount of enterprize, fitted for better purposes, elude all to $573,100. search. If ready for forming a caravan, an Indian alarm is created, that the woods may be less fre. The calculation of receipts for the year to comquented; if pursued in Georgia, they escape into mence on the 1st October 1818, are as follows: Florida. What will the humane say, when told of From the tax on lands and lots in town $236,300 the horrors of these miserable Africans? One small On slaves schooner of about 60 tons, contained 130 souls; they were almost packed into a small space, be tween a floor laid over the water casks and the deck-not near three feet-insufficient for them to et upright-and so close that chafing against each other, their bones pierced the skin and became galled and ulcerated by the motion of the vesseltheir food, a very stinted allowance, consisted of rotten rice, in a state of fermentation, and so warm as to comfort their frozen hands-numbers died of Lunger, cold and misery-while others crawled about, a sort of living anatomies, dragged, naked and shivering, in this (to them) cold climate and season from their "prison house" and hurried off, on long and painful journies, to satisfy the cupidity of unfeeling adventurers. Putting aside the agonies of the body, what tortures of mind have these af ficted sons of Africa not undergone! When these unhappy sufferers were recaptured by the Saranac, the commonest sailors on board, touched with the tenderest sympathy, divided amongst them, their clothes, and every aid that circumstances made possible, was humanely afforded by the officers. What a sight has Fernandina exhibited! "This cradle of liberty," as some would persuade the

On horses, asses and mules.
On carriages

On merchants, hawkers and pedlars
On law process, notarial seals, and seals of
superior and inferior courts

On ordinary licences, and houses of private
entertainment .

From agents of the penitentiary
Sale of transported slaves
Militia fines
Register's fees

Sale of unappropriated land
Redemption of lands
Surplus tax on tobacco
Arrears of taxes

157,600

50,400

13,300

49,600

29,000

17,200

35,000

7,000

10,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

11,000

28,000

NEW SERIKS. No. 11-Vol. II }

BALTIMORE, MAY 9, 1818.

(No. 11–VOL. XIV. WHOLF No. 349*

THE PAST THE PRESENT-FOR THE FUTURE.

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

Editorial note. We are quite certain that the otherwise dealt with-but, if they thouglat one people's interest is to be promoted by an exposition moment on the additional trouble they cause by of the conduct and character of the corrupt and such neglect in compelling us to forward account corrupting banking establishments that abound in after account and statement after statement (to say our country; and which, like the plague of the frogs nothing of the right and justice of the matter) we in Egypt, penetrate the very kneading troughs of are very sure that they would not suffer it. These the community. Under this assurance, aod being little dues make up the whole

from which to disburse supported by the people in our course, it is useless our heavy expenditures, and require as much atto say that we shall ardently pursue it to its contention as if they amounted to 5 or 10 hundred, insummation—which is, to exalt the humble and op stead of 5 or 10 dollars. It is "rightful and rea. pressed, and sąp the foundations of the thrones of sonable," as Mr. Jefferson says, that “the procedure the mighty;—to reform, if reformation be possi. should be corrected.” We guarantee the safety ble, to destroy, where destruction is necessary: with of the mails, and are willing even to pay the postwhat success time will develope—but it is a satis- age, if any gentleman pleases to taš us with it. faction to know that we have done some good already. What more can we do to facilitate remittances? We shall patiently wait for the “moving of the What excuse is left for non-remittance? waters”

by the spirit of TRUTA: the people will act *, *It is proper to add, while on the subject of mo. in due season. If present evils cannot be correct. ney-that his late regulations have convinced the ed, as they ought-a further extension of the con editor that the complaint of non-payment of his suming fire of speculation may be checked. dues (heretofore too often and too severely urged,

The following articles are sketched for the press: by the pressure it caused upon him) belonged 1. Remarks on the agreement of the bank of the more to a defect in his own system of business than United States to pay its dividends in Europe, to to the want of a willingness, or an ability, in his be written out with a pen as skarp as we can point subscribers 10 pay him the pittance that he earned it. 2. Statistical facts to shew that the pauperism of them. The success of these regulations will of England has advanced step by step with the in. insure their future observance; and it is with real crease of her paper medium, and that the former is pride that the editor gratefully acknowledges the an inevitable consequence of the latter.* 3. Reme. rigid punctuality and minute promptitude that dies, to check the progress of evil: by which well. now so generally characterises bis widely scattermeaning honest banks may be protected, and shaved supporters. It is by such conduct oniy, that the ing shops tumbled upon the heads of their builders. life of any periodical work can be sustained. It is,

These are the three first principal things that the also, a corner stone of the FREEDOM OF TUE PRESS, editor expects to publish on this subject-but he and the fabrick to be erected upon it, is INDEPENis unwilling to break in upon the series of his ac- DENT TRUTH. complished co-adjutor, and some of them may not appear for a considerable time. In all that we

Samuel Adams, sball say—though we do not affect the use of emo. lients in a case so desperate, we trust that our own [Communicated for the Register by President Adams.] dignity will be preserved in refraining from un

Quincy, April 15, 1817. befitting language, in general-it is known that

DEAR SIR– I have received your obliging we never assail individuals. When the poison favor of the 8th, but cannot consent to your lies low, the cutting must be deep, to disengage it: resolution to ask no more questions. Your the writer of the paper system,” in his present questions revive my sluggish meinory. Since

" number, thus cuts to cure.

our national legislature have established a naUnder an impressive sense of the high sbliga. tional painter—a wise measure, for which I tion and serious responsibility thereby imposed, thank them, my imagination runs upon the the editor believes it expedient to reiterate his art, and has already painted, I know not how thanks for the support given to the WEEKLY REGIS. TER. It is a thing, perhaps, unparalleled in the his. Iany, historical pictures. I have sent you tory of printing, that an oldestablishment and one one, give me leave to send another. The such as this is, without any peculiar excitement of bloody rencountre between the citizens and the public feeling or new merit in itself, should ob. the soldiers, on the 5th of March, 1770, protain at the rate of nearly ONE THOUSAND new duced a tremendous

sensation throughout the Subscribers per annum-which, we have good rea- town and country. The people assembled first son to hope, will not be much more than the num. at Fapeuil Hall, and adjourned to the old ber received for the year to end in September en. suing. In the mean time, the voluntary discon: South Church, to the number, as was conjeclinuances have been very few, though many papers tured, of ten or twelve thousand men, among have been stopped for a neglect of our terms: some whom were the most virtuous, substantial, indein arrears, from various considerations, have been pendent, disinterested and intelligent citizens.

They formed themselves into a regular deliThe measure talked of in England (see foreign berative body, chose their moderator and searticles) if carried into execution, will most as. suredly end the "paper system” in that country. cretary, entered into discussions, deliberations It is exactly like getting notes shared to pay the and debates, adopted resolutions, appointed! discount on shaved notes.

committees. What has become of these 'reVor. XIV.-13.

PRESIDENT ADAMS CO MR. TUDOR.

cords, Mr. Tudor? Where are they? Their val power within its jurisdiction." So obviousResolutions in public were conformable to those ly tue and so irrefragable was the reply, that of every man in private, who dared to express it is astonishing that Mr. Hutchinson should his thoughts or his feelings, "that the regular have so grossly betrayed the constitution, and soldiers should be banished from the town, at so attrociously have violated the duties of his all hazards." Jonathan Williams, a very pious, office by asserting the contrary. But either inoffensive and conscientious gentleman, was the fears or the ambition of this gentlemen, their moderator. A remonstrance to the go- upon this and many other occasions, especially verno, or the governor and council, was or- in his controversy with the two houses, three dained, and a demand that the regular troops years afterwards, on the supremacy of parliashould be removed from the town. A com- ment, appear to have totally disarranged his mittee was appointed to present this remon- understanding. He certainly asserted in pubstrance, of which Samuel Adams was the chair-lic, in the most solemn manner, a multitude of the roundest falsehoods, which he must have

inan.

Now for the picture-The theatre and the known to be such, and which he must have scenery are the same with those at the discus-known could be easily and would certainly be sion of writs of assistance. The same glorious detected, if he had not wholly lost his memory portraits of king Charles II, and king James II,-even of his own public writings. You, Mr. to which might be added, and should be added, Tudor, knew Mr. Adams from your childhood little miserable likenesses of gov. Winthrop, to his death. In his common appearance, he gov. Broadstreet, gov. Endicott and gov. Bel- was a plain, simple, decent citizen, of midcher, hung up in obscure corners of the room. dling stature, dress and manners.—He had an Lieut. gov. Hutchinson, commander in chief in exquisite ear for music-and a charming voice, the absence of the governor, must be placed at when he pleased to exert it. Yet his ordinary the head of the council table. Lieut. col. Dal- speeches in town meetings, in the house of rerymple, commander in chief of his majesty's presentatives and in congress, exhibited nomilitary forces, taking rank of all his majesty's thing extraordinary; but, upon great occacounsellors, must be seated by the side of the sions, when his deeper feelings were excited, lieutenant-governor and commander in chief he erected himself, or rather nature seemed to of the province. Eight and-twenty counsellors erect him, without the smallest symptom of afmust be painted,all seated at the council board. fectation, into an upright dignity of figure and Let me see what costume? what was the gesture, and gave a harmony to his voice which fashion of that day? in the month of March? made a strong impression on spectators and large white wigs, English scarlet cloth cloaks, auditors, the more lasting for the purity, corsome of them with gold laced hats, not on their rectness and nervous elegance of his stile. heads, indeed, in so august a presence, but on This was a delicate and a dangerous crisis. the table before them, or under the table be- The question in the last resort was, whether neath them. Before these illustrious person- the town of Boston should become a scene of ages appeared SAMUEL ADAMS, a member of carnage and desolation or not? Humanity to the house of representatives and their clerk, the soldiers conspired with a regard for now at the head of the committee of the great the safety of the town, in suggesting the assembly at the old South Church. Thucidydes, wise measure of calling the town together Livy or Sallust would make a speech for him to deliberate. For nothing short of the most or, perhaps, the Italian Bota, if he had known solemn promises to the people that the solany thing of this transaction-one of the most diers should, at all hazards, be driven from important of the revolution-but I am wholly the town, had preserved its peace. Not only incapable of it; and, if I had vanity enough to the immense assemblies of the people from think myself capable of it,should not dare to at- day to day-but military arrangements from tempt it. He represented the state of the town night to night, were necessary to keep the peoand the country, the dangerous, ruinous and ple and the soldiers from getting together by fatal effects of standing armies in populous ci- the ears. The life of a red coat would not ties in time of peace, and the determined reso- have been safe in any street or corner of the lution of the public, that the regular troops, at town. Nor would the lives of the inhabitants all events, should be removed from the town. have been much more secure. The whole miliLicut. gov. Hutchinson, then commander in tia of the city was in requisition, and military chief, at the head of a trembling council, said, watches and guards were every where placed. "he had no authority over the king's troops, We were all upon a level; no man was exthat they had their separate commander and empted; our military officers were our only separate orders and instructions, and that he superiors. I had the honor to be summoned could not interfere with them." Mr. Adams in my turn-and attended at the state house instantly appealed to the charter of the pro- with my musket and bayonet, my broad sword vince, by which the governor, and in his ab- and cartridge box, under the command of the sence the lieutenant governor, was constituted famous Paddock. I know you will laugh at commander in chief of all the military and na-my military figure-but I believe there was