conferences or more, before either House proceeds to adhere: because, before that time, the Houses have not had the full opportunity of making replies to one another's arguments; and to adhere so suddenly and unexpectedly, excludes all possibility of offering expedients. 4 Hats. 330. After a free conference, the usage is to proceed with free conferences, and not to return again to a conference. 3 Hats. 270. 9 Grey 229.

After a conference denied, a free conference may be asked. 1 Grey 45.

When a conference is asked, the subject of it must be expressed, or the conference not agreed to. Ord. H. Com mons 89. 1 Grey 425. 7 Grey 31. 4 Hats. 20, 46. They are sometimes asked to enquire concerning an offence, or default of a member of the other House. 6 Grey 181. 1 Chandler 304. Or the failure of the other House to present to the king a bill passed by both Houses. 8 Grey 302. Or on information received, and relating to the safety of the nation. 10 Grey 171. Or, when the methods of Parliament are thought by the one House to have been departed from by the other, a conference is asked to come to a right understanding thereon. 10 Grey 148. So when an unparliamentary message has been sent, instead of answering it, they ask a conference. 3 Grey 155. Formerły, an address, or articles of impeachment, or a bill with amendments, or a vote of the House, or concurrence in a vote, or a message from the king, were sometimes communicated by way of conference. 6 Grey 128, 300, 387. 7 Grey 80. 8 Grey 210, 255. 1 Torbuck's Deb. 278. 10 Grey 293. 1 Chandler 49, 287. But this is not the modera practice. 8 Grey 255.

A conference has been asked after the first reading of a bill. 1 Grey 194. This is a singular instance.

During the time of a conference the House can do no business. As soon as the names of the managers are called over, and they are gone to the conference, the Speaker leaves the chair, without any question, and resumes it on the return of the managers. It is the same while the managers of an impeachment are at the House of Lords. Hats. 47, 209, 288.

MESSAGES.

MESSAGES between the two houses are to be sent ourly while both houses are sitting. 3 Hats. 15. They are received during a debate, without adjourning the debate. 3 Hats. 22.

In the House of representatives, and in the assembly of N. Y. as in Parliament, if the House be in committee when a messenger attends, or when any important message is transmitted, the Speaker takes the chair to receive the message, announces the same, and then quits it to return into committee, generally without any question or interruption. 4 Grey 226.

Messengers are not saluted by the members, but by the Speaker for the House. 2 Grey 253, 274.

If messengers commit an error in delivering the message, they may be admitted or called in to correct their message. 4 Grey 41. Accordingly, March 18, 1800, the Senate of the United States having made two amendments to a bill from the House of Representatives, their secretary, by mistake, delivered one only; which being inadmissible by itself, that House disagreed, and notified the Senate of the U. S. of their disagreement. This produced a discovery of the mistake. The Secretary was sent to the other House to correct his mistake, the correction was received and the two amendments acted on de novo.

All bills, resolutions and other messages relative to any particular matter before the Legislature, transmitted by either House, are delivered by the Clerk of the House sending the message; the Clerk of one House delivers the same to the Clerk of the other, informing him of the import of the same; and the first convenient opportunity, unless it be very important, it is communicated to the Speaker and by him announced to the House.

As soon as the messenger who has brought bills from the other House, has retired, the Speaker holds the hill in his hand, and acquaints the House "that the other House have, by their messenger, sent certain bills," and then reads theis

titles, and delivers them to the Clerk to be safely kept, till they shall be called for to be read. Hak. 178.

In the assembly, as soon as a bill is received from the Senate, the Speaker, holding the same in his hand, acquaints the House that the honorable the Senate have passed the bill entitled "an act, &c. (title) in which bill they request the concurrence of this House." He then delivers them to the Clerk, and if no motion or objection is made to the contrary, the bill then has its first reading through, and its "second reading by its title."

It is not the usage for one House to inform the other by what numbers the bill has passed. 10 Grey 150. Yet they have sometimes recommended a bill, as of great importance to the consideration of the House to which it is sent. 3 Hats. 25. Nor when they have rejected a bill from the other House, do they give notice of it; but it passes sub silentio, to prevent unbecoming altercation. 1 Blackst. 183. But in Congress, the rejection is notified by message to the House in which the bill originated.

A question is never asked by the one House of the other by way of message, but only at a conference: for this is an interrogatory, not a message. 3 Grey 151, 181.

When a bill is sent by one House to the other, and is neglected, they may send a message to remind them of it. 3 Hats. 25. 5 Grey 154. But if it be mere inattention, it is better to have it done informally, by communications between the Speakers, or members of the two Houses.

Where the subject of a message is of a nature that it can properly be communicated to both Houses of Parliament, it is expected that this communication should be made to both on the same day. But where a message was accompanied with an original declaration, signed by the party to which the message referred, its being sent to one House was not noticed by the other, because the declaration, being original, could not possibly be sent to both Houses at the same time. 2 Hals. 200, 261, 262.

The king having sent original letters to the Commons, afterwards desires they may be returned, that he may com municate them to the Lords. 1 Chandler 303.

SECTION 49.

ASSENT.

THE House which has received a bill and passed it, may present it for the king's assent, and ought to do it, though they have not by message notified to the other, their passage of it. Yet the notifying by message is a form which ought to be observed between the two Houses from motives of respect, and good understanding. 2 Hats. 242. Were the bill to be withheld from being presented to the king, it would be an infringement of the rules of Parliament. Ib.

When a bill has passed both Houses of Congress, the House last acting on it, notifies its passage to the other, and delivers the bill to the joint committee of enrollment, who see that it is truly enrolled in parchment. When the bill is enrolled, it is not to be written in paragraphs, but solidly and all of a piece, that the blanks between the paragraphs may not give room for forgery. 9 Grey 143.

When a bill has passed both Houses of the Legislature, the House last acting on it, notifies its passage to the other, and delivers the bill to the House where it was first brought forward. Then the House, where the bill was brought in, orders the Clerk to deliver the same to the honorable the Council of Revision. He delivers the same at their Council Chamber.

If they think it not improper that the same should become a law of this state, a memorandum of that import is endorsed upon the bill, and signed by the Governor of the state, and dated the day of their approbation thereof. The bill is then deposited among the rolls and records in the office of the Secretary of State; and the said Council, by the Secretary of State, being the Secretary of the Council of Revision, notifies by message, the House in which it orignated, that it does not appear improper to the council the same should become a law, of which that House informs the other by message. If the council disapprove, they are to return it with their objections to that House in which it shall have originated; who are to enter the objec

tions at large on their journal, and to proceed to reconsider it, as set forth in the following section of the constitution of the state of New-York.

AND WHEREAS laws inconsistent with the spirit of this constitution, or with the public good, may be hastily and unadvisedly passed: BE IT ORDAINED, That the governor for the time being, the chancellor and judges of the supreme court, or any two of them, together with the govern or, shall be, and hereby are, constituted a council to revise all bills about to be passed into laws by the legislature. And for that purpose shall assemble themselves, from time to time, when the legislature shall be convened; for which, nevertheless, they shall not receive any salary or consideration under any pretence whatever. And that all bills which have passed the Senate and Assembly, shall, before they become laws, be presented to the said council for their revisal and consideration; and if upon such revision and consideration, it should appear improper to the said council, or a majority of them, that the said bill should become a law of this state, that they return the same, together with their objections thereto in writing, to the senate or house of assembly, in whichsoever the same shall have originated, who shall enter the objections sent down by the council, at large, in their minutes, and proceed to re-consider the said bill. But if after such re-consideration, two thirds of the said senate, or house of assembly, shall, notwithstanding the said objections, agree to pass the same, it shall, together with the objections, be sent to the other branch of the legislature, where it shall also be re-considered, and if ap proved hy two thirds of the members present, shall be a law.

And in order to prevent any unnecessary delays,

Be it further ordained, That if any bill shall not be returned by the council, within ten days after it shall have been presented, the same shall be a law, unless the legislature shall, by their adjournment, render a return of the said bill within ten days impracticable: in which case the bill shall be returned on the first day of the meeting of the legisla ture, after the expiration of the said ten days.-3d section of the const. of N. Y.