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who was also a leader among the sons of God. BRAMWELL BOOTH.

From Father Curran, of WilkesBarre, 'who was an intimate associate of Theodore Roosevelt in settling the coal strike of 1902 Sincerest and most heartfelt sympathy on the death of your venerable and beloved father, Dr. Lyman Abbott. His name will go down in American history as one of the foremost literary personages of his native land. May his soul rest with the angels and saints of God unto all eternity. J. J. CURRAN.

From a former Governor of the State of New York Accept my sincere sympathy at the loss of your distinguished father.

ALFRED E. SMITH.

From the President of a National Labor Union

Through press despatch I have just learned of the death of your beloved father, brother Lyman Abbott, and in behalf of the International Printing Pressmen and Assistants Union of North America I hasten to transmit our sympathy and condolence.

GEORGE L. BERRY.

From the President of the New York Life Insurance Company

Lyman Abbott had to me so long been a great figure he had indeed so clearly become a tradition in our National lifethat it is not easy to think of him as a father whose death brings deep sorrow to his children. The high pride you feel in him as a great leader and teacher does not make your sorrow as a son any less acute. May I as a citizen and a friend join in the universal tribute of respect and affection which the world is now offering. DARWIN P. KINGSLEY.

From Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt Deep sympathy. We all needed him. EDITH ROOSEVELT,

From the President of New York
University

I am deeply distressed to hear of the death of your honored father. He was one of the most distinguished and most revered of the graduates of New York University in the whole course of its history. His outlook on the passing show of this world was that of a man who was at once a lawyer, a journalist, a bookman, a religious leader, a man of affairs, and a genial humorist and fellow-man in the ordinary relations of life. Even at his advanced age, he was so wholesome that we thought him destined for many years of ripening leadership. ELMER ELLSWORTH BROWN.

From Vassar College

I should like to express on behalf of Vassar College, of which for a time be

ing I am acting President in the absence of President MacCracken abroad, our general sense of the deep loss shared throughout the country in the death of your father. For years Dr. Abbott was a welcome and beloved visitor to the pulpit of the College, and the memory of his helpful service and profound human interest is still so strong that even I, a newcomer to Vassar, have been made aware of it. GEORGE H. NETTLETON.

From Princeton University

I am distressed to hear of your father's death. Please accept my sincere regret and sympathy. We remember always with gratitude his services at Princeton. JOHN GRIER HIBBEN.

From General Pershing Deeply grieved to learn of your father's death, and extend to you my sincerest sympathy. The country has lost a great outstanding figure whose influence has always been for the best and wholesome things in life. He will be revered by his countrymen as a model Christian. PERSHING.

From the President of Union
Theological Seminary

The great and splendid work your father did for the promotion of the king. dom of God, a work that he was permitted to carry on almost to the close of his long life, makes the Church and the country at large permanently his debtors. His name will not be forgotten. ARTHUR C. MCGIFFERT.

From the students of the Union
Theological Seminary

In behalf of the students of Union Theological Seminary I wish to express our profound sorrow at the loss of one who was our beloved friend and counselor. Those of us who had the privilege of meeting Dr. Abbott personally will cherish the remembrance of those rare opportunities as long as we live; and no student can fail to acknowledge the benign influence on his life of him who was so universally loved and respected. W. M. ALDERTON, For the students of Union Theological Seminary.

From the Principal of Hampton
Institute

Hampton Institute will feel that it has lost one of its truest and most discerning friends; and every other good cause will miss him deeply. I shall always remember gratefully his message which I found on my arrival at the Institute to begin my work there in April, 1918. JAMES E. GREGG.

From Mount Holyoke College For the Class of '93, Mount Holyoke College, of which Dr. Abbott was an honorary and honored member, may I express our appreciation of the high

nobility of his character. We recall with gratitude his gracious acceptance of our invitation to preach our Baccalaureate sermon, and his sympathetic understanding of the many problems that were then perplexing us. From that time to this he has held a peculiarly tender place in our affections.

OLIVE SPRAGUE COOPER,
Secretary of the Class.

From the Consul-General of Japan It is with deep grief that I learn in this morning's paper of the death of your distinguished father, Reverend Dr. Lyman Abbott. His passing is an irretrievable loss not only to your country, but also to the rest of the world.

K. KUMASAKI, Consul-General.

From the Federal Council of
Churches

May I share with you and yours the loss of your honored father, and the gratitude we all feel for his long service to the Church and to the world. From my Theological Seminary days until his death he has been a guide and counselor to me. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, General Secretary.

From the Massachusetts Agricul tural College

I should like to express to you a word of tribute to your father. I began taking the "Christian Union" immediately after my college days, and then The Outlook, and for many years I think I got a more complete appreciation of public questions, viewed from the ethical and religious standpoint, as well as perhaps more inspiration with respect to a sane attitude on questions theological, than from any other one source. Dr. Abbott was a great personality and a great influence.

KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD, President.

From Tuskegee Institute

The teachers and students of Tuskegee Institute sorrow with you and your family. Dr. Abbott gave freely of his time and great wisdom to the betterment of humanity, and his passing is a great loss.

WARREN LOGAN, Acting Principal.

From the Minister of the Brick Presbyterian Church, New York Your father has been one of the notable witnesses in our day for a whole and strong Christianity. No one can esti- . mate his influence. . . . I think this morning with gladness of the hours I had with him at Silver Bay two years ago. He was so generous in his appreciation of what I said, and so helpful in talking it over with the college girls. They questioned me one morning about immortality, and it was a relief and a joy to turn it over to him. He answered in a way that I know will make a dif ference forever in their thoughts and

feelings. Perhaps the best thing one can say is that it is actually easier to think of him as still alive, than as dead. So he goes on proving that eternal life to which he was so consistent and joyous a witness. WILLIAM P. MERRILL.

From one of the founders of the Boy Scout Movement

It is with a keen sense of sorrow that I read in this morning's paper the death of my old friend, your distinguished father. It was your father who always had a cordial greeting for me, and a sympathetic ear for all my whims and fancies. Won't you give to your brothers my sincerest sympathy and affectionate regard, and say to them that the privilege of having such a splendid father must, in a measure, comfort them now that he has crossed the Great Divide to join his friend, Theodore Roosevelt, where I doubt not they both await the coming of the rest of us.

DANIEL C. BEARD.

From the President of the University of Virginia

I am saddened by the thought that your father's great life is ended; I am proud that he was my friend.

EDWIN A. ALDERMAN.

From the Consul-General of France

I myself am not only losing a very sincere friend, but France as well will deeply regret the loss of one of her most faithful and ardent followers, who never failed to lend her a helping hand in her hours of need. When I decorated Dr. Lyman Abbott not long ago with the Legion of Honor, I little thought that he would have such a short time in which to enjoy this mark of recognition from France for the many services which he rendered her. GASTON LIEBERT,

From the Mayor of Sioux City, Iowa When I went to Yale, after I had been there just long enough to see some of the demoralizing surface of student life, and not long enough to have penetrated to the real inner spirit of things, your father delivered an address which promptly brought me to my senses again, and set me on my feet intellectually and morally. After that for ten or fifteen years I suppose I read practically everything he wrote. In recent years I have been helped and exalted by the unfaltering vitality of his intellect and spirit with advancing years.

WALLACE M. SHORT.

From the President of Western
Reserve University

Your father united at least three elements which, each great in itself, resulted in a still greater character. He had the gift of interpretation. No man of our time could, in so few sentences, more adequately outline the essence of

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great interest and inspiration at Waterbury, Connecticut. It came to me at a time when I needed just such a forwardlooking message as he gave. I have heard him repeatedly since and entertained for him a respect which amounted to reverence. WALLACE BUTTRICK.

From the former President of Yale
University

Your father had reached the fullness of years in such a glorious fashion and was doing such work till near the very end that the public will not feel the sadness of his going; but for those like Mrs. Hadley and me who knew him, and knew how much greater he was than the things which he did could ever show, cannot help trying to tell you how much we cared for him, and how much better his presence made our world to live in. ARTHUR T. HADLEY.

From the President of Hobart
College

I wish to acknowledge the great debt I owe as a man and as an educator to your father as one of the greatest teachers of the greatest things I have ever known. MURRAY BARTLETT.

From Professor Edward C. Moore, of Harvard University

No one ever rendered a greater service to the University as a member of the Board of Preachers through a long period, eighteen years, if I remember rightly, and no one ever rendered greater service to me personally. My acquaintance with your father dates from 1881, when I first went to New York as a student, and there has been no time in these forty years when I have not reckoned him among my wisest and most faithful counselors.

EDWARD C. MOORE.

From ex-Secretary Redfield

A fine and finished life was his-a record of many-sided service. I prefer to think of him as a spiritual force, an illuminating thinker, a refining and inspiring power. For him "the fever of life is over" and his work is done. Done, I mean, in the sense of accomplishment, but not in the sense of having ended, for it goes on fruitful to-day and to bear fruit in coming days.

WILLIAM C. REDFIELD.

From the Secretary of State Permit me to express my deepest sympathy in the loss of your 'ather. There is no one with whom I have been brought in contact who has more completely realized to me the ideal of the Christian sage, and there is no one I have known who has had a more beneficent influence. His life has been one of rare beauty and distinction, and his death is an irreparable loss to the Nation. CHARLES E. HUGHES.

THE IRISH SITUATION

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NOTHER advance has been made in molding into existence the Irish Free State. The Dail Eireann, which is now sitting as a Constituent Assembly in a Provisional Parliament, has passed a bill ratifying the Constitution of the Free State as placed before the Assembly. This Constitution puts into binding form the agreement between the Lloyd George Government and the representatives of Southern Ireland in what is now known as the London Treaty. Only slight and few amendments were urged by the Dail Eireann. The emphasis still remains on political and religious freedon in Ireland and in the Irish Free State as a "coequal member of the community of nations forming the British Commonwealth of Nations."

There is no doubt whatever that the British Parliament will give its assent and ratification to the action of the Dail Eireann, and that issue is not likely to be changed at all by any result in the general election now about to take place in Great Britain. Finally, as we understand it, this fundamental law for the Free State will be submitted to a referendum of all legal voters in Southern Ireland, and there is hardly a shadow of a doubt that it will be accepted and put into effect.

Southern Ireland at least will thus gain autonomy and self-government, although not absolute independence. The feeling is growing among Irishmen that such freedom of action and opinion as has long been granted to the people of Canada is and ought to be all that the Irish people should require.

A JUNIOR REPUBLIC FOUNDED IN FRANCE

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N English boy, with the suggestive name of Dash, has just been elected president of the first Junior Republic in France. In that Republic there are not only French and English boys and girls, but also those of some other nationalities.

They are thirty-two to forty in number, and they are now engaged in drawing up a constitution for their Republic (based on the French Constitution) and in other details of their new government.

The Republic has been founded at Chavagnac, in the department of the Haute-Loire. Chavagnac was Lafayette's birthplace, and hence is a peculiarly appropriate region in which to start the American endeavor. More perhaps than any one of his day Lafayette would have sympathized with the

THE WEEK

ideal of a Junior Republic-to place the duties, privileges, and responsibilities of citizenship on boys and girls for a period of, say, five years before they grow into manhood and womanhood.

It will be interesting to see how the junior city of Chavagnac will be gov erned by its embryo citizens.

KANSAS AND THE KU KLUX KLAN

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CCORDING to newspaper despatches from Topeka, Governor Allen, of Kansas, takes the Ku Klux Klan seriously. There is a natural disposition to laugh at the Klan and to deride its pretense of being a high moral censor while at the same time it encourages every kind of racial enmity. Thus it cleverly holds out a lure to the Jew hater, to the Negro hater, and the Catholic hater. Its ultimate absurdity is in utilizing the attractiveness of a secret society by its weird customs, its mummeries, and its midnight rides, while at the same time it neglects no avenue of publicity and its secret negotiations have a background of photographers, searchlights, and automobile curiosity-seekers.

The Klan has played some part in politics lately, but it has not seemed to be a great or serious menace. But Governor Allen finds in this revival a great deal that is serious and a great deal that is dangerous. He declares that it has brought into Kansas "the greatest curse that can come to any civilized peoplethe curse that arises out of the unrestrained passions of men governed by religious intolerance and racial hatred." Specifically, he charges that the Klan has disobeyed the State law by not taking out a charter, as is required of all fraternal and social organizations; and that it has committed the shocking offense of seizing the Mayor of the town of Liberal in Kansas, of carrying him by force to a secluded place, and there whipping him because he had refused to allow the Klan to hold a meeting in a hall he owned.

Governor Allen denounced the unAmerican idea "that we can improve the conditions in the State by turning the rights of government to a masked organization which arrogates to itself the right to regulate the individual."

Finally, the Governor summed up his case by denying that the people of Kansas desired religious instruction from masked men whose characters and capacities are concealed by disguise.

It is the custom of the present Governor of the State of Kansas to follow up conviction by action. He concluded

the address he was making by announcing that he had directed the AttorneyGeneral of the State to take action against officials of the Ku Klux Klan with a view to expelling them from the State. This sounds arbitrary, but it is to be supposed that whatever may be done in the matter will be done through the courts and under the law, for certainly neither Governor Allen nor the State of Kansas would wish to fight the Klan by its own methods.

SIXTY YEARS OF SURGERY

HE advances of the last sixty years

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in medicine and surgery in this country were vividly set forth recently by Dr. W. W. Keen, of Philadelphia, in an address before one of the meetings of the Convention at Boston of the American College of Surgeons. Dr. Keen is eighty-five years old, has been practicing medicine and surgery for sixty years, and is now Professor Emeritus in Surgery at the Jefferson Medical College. The occasion of his address was the presentation to him by the Boston Surgical Society of its Bigelow Medal.

Dr. Keen went a little back of his own experience to describe what he was told by his elders was the state of things before 1846, when anæsthesia was discovered; then an operation was "a horrible ordeal for patients, surgeons, and witnesses." It is no wonder that during the five years just preceding the introduction of anæsthesia there were only an average of thirty-seven operations a year in the Massachusetts General Hospital. Astonishing as it may seem, “in the 80's and even into the 90's there were in most hospitals no trained nurses." The use of the medical thermometer was practically unknown until well into the 60's.

Dr. Keen doubts if there were half a dozen thermometers in the Army of the Potomac, and the medical custom of judging a fever then was by placing the hand on the arm or neck and estimating the temperature, not in degrees, but as "slight," "considerable,” “high,” etc. Vaccination, anæsthesia, and antisepsis have been, Dr. Keen believes, the three greatest blessings in the realm of medicine since the Christian era began. In the treatment of diphtheria it was not till 1895 that the "blessed antitoxin was discovered and, presto! as if by magic, tracheotomy for diphtheria became infrequent, and for years past, one may say, has been unknown."

We must quote one more instance which illustrates, as it seems to us, in an exceedingly practical way the igno

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THE CONTESTANTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL FISHING SCHOONER MATCH-NO. 1, BLUENOSE (CANADIAN); NO. 7, HENRY FORD, GOING OVER THE STARTING LINE

rance and lack of reasoning in the adverse comment upon surgical and medical progress-the kind of comment that is made by perfectionists who assert that if a medical treatment does not save every case it is a failure. Dr. Keen says:

Surgeons who removed ovarian tumors were persecuted. As a student, I even heard them called murderers in the Jefferson clinic because "two out of three of the patients died." It ought to have been worded, "one out of every three recovered," for every recovery was a rescued life. Now, thanks to McDowell, the Atlees, Pasteur, and Lister, and many others, the mortality is less than one in a hundred.

The entire address, as we find it in the Boston "Transcript" for October 26, is illuminating and intensely human. No one can read it without joining heartily in the speaker's general conclusion as to the advance of the profession: "We are gradually throttling disease at its birth and preventing its onslaught upon the health of the world."

CONTROLLABLE SQUALLS

HE international fishermen's race,

year, has lost, temporarily we hope, some of its appeal.

This race between Canadian and American fishing schooners was initiated three years ago. The victory in the first race went to America. The second year the question of eligibility poked itself up over the horizon. The race went to the Canadians. The third year the question of eligibility produced an even greater stir. Added to this controversy was the question of racing rules and the apparent muddling of the contest by the committee in charge. A jumble of signals in the first race of the series resulted in Bluenose, the Canadian defender, and Henry Ford, the American challenger, sailing over the line only to find that the victory of the Ford was declared null and void. The second race of the series again found the Ford the first across the finish line. Her captain insisted that the cup was his and only consented to race again after prolonged argument. The next two races were won by Bluenose. Her last victory has been protested by the captain of the Ford on the ground that Bluenose carried no official observer and used a

Twhich showed promise of becoming staysail which was not part of her regu

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more resemblance to those unhappy controversies with Lord Dunraven than to the whole-hearted sportsmanship which one would like to find among skippers whose vessels are made to keep the sea in all weathers.

Let us hope that another year may find the contest re-established on a basis of mutual confidence and good spirit. Possibly one cause of friction could be eliminated by limiting the contest to fishing vessels which had been operated commercially for a period of five years. It seemed to us when the race was first initiated that the requirement that all entrants should have at least one season on the banks was not strict enough.

THE DANGER OF BEING SARCASTIC

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HERE are some things which it is difficult to satirize. One can only produce a feeble imitation. Two weeks ago we ventured a supposedly sarcastic reference to the literary manners of sporting writers by offering the following imaginary utterance as typical of their style:

Undoubtedly the Hoozis Wildcats will be weaker than the Whatsat

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Bohemoths if the Whatsat Bohemoths are not stronger than the Hoozis Wildcats, but on the other hand. . . We thought in writing this that we had painted the picture with too high colors. We find, however, that sometimes truth outruns fiction. Observe the following passage taken from the New York "Sun:"

West Point has enough within it to play Yale to a tie. The Elis might get together against the Army and at last become that unified team for which everybody is looking. If the Yale men would blunder enough the Army would defeat them. . . . Some things West Point can do better than Yale; some not so well. The outcome favors either team under certain developments. If both play approximately a perfect game Yale has the fringe on the rug the better of it.

The game in question turned out with & tie score of 7-7. Doubtless the writer of this paragraph pointed to his prophecy with pride on this account. He could have pointed with equal pride to the same Delphic utterance no matter whether the Army or Yale had won. We can see no excuse for such writing except that of filling space. There are sport writers who do succeed in making the game of football intelligible and enjoyable for the lay observer, but they are few and far between.

Perhaps the recent developments in radio telephony will do something to make such space-filling prophecies as we have quoted unpublishable. We hope so, but we doubt it. The developments to which we refer are the broadcasting of the progress of football games directly from the field. In New York City, on Saturday, October 28, for instance, crowds listened to the cheering of the great throngs that witnessed the game between the University of Chicago and Princeton University. Play by play, they were able to follow the gallant fight which ended in a typical Princeton finish-a victory snatched from what seemed like almost certain defeat.

THE LEGION AND ITS
NEW COMMANDER

THE American Legion has again met

in annual session. This year the National Convention was held at New Orleans. For its Commander it chose Mr. Alvin M. Owsley, of Texas, who served during the war as a major and later as lieutenant-colonel. He took part in two offensives with the Thirty-sixth Division. He is a former Assistant Attorney-General of Texas, which office he resigned to become assistant director of the Legion's Americanization Commission. He is a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute and of the Law School of the University of Texas.

Apparently Commander Owsley's pro

Underwood
ALVIN MANSFIELD OWSLEY, THE
HEAD OF THE AMERICAN LEGION

NEW

gramme for the Legion can be summed up under four heads. We find him quoted in the New York "Tribune" as follows:

T

THE CASE OF

MR. BUCKNER

HERE has just come to our desk a pamphlet which tells a story that in its outward circumstance would seem to be of concern only to the family and neighbors of the man about whom the story centers; but in its inner significance the story has no bounds of parish, State, or Nation.

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For eleven years the Rev. J. D. M. Buckner served the Methodist church in the small town of Aurora, Nebraska, as its minister. During that time he not only so conducted the material affairs of the church that it became stronger financially, but evidently developed in the church moral and spiritual vitality. It is not easy to measure the invisible, but some indication of the kind of service that this minister rendered is to be found in the fact that in a little more than a decade the gifts of the church for benevolent purposes had increased from three hundred to three thousand dollars and that he drew to the church men who by their works proved their loyalty to the church's cause. He was not a young man when he came to Aurora. He had been a preacher for over thirty years, and had served the Methodist Episcopal Church for nearly all that time. He is now a man sixty-seven years of age, mature in thought, experienced, with much of the spirit of youth, but without Its recklessness. What he believes and what he teaches is the result, not of sudden impulses, but of long consideration. During all the time when he was The Legion has also placed itself on at Aurora, and for ten years at least record as opposing the recognition of preceding that, he openly taught the Soviet Russia, urging preparedness views, amounting with him to convicagainst future wars, fighting the protion, which may be summed up in this posals to give amnesty to war-time expression of his: "I believe that the offenders, standing for the prosecution hope of the Methodist Church and of all of war profiteers, and demanding the re-churches lies in the triumph of the new moval of Brigadier-General Sawyer from any connection with the care of disabled

There are just four things that the Legion means to push, just four things that are on our standard. They are rehabilitation, hospitalization, adjusted compensation, and Americanization. We're going to fight to a finish for adjusted compensation, and we'll win it, too. I will give everything I have to this service.

veterans.

There is a very real lack of appreciation of what the Legion has done in improving the condition of the disabled and incapacitated veteran. The Legion has been a powerful force for the elimination of red tape and official sloth. Part of this lack of appreciation is due to the fact that the public has heard little from the Legion leaders except the demand for the passage of the Adjusted Compensation Act.

It might be a good plan if the minutes of the first National Convention of the Legion could be made part of the regular order of the meeting at every subsequent Convention. There were speeches and resolutions at that first Convention which are deserving of remembrance by those who now have the guidance of the Legion in their hands.

and modern conception of the Bible and of the function of Christianity as applied to the modern problems of a torn and disordered world."

In May of this year he sent to certain newspapers of the State an article in the form of a letter to the several editors. A substantially correct idea of the nature of this article can be obtained from the following quotations:

A good many years ago I decided God was good. This conclusion was reached from two sources: The teachings of Christ and my own personal experience. As I studied the teachings of Christ and my own personal fellowship with God I decided my God is good. That faith has grown with years and I believe it more strongly to-day than ever in my life.

When I read in the Bible anything

1 How I Lost My Job as a Preacher. By J. D. M. Buckner. Obtainable from C. V. Howard, New York City, or J. D. M. Buckner, Aurora, Nebraska. 50 cents.

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