170

A NEW BOOK which amazes

and thrills those who

have read its romantic story.

MOONLIGHT
SCHOOLS

By CORA WILSON STEWART

Chairman Illiteracy Commission of the National Education Association Tells for the first time the full story of how the appalling illiteracy of one Kentucky county prompted the author, then Supt. of the Rowan County Schools, to open a night school session for adults.

She expected an attendance of perhaps one hundred and fifty; twelve hundred came. From every part of the county, no matter how rough the road, or how hard the day's work had been, men came to be rid of the humiliation of having to make a mark instead of signing a name.

Before that campaign ended the illiteracy figures for Rowan County had dropped from 1,152 to 23, of whom only four were wilfully ignorant.

The movement spread to other counties, other States, a U. S. Commissioner of Education praised it in special bulletins, and the author has often been asked for a book telling the story of a movement so stimulating and of such profound importance to the welfare of the nation.

With 26 illustrations. $2.00

OUTLOOK.

The Negro in Chicago

A Study of

Race Relations and a Race Riot

Chicago Rioters Leaving the Beach

Every Afnerican should read the detailed story of the Chicago race riot of July, 1919, as told by

THE CHICAGO COMMISSION ON RACE RELATIONS. The knowledge contained in this book of the living conditions among the Negroes in the North, of propaganda used to influence migrations from the South, and of the commission's recommendations to civic organizations, city officials, State militia, employers, labor unions, boards of education, and the press will help to prevent future racial difficulties. An important volume for everyone interested in America's race problem. Fully illustrated. $6.00 net.

The Negro Press in the United States By Frederick G. Detweiler

Is there a Negro Press? What is it like and how far does it represent the race? What is its contribution to the problem of racial aspiration? This book presents a multitude of facts on the Negro press question, a knowledge of which will help to a better understanding of the racial problems facing American citizenship today. $3.00

The University of Chicago Press 5753 Ellis Ave. Chicago, Illinois

School Information FREE

Catalogs of all Girls' or Boys' boarding schools (and camps) in U. S. Expert advice free. Relative standing from personal inspection. State fully kind wanted. Maintained by American Schools' Assoc. No fees. Write 1100 Times Bldg., New York, or 1515-A Masonic Temple, Chicago TEACHERS' AGENCIES The Pratt Teachers Agency

70 Fifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers to colleges, public and private schools. Advises parents about schools. Wm. O. Pratt, Mgr. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

BROADWAY AT 120TH STREET
NEW YORK CITY

The charter requires that "Equal privileges of admission and instruction, with all the advantages of the Institution, shall be allowed to Students of every denomination of Christians." Eighty-seventh year began September 27th, 1922. For catalogue, address THE DEAN OF STUDENTS.

gree of C.E., and started private practice in 1900 as a supervising and consulting engineer. As soon as the World War began he attended the Plattsburg M. T. Camps, drilled with the New York Training Battery and attended courses of lectures on military subjects. He received his commission as Captain in the Officers' Reserve Corps in 1917, and in a little over a year rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. Overseas he was

cited in Division orders and recommended for promotion to Colonel for his signal services. At present he has a colonelship in the Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps and is assigned as Corps Engineer of the XIIth Corps of the Organized Reserves.

ENATOR DAVENPORT, at The Outlook's

SE

request, is sending us a series of letters on the political situation in the Middle West. The first of his correspondence appears in this issue under the title of "Giving the Middle West the Once Over." This will be followed in the October 11 issue by a second letter on the League of Nations and the attitude of the Middle West toward the Tariff Bill.

EWTON FUESSLE, author of "The

NEWTON FOR the Tropics," gives

from his own experience, gained while on a trip through Havana, Panama, and Costa Rica, an account of the development of the banana industry.

HE much-abused and frequently slan

Tdered profession of teaching should

be congratulated on having so doughty a defender as Mr. William McAndrew. Mr. McAndrew is Assistant Superintendent of the Public Schools of New York City.

B

ARRETT HARPER CLARK, who contributes to our Book Table an article on "Booth Tarkington, Dramatist," was at one time an actor and assistant stage manager with Mrs. Fiske. Since 1919 he has been instructor in the drama every summer at Chautauqua, New York, and has been of remarkable service to dramatic art. Mr. Clark is a most prolific writer on his favorite subject. He is the author of "The Continental Drama of To-day," "British and American Drama of To-day," Contemporary French Dramatists," and other volumes, and has edited and translated many plays from the French and Spanish. He was dramatic director at Camp Humphreys and a member of the Committee on Public Information during the

war.

PHOTOGRAPHS of interesting and newsy

scenes and events are wanted by The Outlook; and for such as are accepted a cash payment of from $3 to $5 will be made. Photographs should be sent with return postage inclosed. Address The Editors of The Outlook, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York City.

THIS MIND

By Bishop William Fraser McDowell These lectures were prepared and spoken with the desire that they might really assist members of the student body in making their decisions for lifework and service in the world to which they are so rapidly coming.

Price, net, $1.00, postpaid.

THE PREACHER AND THE PEOPLE By Bishop Francis J. McConnell Bishop McConnell has restricted the range of these lectures so that they deal only with the minister as a preacher. It is, therefore, an intensive rather than an extensive discussion. It is essentially a book for the younger men in the ministry, although it contains much that will prove profitable to those of larger and wider experience.

Price, net, $1.00, postpaid.

JESUS AS JUDGED BY HIS ENEMIES By James H. Snowden

It is a strong case that can be surrendered to the judgment of enemies. Jesus Christ triumphantly stands this test. He had his enemies in his earthly life, and they had many things to say about him and against him. More than three score of these sayings are scattered through the Gospels. They form a remarkable body of testimony that is of the greatest value.

Price, net, $1.75, postpaid.

THE DIVINE RIGHT OF DEMOCRACY By Clarence True Wilson

In this straightforward discussion Dr. Wilson reminds us of certain forgotten sources of our federal constitution; that Jesus Christ is the embodiment of democratic ideals; that we are, after all, a Christian nation; and he likewise presents certain phases of present-day conditions that should awaken the moral and political conscience of the nation.

Price, net, $1.00, postpaid.

A LITTLE BOOK OF SERMONS
By Lynn Harold Hough

A number of these sermons "grew out of particular occasions and were connected with particular places," as, for instance, the sermon on "The Ampler Puritanism," which was preached at Plymouth, England, at the Pilgrim Tercentenary Service, in September, 1920.

Price, net, $1.25, postpaid.

OUR PROTESTANT HERITAGE
By W. Wofford T. Duncan

In order to meet the claims of the Roman Catholic Church made through paid advertisements in the daily press, Dr. Duncan felt constrained to discuss in his pulpit certain questions in dispute between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. The discourses made a profound impression at the time of their first public presentation, and are entirely worthy of the close attention of the more dispersed audience to which they are now addressed.

Price, net, $1.00, postpaid.

THE LATTER DAY SAINT CHURCH

The Latter Day Saint or Mormon Church, as it is often One of these called, is divided into two principal factions. factions under the leadership of F. M. Smith has headquarters ocated at Independence, Missouri, which place was appointed Zion or principal and permanent gathering place of the Saints by Joseph Smith, the first prophet, seer, and revelator of the Latter Day Saint church, and the man through whom Mormonism originated. The other faction is called the Brighamite or Utah Mormon church, and has its present headquarters located at Salt Lake City. My reference books, however, consisting of the Book of Mormon, Doctrine and Covenants and Corrected Bible, are those of the Reorganized faction, with headquarters located at Independence, Mo., yet the quotations produced here are parts of those communications which, coming through Joseph Smith, the first prophet, have been accepted as revelations from God by the general vote of not only the Reorganized faction, but the Brighamite faction, as well; the sections, etc., of the Brighamite books being numbered somewhat differently than the Reorganized.

GOD APPROVES OF WAR

The question of the legality of war making has been much discussed in all parts of the country and I am anxious that God's law concerning it, given through the grandfather of the present President F. M. Smith, be given to people who are not of the Latter Day Saint faith. I am doing something unusual in directing those not of the Latter Day Saint faith, or the Gentiles as they are called, in how to find those parts of the Reorganized books which so far have been withheld from them, but I feel that I am justified because of the great need of all people for Godly laws to govern them in their actions toward each other. First, I will reproduce paragraph six, of the revelation composing section ninety-five of the Doctrine and Covenants, to show that a command from God is always necessary before war can be engaged in legitimately. It reads as follows: "Behold, this is the law I gave unto my servant, Nephi; and thy father Joseph, and Jacob, and Isaac, and Abraham, and all mine ancient prophets and apostles. And again, this is the law that I gave unto mine ancients, that they should not go out unto battle against any nation, kindred, tongue, or people, save I, the Lord, commanded them. And if any nation, tongue, or people should proclaim war against them, they should first lift a standard of peace unto that people, nation, or tongue, and if that people did not accept the offering of peace, neither the second nor the third time, they should bring these testimonies before the Lord; then, I, the Lord, would give unto them a commandment, and justify them in going out to battle against that nation, tongue or people, and I, the Lord, would fight their battles, and their children's battles and their children's children" (this means that God would do the fighting but would exercise his power through them as is shown by the following four words given special emphasis) "until they had avenged themselves on all their enemies, to the third and fourth generation behold, this is an ensample unto all people, saith the Lord, your God, for justification before me." Nephi, of Book of Mormon fame, Joseph, Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham, the men

referred to above, were all great prophets of the Lord through whom the Lord communicated his will to the people, and as President Fred M. Smith is the leading prophet of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints today, it would be through him that a commandment to make war would of necessity have to come to the Reorganized people. I now wish to reproduce paragraphs eight and nine of the revelation composing section one hundred two of the Doctrine and Covenants, in connection with the paragraph quoted above. Paragraph 8: "Now, behold, I say unto you my friends, in this way you may find favor in the eyes of the people, until the army of Israel becomes very great; and I will soften the hearts of the people, as I did the heart of Pharaoh, from time to time, until my servant Baurak Ale, and Baneemy, whom I have appointed, shall have time to gather up the strength of my house, and to have sent wise men, to fulfill that which I have commanded concerning the purchasing of all lands in Jackson county (Missouri) that can be purchased, and in the adjoining counties round about; for it is my will that these lands should be purchased, and after they are purchased that my Saints may possess them according to the laws of consecration which I have given; and after these lands are purchased, I will hold the ARMIES of Israel guiltless in taking possession of their own lands, which they have previously purchased with their moneys, and of throwing down the towers of mine enemies, that may be upon them, and scattering their watchmen, and avenging me of mine enemies, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me. 9. But firstly let my ARMY become very GREAT, and let it be sanctified before me, that it may become fair as the sun, and clear as the moon, and that her banners may be terrible unto ALL NATIONS;" (please notice that this nation is included also) "that the kingdoms of this world may be constrained to acknowledge that the kingdom of Zion is in very deed the kingdom of our God and his Christ; therefore let us become subject unto her laws."

After reading these revelations we can understand why it was that the Saints maintained an army. An army is not formed, trained, and equipped with arms of war without a reason. It is intended for the prosecution of war providing war should become necessary. However, this army, due to lack of obedience to the revelations of Joseph Smith, and to a lack of numbers, failed to meet the emergency, and when the crisis came some of the Saints were killed and the rest driven out of the country by armed mobs.

But a belief that this reverse to the Latter Day Saint cause could have any permanent results, has never been entertained by the followers of Joseph Smith, who are justified in their firm belief of ultimate success by this revelation, composing paragraph eight of section sixty-four, of the Doctrine and Covenants. "And even the bishop, who is a judge, and his counselors, if they are not faithful in their stewardships, shal! be condemned, and others shall be planted in their stead; for, behold, I say unto you that Zion shall flourish, and the glory of the Lord shall be upon her, and she shall be an ensign unto the people, and there shall come unto her out of every nation under heaven. And the day shall come, when the nations of the earth shall tremble because of her, and shall fear because of her terrible ones. The Lord hath spoken it."

An article of equal interest is to follow in the next number of The Outlook. Do not fail to read it.

TURKEY AGAIN A EUROPEAN POWER

W

HATEVER else may be the result of the concessions by Great Britain, France, and Italy to Mustapha Kemal's demands, it is certain that Turkish power will be re-established in Europe on an extent not dreamed of at the close of the Great War. Even if it is granted that liberal concessions were necessary after the complete victory of the armies of the Turkish Nationalist Government, it is certainly humiliating to the Great Powers of Europe, and demoralizing especially to British prestige, that so complete and far-reaching submission has been made to their former enemy, the ally of Germany. When Kemal was asked to meet the representatives of the Powers in conference, he refused to do so unless in advance of such a conference assurances were given him that his principal demands would be granted. Now that he has been given that assurance, he has shown no hurry to accept the offers made him. The note of the Allies to Kemal was dated on September 23, and up to September 26 no reply had been made.

The terms of the joint note were almost submissive in tone. Poincaré for France, Curzon for Great Britain, and Sforza for Italy asked the Turks "to be good enough to let them know" whether Turkish representatives would be sent to a conference of those nations

and of Japan, Rumania, Jugoslavia, and Greece to be held at Venice or elsewhere. They "take this opportunity to declare that they view with favor" Turkey's demand to be put in power again in eastern Thrace along the line of the River Maritza, which includes Adrianople and territory that most of us supposed had been lost to Turkey forever. The note does not even mention the willingness of the great nations to let Turkey keep all of her former territory in Asia Minor; she holds that, or most of it, by force of victory, and it is tacitly agreed that she shall retain what she has. As.to the other points of real importance such as the freedom of the Dardanelles and the Sea of Marmora and the Bosphorus and the protection of nonMohammedan peoples, the note of the Allies proposes to leave the matter under the guidance of the League of Nations and offers to support the admission of Turkey to the League. They confirm their former assurance that Allied troops will be withdrawn from Constantinople as soon as the final treaty of peace has been settled. In return, they warn the Turks under Kemal from entering into the zone of neutrality on the Asian side. This seems to be about all that the Powers still urgently insist upon, and Kemal has at least twice since negotiations have begun allowed his troops to violate the neutrality of the zone, with constant danger whenever this happens that fighting may begin

between the Turks and the British forces near Chanak.

THE NEAR EAST STILL A DANGER CENTER

D'

ESPITE Lloyd George's optimistic view of the situation that followed his first alarm, the situation in the Near East is still dangerous in the extreme. As we write, reports both from Smyrna and Constantinople say that there is imminent danger of a renewal of the massacres in Smyrna and of an attack upon non-Turks in Constantinople. The Earl of Balfour, for instance, is reported on September 26 as saying that he had information that showed "danger of a great calamity in Smyrna," and one despatch from Constantinople names the exact day upon which it is believed that the Christian section of the city may be attacked by the worst element of the Constantinople Turks. Such outbreaks, if they occur, would complicate the general danger of disorder and might simply demand military intervention from the Powers.

even

The result of the conference indicated by the note of the Allies would, of course, be to destroy completely whatever may be left of the Sévres Treaty, which was signed but never ratified. The occupation by Turkey of eastern Thrace would make a new and always threatening situation in the Balkans, and the attempt to draw new lines for the neutral zone as it exists and to guar

antee the freedom of the Straits presents many difficulties.

Lloyd George said only a few days before the note was signed, "It would be a peril of the darkest kind if we permitted the army which has left Smyrna a heap of blackened ruins to cross over into Europe until permanent peace has been established, and until the conditions of that peace are clearly defined." Yet Kemal, as we write, is reported to be insistent upon the immediate entrance of his army into Thrace to drive out the Greeks from territory assigned to them by the Powers after the Great War.

Features of the situation as it strikes an American observer in London are shown in the following cablegram, dated September 22, from a special correspondent of The Outlook, Mr. W. C. Gregg:

The safety of Europe at present seems to lie in its physical weakness rather than in the strength of its diplomacy. The British Government announced its programme of armed resistance to certain Turkish advances and afterwards consulted its allies. To an American observer this looks like a mistake. They also seem quicker to appreciate a Turkish threat against their commercial use of the Dardanelles than to appreciate the emotions of France at delayed German reparations. The London press is almost unanimous in condemning the Turkish bungling of the Lloyd George Government, and there is more talk about a general election. Winston Churchill's prominence in the present crisis reminds the people of his Gallipoli campaign. One paper prints a picture of a vast British cemetery in Turkey with a heading, "No more of this." There is much clamor for calling Parliament. As yet the Prime Minister has made no sign of compliance. If this America's tire-trouble, our President as well as our people would be looking for Congress to put on its overalls. It will all blow over shortly, unless the Turks get brash and try to cross the Dardanelles. We must not forget the two other sore spots in Europe, Austria's imminent financial collapse and Germany's ugly mood. Germany carries a pistol in her overcoat pocket; her fingers feel for the trigger as her mind dwells on the success of the Turks.

were

Another interesting view of the situation will be found in the London correspondence from General Sir George Aston on another page.

THE HERRIN GRAND JURY
DOES ITS DUTY

HE country has followed with keen

Tinterest the progress of the investi

gation into the horrible murders committed near the Herrin mines last June. The local spirit of apathy and indifference as regards the punishment of the minals was marked. But the spirit

of the people of the State of Illinois, once thoroughly aroused, insisted through its State officials that the arm of justice should not remain inert. Now the special Grand Jury which has been hearing evidence at Marion has returned a long list of indictments. It not only finds indictments against individuals for crime, but it charges the authorities with failure to protect life and property and even criticises the mine owners as "woefully ignorant of the danger or blindly determined to risk strife and conflict if profit could be made."

The number of indictments found indicates that the Grand Jury was fully convinced that this was a group crime, not a spontaneous outbreak of rage among

individuals. The total number of indictments was 214; 44 of these indictments were for murder, 58 for conspiracy to murder, 58 for rioting, and 54 for assault with intent to murder. Among the men indicted for murder are two important officials of labor unions.

The report of the Grand Jury which accompanied the indictments was a full and graphic account of all the circumstances that led up to the crime and all the terrible barbarity of the crime itself. The Grand Jury declared forcefully that the attack of June 21 was the result of a conspiracy which had been gathering and organizing for several days; it quotes the telegram from John L. Lewis, the President of the United Mine Workers of America, which states that members of the organization "are justified in treating this crowd as an outlaw organization"-the posting of this telegram in the neighborhood of the mine has been

regarded as one of the inciting causes of what happened. After describing the cold-blooded murder of the employees after safe conduct had been promised them, the finding of the Grand Jury remarks: "The atrocities and cruelties of the murders are beyond the power of words to describe. A mob is always cowardly, but the savagery of this mob in its relentless brutality is almost unbelievable. The indignities heaped upon the dead did not end until the bodies were interred in unknown graves."

The Grand Jury of the county in which this crime took place has now faithfully and thoroughly done its duty. The country will continue to follow with the utmost intentness the progress of these criminal cases as they come before trial juries.

THE LABOR INJUNCTION

was generally expected, Judge Wilkerson, of the Federal District Court at Chicago, has sustained the sweeping injunction recently issued by himself as a temporary measure. It is now binding as a preliminary injunction, which may be made permanent or may be passed upon by the United States Supreme Court.

In statements made by Judge Wilkerson he sustains broadly the contentions made by Attorney-General Daugherty. His main point is that the evidence of illegal and criminal activities by the striking shopmen, their unions or their supporters, is such that there was proof of a criminal conspiracy to interfere with inter-State commerce. Judge Wilkerson declines to admit as valid the contention of the defendants that participation by them in any illegal act had not been shown. The Judge says that the acts committed were "on such a large scale and in point of time and place so connected with the admitted conduct of the strike that it is impossible on the record here to view them in any other light than as done in furtherance of a common purpose and as part of a common plan." He cannot, therefore, he says, reach the conclusion that "those who were at the head of this combination did not actually know that these things were being done.”

The injunction order as it stands forbids any participation in acts tending to interfere with railway operation by officers or members of the shop crafts belonging to the Railway Employees' Department of the American Federation of Labor.

The weak point in this kind of dealing with labor matters is that, when the question is as to the actual decision whether a given individual has in fact committed an illegal act or has com