130 ROOM AT THE TOP In Social Work as in Other Professions Two hundred American cities are seeking men trained and experienced in community organization to direct Councils of Social Agencies, Welfare Federations and Joint Financing Enterprises. If you have had administrative experience in social agencies you can get Professional Training and Practical Experience in Community Organization Work at the School of Applied Social Sciences WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY and THE WELFARE FEDERATION Cleveland A nominal salary is paid to students during training. Write now for admission to the October or the February classes. JAMES ELBERT CUTLER, Ph.D., Dean 11014 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio SCHOLARSHIPS available, partial, endowed, for promising students, girls DEAN ACADEMY, Franklin, Mass. above 12, in a high-grade boarding school; college preparatory. College town. Send school record and references. Talent preferred. Box 8,205, Outlook. TEACHERS' AGENCIES 56th Year. Young men and young women find here a homelike atmosphere, thorough and efficient training in every department of a broad culture, a loyal and helpful school spirit. Liberal endowment permits liberal terms, $400 to $500 per year. Special course in domestic science. For catalogue and inforination address, The Pratt Teachers Agency ARTHUR W. PEIRCE, Litt.D., Headmaster 70 Eifth Avenue, New York Recommends teachers to colleges, public and private schools. Advises parents about schools. Wm. O. Pratt, Mgr. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA GUNSTON HALL In the National Capital A Girls' School With an Atmosphere of Quiet Refinement and Culture Washington offers many unusual advantages in Art Exhibits, Concerts, Social and Governmental Activities. Gunston Hall stands for Character Building as well as Scholastic Attainment. General Academic, College Preparatory, PostGraduate and Elective Courses. All branches of Athletics. For catalog address Mrs. BEVERLEY R. MASON 1938 Florida Ave.. Washington, D. C. CONNECTICUT WALNUT HILL SCHOOL 23 Highland St., Natick, Mass. A College Preparatory School for Girls. 17 miles from Boston. Miss Conant, Miss Bigelow, Principals WALTHAM SCHOOL for GIRLS Boarding and Day School. From primary grades through college preparatory. School Building. Gymnasium. Three residences. Ample opportunity for outdoor life. 63d year. Address Miss MARTHA MASON, Principal, Waltham, Mass. NEW JERSEY The McCarter School Cranford, New Jersey For little children from four to eight years of age. Ideal home and school life. Alice McCarter. KENT PLACE Summit, N. J. 20 miles from N. Y. A Country School for Girls. College Preparatory and Academic Courses. Mrs. SARAH WOODMAN PAUL Principals. Miss ANNA S. WOODMAN NEW YORK Crane Normal Institute of Music 51 MAIN STREET, POTSDAM, NEW YORK Indian Mountain School PUTNAM HALL, School for Girls One year tutoring course for boys who need individual instruction Beautiful location. Splendid equipment. Athletics. Write for booklet. F. B. RIGGS, Lakeville, Connecticut College preparatory, social secretary and other courses. All out-of-door sports. Campus of four acres. Supervised gymnastics. Sleeping porches. Hockey field. ELLEN C.BARTLETT, A.B., Principal, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (807. 'Renzelver" School Children five to twelve, continuing education through period of physical strengthening and corrective develop ment. H. MARGUERITE SCHRYVER, Principal, Staatsburgh-on-Hudson, N. Y. Booklet. The Outlook Copyright, 1922, by The Outlook Company TABLE OF CONTENTS Vol. 132 September 27, 1922 No. 4 THE OUTLOOK 18 PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE OUTLOOK COMPANY, 381 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK. LAWRENCE F. ABBOTT, PRESIDENT. N. T. PULSIFER, VICE-PRESIDENT. FRANK C. HOYT, TREASURER. ERNEST H. ABBOTT, SECRETARY. TRAVERS D. CARMAN, ADVERTISING DIRECTOR. What the Public Wants-Below the Equator By Maria Moravsky Contributors' Gallery.... The Destruction of Smyrna. What Will Turkey Gain ?.. The Peace of Europe ..... 129 131 133 133 134 FEW CONTRIBUTORS' NEW American writers, explorers, lecturers, and special correspondents are better known than George Kennan. As the special correspondent of The Outlook in the Russo-Japanese War; in Cuba, in the Spanish War times; in Martinique after the great volcanic eruption; and in other countries, Mr. Kennan has done some of the most notable special correspondence work in the history of this journal. He had for a great many years the pleasure of a peculiarly intimate friendship with Alexander Graham Bell. In this article he is perhaps the first to write about Dr. Bell with hardly a mention of the telephone. The article will be found, we are sure, to be the more interesting in that it is personal and reminiscent rather than scientific in its character. HERBERT GORMAN is contributing as sistant to the New York "Times" Magazine and Book Review Section. He has been spending the summer at the MacDowell Colony at Peterborough, New Hampshire, principally occupied in finishing his novel, correcting proof on a book of verse which is appearing in the fall, and putting together the Peterborough Anthology. M. KILE, formerly associated with 0. the American Farm Bureau Fed eration, and an authoritative writer on farm problems, has been in close touch with the members of the Congressional Commission which conducted investigations into the costs of distribution and the effect on the farmer of the pending Tariff Bill, and has given the subject considerable independent study. Mr. Kile is the author of "The Farm Bureau Movement," and writes regularly for the leading agricultural publications. LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER K. TOSH of the United States Navy makes readable a scientific subject. His article was announced in our issue of September 13 as written by Lieutenant Tinker. We wish to correct that statement and apologize for the substitution of names in our advance notice. Lieutenant-Commander McIntosh has been stationed at the Naval Air Station at Pensacola and is a frequent contributor to "Sea Power," "The Naval Institute Proceedings," and numerous aeronautical magazines. DR R. FREDERICK W. CLAMPETT is Chaplain of Saint Luke's Chapel in Paris. During the war he was Chaplain of the 144th Field Artillery in France and be Many articles have been written about conspicuous men whose careers are notable successes by reason of their wealth or professional. positions, but every town has another type the average successful American who has done his duty to his family and his community and has reached a position of trust and honor in the minds of his neighbors which cannot be measured in the usual terms of success. It is this type of American which will be depicted for the first time in a series to which the three noted writers mentioned above have contributed. To begin in the OCTOBER SCRIBNER'S fore that Rector Emeritus of Trinity St. John's Riverside Hospital Training | UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY School for Nurses YONKERS, NEW YORK Registered in New York State, offers a 2% years' course- BROADWAY AT 120TH STREET The charter requires that "Equal privileges of admission and instruction, with all the advantages of the Institution, shall be allowed to Students of every denomination of Christians." Eighty-seventh year begins September 27th, 1922. For catalogue, address THE DEAN OF STUDENTS. BRONZE HONOR ROLL HISTORICAL TABLETS Write us your requirements REED & BARTON, TAUNTON, MASS SEPTEMBER 27, 1922 THE DESTRUCTION OF SMYRNA T HE unresisted entrance of Kemal's Nationalist army into Smyrna was followed, as has so often been the case in Turkish victories, by rapine, slaughter, and fire. Smyrna, a city of some 300,000 inhabitants, is little but a heap of ashes and ruins; only a part of the Turkish residence quarter remains untouched; for three days the fires burned practically unchecked. No one knows how many Greeks and Armenians perished. A terror-stricken mob of people sought refuge on the waterfront and overcrowded the foreign ships in the harbor. The American war vessels there, we are glad to report, rendered efficient and humane assistance within their limited power. Foreign schools and institutions, some of them American, went down in the general combustion, but so far as is known American teachers and workers (except perhaps a few naturalized American citizens) escaped alive and are actively engaged in relief work. (C) Underwood THE CITY AND HARBOR OF SMYRNA BEFORE THE CONFLAGRATION WHAT WILL TURKEY GAIN? There is danger that, in the centering T of interest in the grave international issues raised by Greece's overwhelming defeat, attention may be diverted from the humanitarian side of the problem. Whatever else is done, the Powers should take steps to prevent the recurrence of massacre and devastation in the Near East. In this America has a right and duty to be heard, both because of the extent of our benevolent and commercial interests and because American lives are involved. We shall unquestionably join also in the needed relief work. We should also let our National protest be heard as to the crimes committed against civilization and humanity under the guise of warfare. From time immemorial Turkish victories have meant massacre, cruelty, and slavery, and Kemal's triumph is no exception to the historical record. It is reported that the Assembly of the League of Nations, after listening to an earnest plea from Dr. Nansen, indicated that it could only by resolution express "an ardent desire" that something be done. In some way the world must put a stop to barbaric slaughter in the Near East, and our responsibility and duty did not lapse because we do not take a part in the political and territorial questions involved. The Kemalist Parliament is reported as asking that the League of Nations and a neutral commission investigate the atrocity charges. HE story is told by Mr. CunliffeOwen in the New York "Times" that three hundred years ago, after a disastrous war, the Sultan of Turkey ordered to be recited in every mosque this prayer, "May the Angel of Discord, who has always been our ally, come again to our aid, and confound our enemies." Once again indecision and lack of a united purpose among the Powers have put the Turkish armies into a threatening position, and will almost certainly gain for Turkey important concessions. We hear very little now of the demand, so strong just after the Great War, that Turkey must be put out of Europe and kept out. Greece has been allowed, and by Great Britain encouraged, to occupy territory in Asia Minor; she has been driven out and disgracefully beaten; no one doubts that Turkey will hold on to Anatolia. There is a strong probability that she will receive concessions in Thrace, and she is clamorously demanding Adrianople and supremacy in Constantinople itself. If one thing is patent, it is that the old Entente Powers must cease their shifty indecision and secret promotion of individual ambitions and unite in a common policy. Russia openly favors Kemal and threatens to aid him; with the Russo-German treaty signed at Genoa in mind, there are future possibilities of a German, Russian, and Turkish combination in Near East affairs that may not be disregarded. "A rein vigorated Entente is needed to face a reinvigorated Turkey," says one writer. On one point the Entente Powers should join: that the Dardanelles and the passage to the Black Sea must be kept open, free, and neutralized. Alarmed by Kemal's threats made in the first flush of victory, Great Britain at once instituted a vigorous military policy, landing troops and guns at Chanak (on the Asian side of the Straits), sending large reinforcements to her already large naval force in the Straits, urging the Balkan countries to aid in the defense, and even inviting Australia and Canada to send military contingents. The attitude of some classes in Great Britain was less warlike, and for two reasons: one was the evident dislike of a large part of the British press and people to anything like a new war; the second was the expressed belief of France and Italy that a peaceable agreement might be reached around a council table. General Townshend, of Kut-el-Amara fame, is reported as saying that England must "get out" of the Near East; he is one of those who fear the effect of a strong policy on Mohammedans in India and Egypt. On September 19 it was officially stated in London, after a Cabinet meeting, that Great Britain will defend the Dardanelles alone if the other Powers refuse to join, while Kemal has had the audacity to ask that his army occupy Thrace during peace negotiations. The real danger point is the part of THE STRAITS, THE NEUTRALIZED ZONE, AND SMYRNA Angora, the seat of Kemal's Nationalist Covernment, is about 150 miles east of Eskishehr the neutral zone that lies in Asia- THE PEACE OF EUROPE Entente. If this is a real military combination under French leadership, the peace of Europe will probably not be disturbed by an attempted German comeback. Any reasons for further European wars are offset by political confusion, lack of preparedness, and by the French army, which at this moment is the principal safeguard of civilization." POLITICAL HOPES: BLASTED AND BLOSSOMED T HE Democratic hope that Senator Lodge might fail of renomination in is there danger of another general Massachusetts had little tangible basis. Istrepe danger of another general been anxiously asked since the present crisis arose. It seems unthinkable and is certainly highly improbable, but there are peculiar dangers in the situation; and the way to avoid serious complications is to recognize them and deal with The result of the primary by which he was nominated by a three-to-one vote bore out the predictions of all observers familiar with conditions in Massachusetts. For Governor, Massachusetts chose to renominate the present holder of that office, Channing H. Cox. Governor Cox's opponent was AttorneyGeneral J. Weston Allen, who did such good work in securing the disbarment of District Attorneys Tufts and Pelletier for using the machinery of government for private extortion. If the Democrats are disappointed in the renomination of Senator Lodge, they ought to be pleased over the defeat of Cole Blease for the Governorship of South Carolina. It is probably a tragic confession of editorial ignorance to admit that we know very little of the record of his victorious opponent, Mr. Thomas G. McLeod. To know that Cole Blease has been defeated is, however, adequate ground for congratulating the State of South Carolina. The present Governor of Georgia. Thomas W. Hardwick, has been beaten for renomination by Clifford L. Walker. Five years ago Governor Hardwick was Senator from Georgia and was beaten for re-election mainly because President Wilson threw his influence against him. In the present contest he apparently owes his defeat to his former ally, Thomas E. Watson, of vitriolic pen and the United States Senate. Governor Hardwick also incurred the hostility of the Ku Klux Klan by his praiseworthy attempt to make that organization of misguided nativists unmask. AN ARMY, NOT AN HE Salvation Army is unique among under the absolute rule of one man. As in every other army, the General commands; the officers and soldiers obey. That great genius, William Booth, built the organization on the army type because he saw the possibilities of discipline, obedience, the uniform, and the band-militancy, in short. In many ways the plan has worked marvelously well. The Salvation Army has fought a good fight; one does not have to agree with its theological tenets (few, perhaps, know or care precisely what they are) nor to find its methods always dignified; what matters is that it has been of vast helpfulness in seeking out those who are sick, poor, and hopeless-whether in body, mind, or soul-and bringing to them Christian brotherhood and aspiration. Under the direction of Commander Evangeline Booth the Salvation Army in America has made remarkable advances in numbers, in efficiency, and in popular esteem. It is, we believe, the largest existing branch of the Army. Its war work was beyond praise. Literally it befriended the American soldier; and no American soldier who saw its work in France will ever fail to remember its friendly spirit. While its capital and property holdings are said to have increased by $22,000,000 under Commander Booth's direction, an astoundingly large percentage of the income received goes directly to the needy and to actual work; the officers, from Commander Booth down, receive, above actual expenses, what would be called pitifully small pay were it not that every one knows that they literally give themselves, and that their devotion is unbounded. In view of what the Army has accomplished, it would be rash to say that hereditary supremacy has not been wise |