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enables them to detect important mistakes will be kind enough to point them out candidly and clearly, I will gladly correct such serious faults if another edition should ever be required by an indulgent public.

BALTIMORE, AUGUST, 1850.

BRANTZ MAYER.

AUTHORITIES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS WORK.

I. HISTORICAL.

Cartas de Cortéz ed. Lorenzana. Zavala-Revoluciones de Mejico.
Historia Verdadera de la Conquis-
ta de la Nueva España-Bernal
Diaz.

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Mendez-Observaciones sobre las leyes, &c., &c.

N. American Review, vol. XIX. Transactions of the American Ethnological Society, in the Articles on Mexico, by Mr. Gallatin. Researches, Philosophical and Antiquarian, concerning the Aboriginal History of America, by J. H. McCulloh. Pesquisia contra Pedro de Alva

rado y Nuño de Guzman. Lives of the Viceroys in the Liceo Mejicano.

Notas y esclarecimientos à la his

toria de la Conquista de Mejico, por José F. Ramirez.-2d vol. of Mexican translation of Prescott.

desde 1808, hasta 1830. Don Vicente Pazo's Letters on the United Provinces of South America.

Robinson's Memoirs of the Mexican Revolution.

Ward's Mexico in 1827, &c.
Foote's History of Texas.
Tejas in 1836.

Memorias para la Historia de la
Guerra de Tejas, por General
Vicente Filisola.
Forbes's California.
Greenhow's Oregon and California.
American State Papers.
Ranke-Fursten und Volker.
Dr. Dunham's History of Spain
and Portugal.

General Waddy Thompson's Re-
collections of Mexico.
Apuntes para la historia de la
guerra entre Mejico y los Esta-
dos Unidos.

Lectures on Mexican history, by

José Maria Lacunza, Professor in the College of San Juan de Letran.

Constituciones de Mejico y de los

Estados Mejicanos.

Thirteen octavo volumes of documents published by the Congress of the United States, relative to our intercourse and war with Mexico, collected by myself.

Tributo à la Verdad,-Vera Cruz 1847.

4

PREFACE.

II. DESCRIPTIVE.

Humboldt, Essai Politique sur la Isidro R. Gondra's Notes on Mexi

Nouvelle Espagne.

Poinsett's Notes on Mexico.
Bullock's Mexico.

Lieut. Hardy's Journey in Mexico.
Ward's Mexico in 1827.
Folsom's Mexico in 1842.
Mühlenpfordt-Die Republik Me-
jico.

Mejico en 1842, por Luis Manuel

de Rivero.

Mexico as it Was and as it Is, 1844.
Ensayo sobre el verdadero estado
de la cuestion social y politica
que se agita en la Republica
Mejicana, por Otero, 1842.
Madame Calderon de la Barca's
Life in Mexico.
Kennedy's Texas.

Emory, Abert, Cooke and Johnston-Journals in New Mexico and California-1848. Frémont's Expeditions, 1842-'3-'4. Frémont's California, 1848.

T. Butler King's Report on California, 1850.

W. Carey Jones's do. do. 1850.
Executive documents in relation
to California, 1850.
Forbes's California.
Bryant's do.

Kendall's Santa Fé Expedition.
Wilkes's Exploring Expedition.
Wise-Los Gringos.

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can Antiquities, in the 3rd vol. (with plates) of the Mexican translation of Prescott. Nebel-Voyage Arquéologique et Pittoresque en Mexique. Memoir of the Mexican Minister of Foreign and Domestic Affairs on the condition of the country in

Idem in

1846.

1849.

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Memoir on the Agriculture and Manufactures of Mexico, by Don Lucas Alaman, 1843. Memoir on the Liquidation of the National Debt, by Alaman, 1845. Noticias Estadisticas del Estado de Chihuahua, 1834. Noticias Estadisticas sobre el Departamento de Queretaro, 1845. Nos. 1, 2, 3, Boletin del Instituto Nacional de Geografia y Estadistica, 1839-1849. Collecion de documentos relativos al departamento de Californias, 1846.

El Observador Judicial de Mejico. Semanario de la Industria Meji

cana.

El Mosaico Mejicano.

Journal des Economistes. Lyell's Geology.

Gama-Piedras Antiguas de Me- Lerdo-Consideraciones sobre la

jico.

El Museo Mejicano.

condicion social y politica de la

Republica Mejicana en 1847.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER III.-Cortéz founds La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz-Fleet destroyed-

March to Mexico-Conquest of Tlascala-Cholula-Slaughter in Cholula-Valley

of Mexico-Cortez enters the Valley-Gigantic Causeway-Lake of Tezcoco-

Reception by Montezuma-Spaniards enter the capital, .
28

CHAPTER IV.-Description of the City of Tenochtitlan-Montezuma's way of

life-Market-place-Cortéz at the Great Temple—Description of it—Place of Sa-

crifice Sanctuaries-Huitzilopotchtli-Tezcatlipoca-Danger of Cortéz-Monte-

zuma seized-Montezuma a prisoner-his submissiveness-Arrival of Narvaez-

Cortéz's diplomacy-Cortéz overcomes Narvaez, and recruits his forces, .. 35

CHAPTER V.-Cortez returns to the Capital-Causes of the revolt against the

Spaniards-Cortéz condemns Alvarado-his conduct to Montezuma-Battle in the

city-Montezuma mediates-Fight on the Great Temple or Teocalli-Retreat of

the Spaniards-Noche Triste-Flight of the Spaniards to Tacuba,
44

CHAPTER VI.-Retreat to Otumba-Cortéz is encountered by a new army of Az-

tecs and auxiliaries-Victory of the Spaniards at Otumba-Proposed re-alliance of

Aztecs and Tlascalans-Forays of Cortéz-reduction of the eastern regions-Cor-

téz proposes the re-conquest-sends off the disaffected-Cortez settles the Tlascalan

succession,.
. . 50

CHAPTER VII.--Death of Cuitlahua-he is succeeded by Guatemozin-Aztecs

learn the proposed re-conquest-Cortéz's forces for this enterprise-Cortez at Tez-

coco-his plans and acts-Military expeditions of Cortez in the Valley-Operations

at Chalco and Cuernavaca-Xochimilco-return to Tacuba-Cortéz returns to

Tezcoco and is reinforced,

. . 56

CHAPTER VIII.—Cortéz returns-conspiracy among his men detected-Execution

of Villafaña-Brigantines launched-Xicotencatl's treason and execution-Dispo-

sition of forces to attack the city-Siege and assaults on the city-Fight and re-

verses of the Spaniards-Sacrifice of captives-Flight of allies-Contest renewed-

Starvation, .
62

CHAPTER IX.-Aztec prediction—it is not verified-Cortez reinforced by fresh

arrivals—Famine in the city-Cortéz levels the city to its foundation—Condition

of the capital—Attack renewed-Capture of Guatemozin-Surrender of the city—

Frightful condition of the city,
70

CHAPTER X.-Duty of a historian-Motives of the Conquest-Character and

deeds of Cortéz-Materials of the Conquest-Adventurers-Priests-Indian allies

-Historical aspects of the Conquest, .
. . 75

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CHAPTER XI.-Discontent at not finding gold-Torture of Guatemozin-Results

of the fall of the capital-Mission from Michoacan-Rebuilding of the capital-

Letters to the King-Intrigues against Cortéz-Fonseca-Narvaez — Tapia —

Charles V. protects Cortéz and confirms his acts,
80

CHAPTER XII.—Cortéz commissioned by the Emperor-Velasquez—his death—

Mexico rebuilt-Immigration-Repartimientos of Indians-Honduras-Guatemo-

zin-Mariana-Cortéz accused-ordered to Spain for trial-his reception, honors

and titles he marries his return to Mexico-resides at Tezcoco-Expeditions of

Cortéz-California-Quivara-returns to Spain-death-Where are his bones? 84

CHAPTER XIII.-Archbishop Zumarraga's destruction of Mexican monuments,

writings, documents-Mr. Gallatin's opinion of them-Traditions-two sources of

accurate knowledge-Speculations on antiquity-Aztecs-Toltecs-Nahuatlacs—

Acolhuans, &c.-Aztecs emigrate from Aztlan-settle in Anahuac-Tables of emi-

gration of the original tribes-Other tribes in the empire,
. . 92

CHAPTER XIV.-Difficulty of estimating the civilization of the Aztecs-Nations

in Yucatan-Value of contemporary history-The Aztec monarchy-elective-

Royal style in Tenochtitlan-Montezuma's way of life-Despotic power of the

Emperor over life and law-Theft-intemperance-marriage-slavery-war-Mili-

tary system and hospitals-Coin-Revenues-Aztec mythology-Image of Teo-

yaomiqui Teocalli-Two kinds of sacrifice-Why the Aztecs sacrificed their

prisoners-Common Sacrifice-Gladitorial Sacrifice-Sacrificial Stone-Aztec Ca-

lendar-week, month, year, cycle-Procession of the New Fire-Astronomical

Science-Aztec Calendar-Tables,

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