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NAVAL AVIATION

OFFICERS ASSIGNED TO NAVAL AVIATION ON DUTY IN NAVY DEPARTMENT

OFFICE OF NAVAL OPERATIONS

Capt. T. T. Craven, U. S. N.
Commander W. J. Giles, U. S. N.
*Commander Kenneth Whiting, U. S. N.
Commander R. M. Griswold, U. S. N.
*Lt. Comm. P. N. L. Bellinger, U. S. N.
*Lt. Comm. R. E. Byrd, U. S. N.
*Lt. Comm. Zachary Lansdowne, U. S. N.
*Lt. Comm. J. P. Norfleet, U. S. N.
Lt. Comm. C. Y. Johnson, U. S. N.

*Lt. Comm. N. B. Chase, U. S. N.

*Lt. Comm. Wadleigh Capehart, U. S. N.
Lt. (J. G.) James J. McAtee, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. Ernest J. Fuller, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. (J. G.) Chase E. Mathews, U. S. N. R. F.

BUREAU OF NAVIGATION

Lt. Comm. R. M. Griffin, U. S. N.

*Lt. W. L. Richardson, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. (J. G.) C. N. Keyser, U. S. N. R. F.

BUREAU OF ENGINEERING

Lt. Comm. S. M. Kraus, U. S. N.
*Lt. Comm. B. G. Leighton, U. S. N.
Lt. Chas. F. Goob, U. S. N. R. F.
*Lt. H. W. Roughley, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. Howard W. Kitchen, U. S. N.
*Lt. (J. G.) E. B. Koger, U. S. N. R. F.
*Lt. (J. G.) M. E. Williams, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. (J. G.) M. Z. Bishop, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. (J. G.) Joseph C. Jennings, U. S. N. R. F.
*Ens. Wm. Miller, U. S. N.

*Pilot.

BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR

Commander J. C. Hunsaker, U. S. N.
Lt. Comm. Garland Fulton, U. S. N.
Lt. Carl B. Harper, U. S. N. R. F.
*Lt. Edw. W. Rounds, U. S. N. R. F.
*Lt. (J. G.) Chas. E. Baugh, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. (J. G.) W. G. Brown, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. (J. G.) Chas. H. Chatfield, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. (J. G.) W. S. Diehl, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. (J. G.) Raymond D. MacCart, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. (J. G.) Chas J. McCarthy, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. (J. G.) Chris. A. Rodegerdts, U. S. N. R. F.
*Lt. (J. G.) Walter C. Wilson, U. S. N. R. F.

BUREAU OF ORDNANCE

Lt. Comm. J. W. Rankin, U. S. N.

BUREAU OF SUPPLIES AND ACCOUNTS
Lt. Comm. Emory D. Stanley, U. S. N.

YARDS AND DOCKS

Lt. K. B. Bragg, U. S. N.

LIST OF OFFICERS AT NAVAL AIRCRAFT FACTORY,
LEAGUE ISLAND, PHILA.

Comm. G. C. Westervelt, U. S. N.
*Comm. H. C. Richardson, U. S. N.
*Comm. R. D. Weyerbacher, U. S. N.
Lt. S. S. Pierce, U. S. N. R. F.
Lt. W. McFellers, U. S. N. R. F.
*Lt. R. W. Fleming, U. S. N.

Lt. R. S. Barnaby, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. (J. G.) W. B. Dunlap, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. (J. G.) R. Emerson, U. S. N. R. F.

Lt. (J. G.) V. N. McKenna, U. S. N. R. F.

Ens. W. A. Sprout, U. S. N. (T).

COMMANDER AIR FORCE, ATLANTIC FLEET
Capt. A. W. Johnson, U. S. N.

COMMANDER AIR FORCE, PACIFIC FLEET
*Capt. H. C. Mustin, U. S. N.

*Pilot.

GRADUATES OF NAVAL ACADEMY WHO ARE ALSO NAVAL AVIATORS AS OF NOV. 1st, 1920.

CAPTAINS.

H. C. Mustin.

G. W. Steele.
COMMANDERS.
W. G. Childs.
Kenneth Whiting.
R. W. Cabannis.

A. C. Read.
L. H. Maxfield.

H. C. Richardson.

R. D. Weyerbacher.
J. H. Towers.

LIEUTENANT

COMMANDERS.
A. H. Douglas.
Geo. D. Murray.
Harold B. Grow.
Wm. Masek.
C. P. Mason.

M. A. Mitecher.

V. C. Griffin.

L. L. Babbitt.
H. T. Bartlett.

G. D. Chevalier.

B. G. Leighton.

H. B. Cecil.

E. W. Coil.
D. W. C. Ramsey.
R. E. P. Elmer.
V. D. Herbster.
Newton H. White, Jr.
R. D. Kirkpatrick.
J. C. Montfort.

R. R. Paunack.

E. W. Spencer.
Paul Cassard.
P. N. L. Bellinger.
R. E. Byrd.
Wadleigh Capehart.
N. B. Chase.
Zachary Lansdowne.
J. P. Norfleet.
LIEUTENANTS.
Homan J. Miller.
Harry V. Baugh.
F. W. Wead.
R. E. Davison.
C. J. McReavy.
W. D. Thomas.
Homer Clark.

F. B. Stump.

H. W. Hoyt.

R. G. Pennoyer.
R. W. Fleming.

John F. Maloney.
John D. Price.
Calvin T. Durgin.
A. J. Selman.
R. M. Farrar.
J. J. Ballentine.
F. B. Connell.
E. L. Erickson.
J. S. Farnsworth.
J. G. Farrell.
F. C. Fechteler.
V. F. Grant.
W. S. Factor.
J. B. Kneip.
A. C. McFall.
K. McGinnis.
A. W. Radford.
Hugo Schmidt.
J. H. Strong.
C. W. Wieber.
G. B. Woolley.
H. E. Halland.
C. H. Havill.

LIST OF NAVAL AIR STATIONS AND FIELDS WHERE EXPERIMENTAL WORK OR TRAINING IS CARRIED ON.

[blocks in formation]

Carlstrom Field, Arcadia, Fla. (Courtesy U. S. Air Service).

Great Lakes, Machinists School.

Naval Training Station, Great Lakes.

March Field, Riverside, Cal. (Courtesy U. S. Air Service).
Mineola, Mitchel Field, L. I. (Courtesy U. S. Air Service).

NUMBER OF OFFICERS AND MEN

The total personnel, officers and enlisted men, assigned to Naval Aviation, as of December 15, 1920, was 7,883. Of this number 624 were officers, classified as follows: 376 qualified aviators, heavier-than-air and lighter-than-air; 39 student aviators; 114 ground officers; 95 staff officers. Of the 376 qualified aviators, 244 are in the Naval Reserve, 60 hold temporary commissions and 72 are regular officers in the U. S. Navy. Forty more graduates of the Naval Academy began aviation instruction December 1, 1920. Including reserves and temporary commissioned officers, 52 aviators were attached to the Atlantic Fleet and 50 to the Pacific Fleet, as of November 1, 1920. Of the enlisted personnel, 4627 had aviation ratings and 2632 general ratings, as of November 1, 1020

NAVAL OFFICERS PERFORMING AVIATION DUTIES ABROAD. *Lieut. R. G. Pennoyer, London. *Lieut. F. P. Culbert, Berlin.

*Pilot.

DATA ON UNITED STATES DIRIGIBLE Z.R.-2 (FORMERLY THE R-38) AND PLANS FOR FLIGHT TO UNITED STATES IN 1921

Successful operation of lighter-than-air craft over both land and water during the war, and proof of its usefulness in national defense, impelled Naval Aviation to recommend an airship building program. To save time and gain experience, the R-38, one of two dirigibles under construction at the Royal Airship Works, Bedford, England, was purchased from the British Government. It was renamed the Z.R.-2, another, an American airship under construction in the United States, having been named the Z.R.-I.

The compilers of this volume are indebted to Naval Aviation for release of certain data concerning the Z.R.-2 and an account of typical airship operations, which probably has anticipated the methods of operating the giant dirigible which the Navy Department hoped to fly to the United States soon after its completion in February, 1921.

A detachment of 72 U. S. Naval Aviation officers and men were in training for this purpose at the Royal Air Station, Howden, England, for many months in 1920. The party, headed by Commander L. H. Maxfield, had navigated the R.-32, a British dirigible similar to the R.-34, and also received technical instruction at the Royal Airship Works at Cardington, Bedford; and at the Sunbeam Motor Works, Wolverhampton, where the power plants for the Z.R.-2 were assembled.

In 1919, the airship R.-34 made an epochal round-trip flight across the Atlantic. Huge as that craft appeared, it is almost onethird smaller than the Z.R.-2 and has only half the cruising range. This would seem to indicate the possibility of the Z.R.-2 not only flying the Atlantic in 1921, but actually continuing on, possibly without pause, until it reaches the Pacific Ocean.

The Z.R.-2 is approximately 700 feet long and more than 85 feet in diameter. It has a gas capacity of 2,720,000 cubic feet, as against 2,000,000 cubic feet for the R.-34. The disposable lift of the Z.R.-2 is about 45 tons, while that of the R.-34 is only about 25 tons. The economic cruising speed of the Z.R.-2 is around 60 miles an hour. There are six engine cars.

Airship terminals at Lakehurst, N. J., and Cape May, N. J., were being completed late in 1920. It is expected to establish a

terminal on the Pacific Coast. The hangar at Lakehurst is the largest in the world and was designed to house the Z.R.-2 and permit the assembling of the Z.R.-1.

In daily routine aboard the big airships, the first thing done is to take "lift and trim." This means calculating the total lift of the airship by adding up the amount of ballasti.e., water, gasoline, oil, etc., on board, and noting its location on a chart. In this way a record of the airship's daily lift and variation from day to day is noted. Thus, if to-day's lift is appreciably less than it was yesterday, and no gas has been valved, there is obviously a loss somewhere, and a search for leaks in the gas bags is made. By noting the location of ballast on board, the "trim "-i.e., the tendency for lightness or heaviness in one end of the ship or the other can be seen and compensated for if necessary, it being desirable to keep weights distributed as evenly as possible along the length of the ship to avoid stresses on the hull structure.

After "lift and trim" is taken, the airship is thoroughly cleaned. Engineers then do any necessary work on the engines and cars, riggers inspect controls, gas bags, valves, the outer cover, fin surface, etc., and do the necessary upkeep work, and, where there is a wooden hull, carpenters inspect and repair the framework.

Once a week the purity of each gas bag in the ship is tested, this serving as a check on the general condition of gas tightness of each bag and the ship as a whole. As the purity of the gas directly affects the lift of the ship no pains are spared to keep the gas bags always in the best possible condition.

In preparing ship for flight it is first necessary to know how large a crew is going to be carried and the length and nature of the flight, as knowing this it is then possible to figure out just how much gas is needed to give the necessary additional lift, how much ballast and fuel must be carried. The officer in charge of the operation having figured out just what is necessary, informs the Chief Engineer and gas plant how much gas will be needed. Members of the crew take their respective stations. Gas is taken into the ship through a central gassing hose about twelve inches in diameter with leads off to each gas bag, and comes in directly from the holders through large gas mains sunk in the hangar floor. Four riggers are detailed to put water ballast aboard as it is needed when the lift increases from incoming gas.

When the ship is gassed, fuelled and ballasted, a very careful "lift and trim " is taken and charts made out showing the amounts and location of all fuel and ballast. These charts are posted in the control car and are referred to by the operating officers during

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