the stock yards, usually with cottonseed meal, producing a manure high in nitrogen. The high freight rates from Phoenix almost prohibit the export of this fertilizer; therefore, the supply is far greater than the local demand now takes care of and prices are very low. Cottonseed Meal Successful Cottonseed meal has been successfully used to some extent. One grower, Mr. B. F. Carper, attributes some of the exceilent showing of his young grove to sulphuring of the soil. Phosphate has been applied in several instances and a limited use of nitrate of soda indicates considerable value in holding the crop on the 6th. That a quick drop in temperature in April was more acute and reached a lower level in the cover-cropped grove than in the clean cultivated grove. Therefore, it is indicated that a cover-crop in summer will moderate the temperature and increase the humidity in a grove, while in winter it will slightly increase the frost risk: that an irrigation in cold weather will raise the temperature appreciably and help combat frost: and that an irrigation before blossoming will tend to retard the bloom while an irrigation during blossoming might cause such a shock to the roots as to injure the bloom. Gov. Stephens Says (Continued from Page 1) hand, but an abundance of water must be made available for those who have been successful on a limited area and whose success warrants the intensive cultivation of more and more land. Five Million Acres Need Irrigation "There remain 5,000,000 acres, possible of irrigation in California. This area is an empire in its extent and in its possibilities. More can be produced on this area alone, than can be raised in the whole area of some other Statesif water is provided. "In the rivers of our commonwealth, in the mountain ranges that stand throughout the length of our State as eternal guardians of natural beauty, we find water for all our lands, and power for every comfort and industry there awaits development. We can not hold back. We must go forward. We must avail ourselves of these life-giving, industry-building agenciesand we must, within our capabilities, provide for those who are to follow. California's Slogan "Water on every acre and power for every purpose must be the slogan of every lover of the Golden State. There is enough of both going to waste or lying latent in the hills. You all are acquainted with the power of a horse, but do you realize that it would take ten million horses to furnish the power equal to that asleep in the mountains of California awaiting our awakening that it may go forth to brighten the homes and lighten the tasks of men and women of this great commonwealth? "Do you growers of fruit and reapers of grain, that are around me tonight realize that California can supply all of the more delicate foods the nation needs and a large part of its staple requirements, if we fully develop the water and power within the State? "I deem it quite proper now to call your attention to legislation recently enacted in California. It is known as Soldier Welfare legislation-and interests every patriotic, boy-loving citizen of California. Aid Soldier Legislation "The last Legislature passed a series of Soldier laws-among them bills appropriating $3,000,000 to be loaned to California boys, who enlisted in any of our wars and who still reside in this State. In November, 1922-all voters will be called upon to authorize an addition of $7,000,000, making in all $10,000,0000 which the State of California proposes to lend to her soldier lads to assist them in the purchase of homes and farms. This money is not to be given away, but is to be loaned and is to be repaid to the State in forty annual installments. "As the Governor of all the people, I call upon all to vote 'yes' on this proposition when election day comes in November, 1922. Take some one with you to the polls and help the boys. They are your own boys, they belong to California, and when we help them to own homes and farms, we cause greater interest in California's development, and in a larger production of fruit, vegetables, grain and live stock. When we help California's soldiers, sailors and marines we help ourselves. Must Educate Congress "May I not ask you all to assist in educating Washington and the East as regards our Japanese problem? Washington is not fully informed and the Eastern people generally have even less information concerning this all important question. Japan is a great nation with a wonderful history and has made remarkable progress entitling her to a place among the Great Powers of the world-but she is not entitled to absorb America, or any part of it. Californians and Japs Unassimilable "California is for those whom we can assimilate-and immigration to our shores of any who can not possibly become citizens of America must stop. The necessary legislation is almost wholly Federal, so help us to educate our National Government at Washington." FOR SALE: One and two year old Wonderful Pomegranate trees, grown by J. W. Irwin, Lindsay, California. Spraying Triumphs Again Evidence of Remarkable Results from KEEPING THE KIDDIES QUIET This interesting question came almost too late for our November issue. Questions should reach me by the 15th of the month if the answer is expected in the following issue. Dear Joan: What would you suggest to keep the Thanksgiving guests busy and happy and out of the kitchen, before giving the welcome call?-Gretchen. I was at a friend's house once where guests, including several children, live boys and girls, had gathered a whole hour before the vegetables were put on to cook. The ever-resourceful mother just called one of the older girls aside and whispered something to her. Soon she, with the younger members of the party, disappeared, leaving the older people to enjoy a restful and uninterrupted visit. . As more guests arrived, the younger ones were sent up stairs, to join their set. When "the welcome call was heard at last"-down the stairs marched a procession of Pilgrims. Each child had been dressed up, with the help of the older sister, in paper hats, collars, knee-buckles, capes, kerchiefs, long skirts, etc., and with the fun of getting ready (cutting the paper collars, buckles, etc., and pinning them on) for the big surprise they were going to give the grownups, the time had passed all too quickly. The dinner was enjoyed nevertheless, and the meditation regarding the Pilgrim fathers not only made the children less hilarious but the true spirit of Thanksgiving prevailed. CONUNDRUMS FOR THE THANKSGIVING DINNER TABLE Place cards made from water color paper in the shape of leaves, and bearing one or two of these conundrums would be very appropriate for Thanksgiving. The leaves could be decorated in water colors, either green or autumn shades. Or the conundrums would furnish entertainment if just asked by some one at the table. What nut grows nearest the sea? (Beachnut.) What nut grows the lowest? (Groundnut.) What nut is the color of a pretty girl's eyes? (Hazlenut.) What nut is good for naughty boys? (Hickory.) What nut is like an oft told tale? (Chestnut.) What nut grows on the Amazon? (Brazil nut.) What nut is like a naughty boy when sister has a beau? (Pecan) What nut is like a Chinaman's eyes? (Almond) What nut is like a good Jersey cow? (Butternut) What is the mason's favorite nut? (Walnut) The following are answered with names of vegetables: A pronoun preceded and followed by a preposition. (Onion) A painful projection. (Corn) What vegetables should see a great deal and why? (Potatoes-they have so many eyes.) Every good Chinaman has my first; my second is to overload. (Cucumber-queue-cumber) Normal, and a very small peice. (Parsnip) A boy, a letter, and a part of the body. (Tomato-Tom-a-toe) One of our readers suggests the following addition to the Thanksgiving salad: Cheese Balls Whites of 2 eggs 1 cup of grated cheese 1-8 teaspoonful salt 1 tablespoon flour Sprinkle of paprika Beat whites of eggs stiff, then add cheese and other ingredients. Roll in small balls about the size of a large marble, roll in cracker crumbs and fry in deep, hot fat until golden brown. Serve hot with salad. Another reader writes that she has found that tiny glasses of jelly, with cards attached, make welcome and suitable Christmas gifts for certain friends, and reminds us that now is the time to prepare this particular gift. WE THANK THEE Ralph Waldo Emerson For flowers that bloom about our feet; Father in heaven, we thank Thee! For blue of stream and blue of sky; For pleasant shade of branches high; For fragrant air and cooling breeze; For beauty of the blooming trees, Father in heaven, we thank Thee! E Growers Should Carry On Experiments Must Determine Needs of Their Particular Groves XPERIMENTATION has led to most of the startling and important discoveries in history. Now and then some new process is discovered by accident, but the accident usually occurs in the carrying out of experiments along other lines. By constructive experimentation Whitney invented the cotton gin, Fulton the steamboat, and Bell the telephone. Narrowing ourselves down to the fertilizer question, we find that its growth likewise has been the result of research. Our government is continually at work on both ends, production and effect. Just recently, the Summerland Experiment Station, just south of Santa Barbara, has closed its doors, after some years of experiments conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture. Their labor has resulted in proving the feasibilty of manufacturing potash from kelp. Experiments regarding the use and effect of fertilizers is conducted by and under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture, in most cases by state experiment stations. Where there are state colleges, these stations are usually adjuncts to those institutions. So in our state, our own Citrus Experiment Station at Riverside is a part of the University of Berkeley. Here some of the keenest minds along agriculture lines strive to determine specific truths for the practical use of the producer. Perhaps many orange growers are still unaware of the possibilities of the future thru such a valuable organization under such able leadership. But let's narrow down still further-how about ourselves? How about each one of us going into the experimental line? Conditions of trees and soil are never the same, so that what is true of any other grove may not necessarily be true of yours or mine. The experi:nental station will work out some salient point, but the minute details must be solved for each particular section or grove. Therefore, each grower should carry on certain experiments, so that he may, in the future, know some selflearned facts. This does not mean that every grower should try every material on his grove, but it does mean that he will have to study more about soils and the relation of fertilizer to soil and tree. There are many truths that are accepted, such as the need of suppyling nitrogen and organic matter. But there are a number of points. which are still being argued. For instance, does your grove require phosphoric acid? Potash? Lime? Does it pay to put sulphur in the soil? Do you get better results from placing fertilizer in furrows or broadcasting on the surface and discing in? These and many other questions are still to be settled to the satisfaction of many. Perhaps these questions, some of them at least, could be answered negatively or affirmatively according to whose grove we are talking about. Therefore, the rancher himself is logically the one to find out about his own grove. I feel sure that we can all agree on this last statement-we are the logical ones to investigate our own particular grove. In going about it, we can get advice from authoritative sources. (The best cooks now and then consult a cook book or receipe written by someone else.) Then, try this or that plan or one of your own on your grove, not on the whole grove. Use a plot or section, carefully marked, for each separate experiment. Then apply whatever you are experimenting with, to that plot and see what the difference is next year or in several years between that plot and the rest of the grove. And then, by all means, don't be too hasty in drawing the conclusion. Time is a great factor. Don't figure in months, but rather in years. Keep up courage for a number of years unless your experiment is proving a detriment; then, of course, discontinue. I There's nothing like seeing for oneself. dare say if each one of us would leave a little plot at one end of the grove, which plot we would not fertilize, we would soon be using more fertilizer on the rest of the grove, and no doubt on the plot also. Let me ask any growers who have experimented to write in their results, and those who are just commencing to try out something new, to let us know what they are doing. Many have already cooperated in this respect and their assistance has been valuable to the other growers. Market Conditions Tankage Price steady, supply small, no contracts for delivery further than January 1st. Blood-At this writing worth about $5.75 per unit nitrogen delivered. Price has been pretty steady for the last several months, but not risen recently. Cotton Seed Meal-Same as last month. Price steady in the neighborhood of $38.00 delivered. No orders being accepted for future delivery. Nitrate of Soda-Price strengthened a little during October. Sulphate of Ammonia-Remaining at last month's price. Fish Meal-Supply scarce. Price same as last month. Up to today the feeders of the middle west and south have bought heavily of organic ammoniates. Supply at present slight. Slaughter houses from now on should be working up to capacity and fertilizer demand will commence in another month. Present prices look good. Easy Young Housewife-What makes the milk so blue lately? Milkman-The milk's as good as ever, ma'am, but we just turned the cows into a blue grass pasture.-Clipped. DEEP FALL PLOWING HIGHLY BENEFICIAL Says Tulare County Pathologist. Four Outstanding Results Follow This Practice. By DR. P. A. BONCQUET F you are a citrus grower in the Tulare County citrus belt, you should plow your grove deep this fall. Deep fall plowing bursts up the plowpan, conserves the warmth of the soil, liberates the plant food, conserves the water of the winter rains and destroys a number of fungal and insect pests. Deep Fall Plowing and the Plow Pan No matter how careful your summer tillage has been done, the intense evaporation from the soil during the winter months has brought to the evaporation zone of the tiled soil a great abundance of soil cements. These soil cements have precipitated in the evaporation zone, and the rudiments of a plowpan have been formed. Deep fall plowing, by disintegrating these cements, by breaking up their structure and bringing them up to the surface of the soil, and exposing them to the weathering action of the air and winter rains, soon alters their chemical and physical nature. They become insoluble soil constituents and lose their cementing power. If the plowpan is not broken up regularly by deep plowing, the plowpan grows. Soon it becomes impermeable to water and air; the soil becomes a sick soil. Deep Fall Plowing and the Conservation of Heat During the summer, the energy of the sun is so intense that it travels down into the soil and is stored in the third, fourth foot and even deeper. The conservation of the heat in the soil during the winter months is of the greatest importance. The conservation of the soil heat in the spring is paramount for the normal functioning of the. root action of the citrus trees. A soil plowed deep in the fall, conserves the heat. Plowing a soil deep in the fall results in the formation of a loose soil. The particles of the soil are separated by a great number of air chambers. Air is a very bad conductor of heat, especially when it is imprisoned in non-communicating air-chambers. In my experiments on soil temperatures in a soil plowed deep in the fall and in a soil left compact from the DR. P. A. BONCQUET summer cultivation, I have found in the early spring a difference of fifteen degrees, three feet deep in the soil. The advantages of a warm soil in the spring are many. It helps the root action of the trees; it intensifies nitrification and it liberates the non-available plant food. Deep Fall Plowing and the Liberation of Plant Food All good tillage of the soil tends to the liberation of plant food. Deep fall plowing, however, on account of the fact that it increases this liberating action during the winter, at a time when the other activities of the soil dinimish, is most valuable. Citrus trees need a Calico Brand Cotton Seed Meal Ask the man who uses it! |