and his wife, and a Schoolmaster and assistants. Of course, the location would have an effect on the number and profession of the staff: for example, the scholars in cities or large towns, must find employment chiefly in doors in shoemaking, tailoring, sewing and knitting. If the school is in a small town, or in the country, the boys are employed on the farm, in the garden, in the workshops, and in the fields of neighboring farmers. Of course, attention is paid to education, and a Chaplain, or religious teachers, have a place in all these schools, and the result of their labor in the division of education and religion is given in the Report. The girls in these Reformatories, are employed in work suited to their sexsewing, house-work, bread-making, &c.

In Great Britain and most of its dependencies, as there is an established religion, that is a religion of the State, there is usually a special reference to other creeds in all great movements that include moral and religious training. Hence we notice that these Reformatories are classed with reference to the religion of those placed therein for discipline, and whilst the police and general government are alike in most, the direct administration and religious training are confided to persons of the same creed of the involuntary inmates. We consequently find the following classification of the schools in Scotland and England, including Wales: Six of the English schools and two of the Scotch, receive Roman Catholic offenders only, and these Reformatory schools (or Houses of Refuge) are thus located:

In England, Brook Market, Market Wighton, Mount

St. Bernard, and the Clarence Ship, are for boys. Arnos Court and Sheffield, for girls.

In Scotland, Parkhead, for boys; Dalbeth, for girls. Two of the English schools for boys receive both Catholic and Protestant; the others are for Protestants only. Two more Reformatories are about to be established in Lancashire for Catholic boys.

At the close of 1868 there were in these Reformatories,

and there were 43 Catholic boys in two Protestant Re

formatories.

The report while it regrets an addition to the number of youths committed to these Reformatories, finds a just occasion for felicitation in the fact, that the number of those "placed out" in different employments is largely increased, and the number of absconders is greatly diminished. Children are sent to these Reformatories at an early age, and are liable to these kinds of imprisonment till they are sixteen years old.

We notice that the smallest number of committals are of those under ten years, viz., 17 boys and 2 girls The proportion of girls to boys is less than one-eighth. Between 10 and 12 the commitments are 207 boys, 50 girls-less than one-quarter; between 12 and 14, boys

518, girls 120-less than one-quarter; between 14 and 16, boys 577, girls 149-more than one-quarter.

Of the effect of discipline and reformatory care upon the two sexes, some judgment may be formed by the following statement of the number of boys and girls committed in 1868, and of the number of their previous convictions.

It is worthy of note here that the proportion of girl "Repeaters," or recommitted, increases rapidly with every repetition. This does not seem to be specially noticed by the authors of the reports; but in all such matters their seems to be a cause; "this effect defective comes by cause." Of course, those most frequently committed are the oldest, and after a certain time the "girl" begins to understand that she loses "caste" by her misconduct much more than does the boy, and as she has much less to lose by each commitment, thinks she has much less to hope for, by a change of conduct, she becomes reckless, and by frequent commitment to the reformatory, becomes a successful candidate for the prison.

The number of first commitments have increased nearly one-half. This can scarcely be a consequence of increased crime, but rather, we think, the more extensive and thorough working of the Reformatory System,

while the number of those committed twice before, has decreased by about one-third, and those committed three times and upward have decreased by nearly threequarters. This also we consider as the effect of the operation of the system-fhe just, judicious, and humane administration of the law. Complaint is made that some who had been frequently committed are, in their recommitment, placed with those inmates that have not been so hardened in crime. It would seem that some contrive to escape and avoid arrest.

Less than one per cent die.

Of the number who have been admitted and discharged, that remain to be accounted for, viz, 2,763 boys and 747 girls-one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four (1824) (66.5 per cent.,) and 492 girls (65.9 per cent.,) are reported as known to be doing well; 106 boys (3.9 per cent.,) and 87 girls (11.6 per cent.,) to be of doubtful character; 470 boys (17 per cent.,) and 71 girls (9.5 per cent.,) to have been convicted of crime; and 345 boys (12.5 per cent.,) and 97 girls (13 per cent.,) to be unknown.

It seems that much greater success attends the labors in some schools than in others. For example: In the Reformatory school in Northamptonshire, remarkable both for the efficiency and economy of its management, the ratio of entire success reached 96 per cent. And in the Roman Catholic female Reformatory the percentage is 100 that is not one single girl that has been placed or bound out from that Reformatory, not one failed to realize all the hopes, and fulfill all the promises in her behalf, while in some of the Reformatories the average

is as low as 33 per cent. We find it difficult to judge of the comparative value of discipline and instruction in these Reformatories, so much must depends upon the circumstances of children before they enter, and so much must also depend upon the surroundings of the institution.

We have already stated that the criminal statistics for the year 1868, show an increase in the number of convictions. In 1867 the number of commitments of offenders of all ages for England and Wales, rose 6 per cent.; but in 1868 it advanced more than 9 per cent.; but the increase of juvenile offenders is only 5 per cent. in England and Wales, while in Scotland the increase is more than 10 per cent. This is partly owing to the failure of the House of Refuge in Glasgow. As a general rule we may say that crime is on the increase in Great Britain with the old and young, or the detection and punishment of criminals is more thorough.

These Reformatories are maintained by payments from the national treasury, £77,351, parent's payments, £3,019, subscriptions, legacies, &c., £10,226, contributions from rates, £17,823, voluntary associations, £722, sundries, £2,297, industrial profits, £10,829.

The average total, per head, for English boys' Reformatories, including the loss or gain in the employment of the inmates, was £18 19s. 10d., equal to nearly $95 in gold. The earnings of the boys, considered in that average, was £1 15s. 4d. per head.

The English girls' Reformatories averaged, after deducting earnings, £3 78. 6d. per prisoner-£16 158. per head.