the river, was getting under way and turning with her head Local rules athwart the tide for the purpose of pursuing her voyage up (Thames). river on the flood tide. In The River Derwent (b) it was held Rules 24, 25. by the Court of Appeal, that a vessel which had been proceeding up river on a flood tide, and on the south side of midchannel, and was turning across the river with her anchor dredging for the purpose of getting head to tide did not cease to be a crossing ship so long as she was moving towards the north shore. In the opinion of the majority of the Court (Lindley and Lopes, L.JJ., agreeing with the Nautical Assessors) a vessel becomes "a crossed ship" as soon as she is as far across the river as she can go in safety, even though she is still angling athwart the stream; but Lord Esher, M. R., expressed a contrary opinion on this point. When Rule 24 becomes applicable to a vessel, Rule 25 becomes applicable to vessels approaching her up or down river (c). The decisions in The Orwell, The Ostrich, The Indian Chief, The Aguadillana, Perkins v. Gingell, Goldsmith v. Slattery, The City of Delhi, The Rose of England, The Long Newton, Rolles v. Newell, Elmore v. Hunter, and The Skerryvore are noted above in connection with the rules to which they relate. TRENT. (See HUMBER.) TYNE. The river Tyne bye-laws of 15th November, 1884, are made under the (Tyne). River Tyne Improvement Acts, and the Acts incorporated therewith. (See the Tyne Improvement Acts of 1850, 1852, 1857, 1859, 1861, 1865, and 1877; the Harbours, Docks, and Piers Clauses Act, 1847.) They provide for (5) the mooring of vessels under the harbour-master's orders; anchors not to be let go; (6) dismantling; (7) anchors to be on deck or hung from hawse-pipe; (9) one vessel only to lie at a staith; (10) vessels not to lie between tiers; (11) steamers moored not to move engines. The rule as to steamships' lights (12) is the same as Art. 3 of the Sea Regulations, except as to steamships without foremast, which may carry the masthead light on a staff, as in the Tees Rules (supra, p. 572); (13) steamships towing to carry a second light on the foremast or staff; (14) steamships and sailing ships being towed and steamships under sail to carry side lights only; (15) stern light to be shown to overtaking ship; (16) vessels at anchor, outside vessel of tier, and any other vessel (b) 6 Asp. M. C. 487. (e) See the cases last cited. Local rules (Tyne). so ordered by harbour master, to show riding light; rafts and open boats to show either red and green side lights, or lantern with red and green slide; (18) fog signals, as in the Sea Regulations. As to Navigation. 19. Every vessel under way shall, when proceeding seaward, be kept to the south of mid-channel, and when proceeding inward from sea or up the river, to the north of mid-channel, and so that in either case such vessel shall, with a port helm, always be and be kept clear of any vessel proceeding in the opposite direction. 20. Every steam or other vessel (whether towing any other vessel or not, or being towed) shall, unless prevented by stress of weather, be brought into port to the north of mid-channel, and be taken out of port to the south of mid-channel (d), (e). 21. (Vessel necessarily on wrong side of river not to obstruct other vessels; to cross to right side as soon as possible (e).) 22. (Vessel crossing or turning in the river not to cause obstruction (e).) 23. When steam vessels proceeding in opposite directions are approaching each other they shall be kept on their proper sides, and, if necessary, speed shall be slackened, the vessel going against the tide in all cases giving way to the one going with the tide; and when steam vessels are approaching each other so as to involve risk of collision, their helms shall be put to port, and, if necessary, their engines shall be stopped or reversed. 24. When any steam vessel (except a steam vessel when towing sailing vessels) is approaching any sailing vessel or steam-tug with sailing vessels in tow proceeding in the opposite direction, the speed of such steam vessel shall, if necessary, be slackened when it is within 30 yards of and until it shall have passed the sailing vessel or steam tug and towed vessels. 25. Sea-going steam vessels shall not be navigated in the port above the Low Lighthouse at a greater speed over the ground than six knots or seven statute miles per hour, whether going with or against the tide. 26. (Vessels not to cause risk of collision.) 27. (Steamship unable to keep out of the way of sailing ship to (d) This means that a vessel coming in from sea must not cross the entrance close to the pier heads. The Harvest, 11 P. D. 14. (e) These rules do not make a crossing vessel responsible, whatever the circumstances may be, if she comes in contact with another vessel which is on the side of the river prescribed for her navigation. A vessel may legitimately cross the river whenever it is reasonably safe to do so, and it is the duty of other vessels proceeding up or down the river to use the ordinary precautions for avoiding collision with her. The Thetford, 6 Asp. M. C. 179. sound four blasts of two seconds' duration; then sailing ship to keep out of way.) 28. Every sailing or steam vessel overtaking any other vessel shall be kept out of the way of the overtaken vessel, which shall be kept on her course, and no obstruction shall be wilfully caused by the overtaken vessel to the passage of the overtaking vessel; and any vessel having passed another shall not cross the bows of the passed vessel until at such a distance as will not necessitate the stopping or easing of the passed vessel to avoid collision. 30. (Scope of tow-line, except to eastward of Low Lighthouse, North Shields, not to exceed twenty fathoms.) 31. (Not more than one vessel exceeding 200 tons to be towed by same tug.) 32. (Length of train of vessels in tow not to exceed 450 feet from stern of tug; vessels not to be towed abreast; rafts not to exceed 250 feet by 40 feet.) 33. (Not more than six keels, wherries, or boats to be towed at once.) 34. (Two tugs towing same vessel not to be more than 100 feet apart, or, if towing abreast, more than 40 feet.) 35. (Vessels not to drift; off dock entrances vessels waiting admission to keep out of fairway.) 37. (Vessels to have anchor ready to let go.) 39. Every vessel under way when overtaken by a fog shall be navigated at a very moderate speed, and shall, as soon as practicable, be moored or anchored out of the navigable channel. Vessels shall not, without the permission of the harbour-master, be got under way during a fog. 40. (Engines to go dead slow 100 yards before reaching, and fifty yards after passing, diving and other craft of the Commissioners.) 41. (And within 100 yards of wreck-removing craft.) 42. (A red flag or red light to be shown on dredgers on side where chains are taut. Vessels to pass on other side.) 43. (Also where no passage between dredyer and shore.) 44. (Vessels not to moor at Commissioners' white buoys.) 47. (Tug to attend vessel in tow till moored.) 48. (Engines not to move within fifty yards of boat coming alongside.) Local rules (Tyne). Waterford. WATERFORD. See London Gazette for 1886, Vol. II., p. 5447, for Bye-laws of 10th November, 1886. A notice dated 16th November, 1886, issued by the Commissioners, states that there are no local rules regulating the passing or overtaking of one vessel by another in the port and harbour of Waterford. The bye-laws apply to the river Suir from Granagh Castle to the Hook Lighthouse, including all the space between the junction of the Ross River with the river Suir and the Hook Lighthouse, and from Bilberry Rock to Swing Head, in the County of Waterford, including St. Katherine's, commonly called St. John's Pill. They are substantially identical with the bye-laws in force in the river Suir above Granagh Castle. The substance of the last-mentioned bye-laws is set out above (ƒ). (f) Supra, p. 572. INDEX. ABANDONMENT, liability of owners after, 96. of the other ship after collision, 60, 65. by crew, of ship injured in collision, 114, 115. owners not bound to raise ship sunk in collision, 116. ABROAD, Collision, 95, 210, 214. ACCIDENT. See Inevitable Accident. ACTION, in rem, 79. in personam, cannot be tacked to action in rem, 317. against pilot, 66, 316. successive actions by sufferers in collision, 106. against owners resident abroad, 211. stay of, where action pending elsewhere, 223. where both ships are foreign, 209. in rem, where judgment in personam unsatisfied, 317. in rem, where damage but no collision, 85. in rem, does not lie under Lord Campbell's Act, 122, 144. for limitation of liability, 320. consecutive collisions, 174. separate actions for damage to property and person, 316. |