Academy, military, 338; naval, 341.
Adams, John, Vice-President, 314; Presi-
dent, 319.

Adams, John Quincy, President, 320.
Agriculture, department of, 348.
Alabama, secession of, 242; reconstruction
of, 245; admission of, 299.

Alaska, 313.

Alloy of gold and silver coins, 102.
Ambassadors, etc., 324.
Amendments to the Constitution, clause
regarding, 247; nineteen proposed,
fifteen ratified, 248, 263; three limita-
tions, 249; difficulties in the way of,
250; approval of President not nec-
essary, 250; publication of, 252; can
a State withdraw her ratification of,
252; dates of, 254; first, 264; second,
third, 265; fourth, fifth, sixth, 266;
seventh, eighth, 267; eleventh,
twelfth, thirteenth, 271; fourteenth,
273; fifteenth, 280.

Amnesty, action of Congress as to, 178;
proclamations of, 278.

Annapolis, Convention of 1786, 40; recom-
mended a convention to revise Arti-
cles of Confederation, 41.
Appellate jurisdiction of U. S. Courts, 206,
207; two views of. 208.
Appointments, by the President, 179,

187;

power of Congress over, 179; by
heads of departments, 179.
Apportionment of Representatives, 50–55.
Appropriations, 152.

Area of the United States, 313.
Arizona Territory, 306, 313.
Arkansas, secession of, 212; action of, 244;
reconstruction of, 245; admission
of, 301.

Armies, power of Congress as to, 128.
Army regular, 129; list of officers in, 131;

rules for the government of, 131, 132;
pay of officers, 338.

Articles of Confederation, adopted by Con-
gress 1777, ratified by the States

March 1, 1781, 36; failure of, 36-39;
provisions as to States, 154-159;
amendment of, 248, 259; Appendix, v.
Assessor of Internal Revenue, 334.
Attorney-General, duties of, 199; office of
established, 352; salary of, 353; list
of, 353; assistants, 353, 355.
Auditors of the treasury, 330, 331.

B

Bank currency, 108-110.

Bankrupt, allowance to, 98; discharge of,
98; influence of creditors, 98; moral
obligations of, 99.
Bankruptcies, 91; limited to traders orig-
inally, 96; power formerly in the
States, 97; three acts passed, 97;
voluntary and involuntary, 97.
Bill of attainder, 149; case ex parte Gar-
land, 150; forbidden to States, 154.
Bill of rights, not in original constitution,
264; in first eight amendments, 264;
the constitution a, 268.

Bills, how passed in Congress, 77.
Bills of credit, treasury notes, 106; States

can not emit, 154; defined, 156; emit-
ted by Congress, 157.

Blount, Wm., expelled, 70; impeached, 192.
Bonds of U. S., 86; not taxable, 87.

Breckenridge, J. C., Vice-President, 315.
Bright, Jesse D., expelled from Senate, 70.
British Parliament, cabinet officers mém-
bers of, 76; power of, 210; miay
amend constitution, 249.
Buchanan, James, President, 321.
Bureaus, in the departments, 322; names
of in Treasury Department, 329.
Burr, Aaron, tried for treason, 222; Vice-
President, 315.

C

Cabinet Officers, 321; salaries of, 322, 359.
Cadet-midshipmen and engineers, 342.
Calhoun, John C., Vice-President, 315.
California, admission of, 306.
Capitation tax, clause as to, 150.
Carriers, for free delivery of letters, 117.
Census, 50; Superintendent of, 348.
Cession of territory by various States, 233.
Chargé d'Affaires, 326.

Charter governments (colonial), 25-27. -
Chase, Samuel, impeached, 193, 194.
Circuit Courts established, 196.
Citizens, defined, 91, 226, 227, 273; Judge
Taney in Dred Scott case, 228; not
necessarily voters, 276; right to vote,
280; free negroes citizens, in 1781, 228.
Citizenship, privileges of, 226, 227.
Civil Rights Bill, 227, 274.

Civil Service Reform, 187.

Clerk of House of Representatives, 55, 56.
Clerks, in departments, 355.

Clinton, George, Vice-President, 315.
Coast survey, 331; superintendents, 335.
Coinage, 100; an attribute of sovereignty,
100; international, 110.

Coining of money forbidden to States, 154.
Coins, 101; of 1873, 103; foreign, 105.
Colfax, Schuyler, Vice-President, 315.
Collector, of Internal Revenue, 334; of
Customs, 335.

Colonies, the thirteen, 24; three forms of
government of, 25; colonial Union
of 1643, 27; meeting at Albany, 27;
at New York, 1765, 28.
Colorado Territory, 306; bill to admit as a
State, vetoed, 312.

Commerce, power of Congress to regulate,
88; formerly in the States, 88.
Commissioner, term not now applied to

diplomatic representatives, 326; of
Customs, 332; of Internal Revenue,
333, 334; of Patents, 121, 345; of Pen-
sions, 345; of Land Office, 346; of In-
dian Affairs, 348.

Committees of Congress, 317.
Committee of the Whole, 318.
Compensation of Congressmen, 72; none
in British Parliament, 72; various
rates in Congress, 73, 359.
Comptroller of the Currency, 333.
Comptroller of the Treasury, 330.
Confederation, see Articles of.
Congress, of two Houses, 48; new one ev-
ery two years, 61; annual sessions,
67; instances of three sessions, 68,
189; each House the judge as to its
own members, 69; a majority a quo-
rum, 69; members privileged from
arrest, 72; members can hold no
other office, 75; powers of, 80; or-
ganization of the first, 292.
Connecticut, no constitution but its colo-
nial charter till 1818, 26; ratification
(viy)

regard to, 94.

Expenditures must be published, 152.
Exports, value of, for 1872, 91; duties on,
forbidden, 151, 159.

Contempt, power of Congress to punish, 70.
Continental Congress, First, 30; Second,
31; action of, as to the Constitution,
286, 291.
Contracts, States can not pass laws im-
pairing obligation of, 154; United
States as to, 158; include grants,
case of Dartmouth College, 158.
Convention of 1787, 41, 259, 260, 283; resolu-
tions of, 284; secret proceedings, 287.
Copyrights, Congress
Congress may issue, 119;

formerly issued by the States, 120;
term of, 120; mode of obtaining,
120; international, 121.

Corruption of blood in treason, 222; mis-
interpreted, 223, 224.

Counterfeiting, 112; laws in force, 113.
Court of claims, 198.

Courts of Gt. Britain, sphere of, 209.
Courts of U. S., three classes of, 196, 198;

officers of, 199; not open to citizens
of Dist. of Columbia and the Territo-
ries, 205; powers, 210.
Currency, Bureau of, 333.

Customs, Commissioner of, 332; Collector
of, other officers, 335.

D

Dakota Territory, 312.

Dallas, George M., Vice-President, 315.
Debt, public, of U. S., 87; validity of, 279.
Declaration of Independence, App., i.
Delaware, ratification of the Constitu-
tion, 288; first Constitution, 362.
Delegated powers, 268-270.
Democracy defined, 18.

Departments, three, 48; Legislative, 48-

161, 314; Executive, 161-195, 319; Ju-
dicial, 195-225, 356.

Designs, patents for, 123.

Direct taxes, 82; laid by U.S. but five times,
82; act of 1861, 83; clause as to, 150.
Director of the Mint, 334.
Disabilities, removal of, 278.
District Courts established, 196.
District of Columbia, clause regarding,

135; history of, 135, 136; Congress
has power over, 136, 137; slavery in,
abolished 1862, 138; territorial gov-
ernment in, 139.
Dollar, Spanish milled, 101; weight in 1792,
in 1853, 101; trade-dollar, 104.
Duties, power of Congress to lay, 81; act

of 1789, 83; for protection of manu-
factures, 83; must be uniform, 81;
on exports forbidden, 151; forbidden
to the States, 159.

E

Education, office of, 348; Commissioner
of, 348.

Elections for Congressmen, 66.
Electors of President and Vice-President,
164, 171.

Eleventh Amendment, 271.
Emancipation, proclamations of, 145, 146.
Embargo act of 1807, 90.

Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers
Plenipotentiary, 325.

Excises, power of Congress to lay, 81;
meaning of, 84; act of 1791, 84.
Executive Council in certain States, 367.
Executive Department, 161-195; 319.

Ex post facto law forbidden, 149; case ex
parte Garland, 150; forbidden to
States, 154.

Expulsion, 70; cases in Senate, 70.
Extradition, 230.

F

Faith and credit to be given to the public
acts, 225; mode of doing it, 226.
Fifteenth Amendment, 280, 281.
Fillmore, Millard, Vice-President, 315;
President, 315, 321.

Fines, excessive, forbidden, 267.
Florida, purchase of, 234; secession of,
242; reconstruction of, 245; admit-
ted into the Union, 302.
Fourteenth Amendment, 273, 274.
Franking privilege, 117; abolished, 118.
Freedom of speech and press, 264, 265.
Fugitives from justice given up, 229; Jaw
of 1793, 230; from another nation,
230.
Fugitives from labor to be given up, 231 ;
laws of 1793 and 1850 repealed, 231.

G

Gallatin, Albert, as Senator, 62.
General, office of, 129; pay of, 338.
Georgia, but one legislative House in 1787,
48; secession of, 242; reconstruction
of, 245; ratification of the Constitu-
tion by, 288; first constitution, 362.
Gerry, Elbridge, Vice-President, 315.
Gold, used for money, 100; reduction of
coins in 1834, 101 ; a legal tender, 102;
ratio to silver, 102; the only stand-
ard in England, 103; coinage of 1873,
103.

Government, civil, 9; object of, 10; not
merely repressive, 11; not a neces-
sary evil, 11; forms of, 18.
Government of United States, 20-22.
Governor, term of office, 367.
Grand jury, 215, 266.

Grant, Ulysses S., President, 321.
Great Britain, Government of, 18, 19; im-
peachment in, 64, 65; cabinet officers
in Parliament, 76; legislative sphere
in, 210.

Guaranty of republican form of govern-
ment to the States, 239-247.

H

Habeas Corpus, the writ of, 146-149.
Hamlin, Hannibal, Vice-President, 315.
Harrison, William H., President, 320.
Heads of departments, 175, 179.
Home Department, 344.
Humphries, West H., impeached, 193, 194.

I

Idaho Territory, 312.
Illinois, admission of, 299; constitution
of 1870, provisions of, 362-267.
Impeachment, power of, in House of
Representatives, 55; method of, 56;
power of trial in Senate, 64; if Presi-
dent is tried, Chief Justice presides,
64; six cases, 65; punishment for,
65; officers liable to, 191; cases of,
192, 193; two convictions for, 194.
Implied powers of Congress, 139; views of
Madison, Hamilton, Marshall. Story,
140, 141; reasons for, 142, 143; in-
stances of, 143, 144.

Imports, value of, for 1872, 91.
Imposts, power of Congress to lay, 81.

Income tax, first levied in 1861, 85.
Independence, resolution for and declara-
tion of, 34; Declaration of, App., i.
Indian Affairs, Commissioner of, 348.
Indian country, 313.

Indiana, admission of, 293.

Indians, in the United States, 91.
Indictment, 215, 216; or presentment nec-
essary for trial, 215, 266.

Indirect taxation, 82.
Inspection laws, 159.

Interior, Department of, 341-349; salary
of Secretary of, 344, 359.

Internal Revenue, system begun in 1791,
84; act of 1862, 86; Bureau of, 333;
amount of, in 1866, 333.
Invasion, protection from, 239.
Iowa, admission of, 304.

J

Jackson, Andrew, President, 320.
Jefferson, Thomas, Vice-Président, 314;
President, 320.

Johnson, Andrew, impeached, 193, 195;
Vice-President, 315; President, 321.
Johnson, Rich'd M., Vice-President, 315.
Journal of proceedings, 71.
Judge-Advocate General, 338.
Judges, term of office, 195, 197; compen-

sation of, 195, 199; two classes of,
196; in 1869, three classes, 197; resig-
nation of, 199; in different States, 368.
Judicial circuits, 358.

Judicial power, where vested, 195; its ex-

tent, 200.

214.

Judiciary, act of 1789, 196, 199, 204, 211,
Jurisdiction, 206, 207; two views, 208.
Jury, grand and petit, 215.
Jury trial, 213, 219; in criminal prosecu-
tions, 266; in other cases, 257.
Justice, Department of, 352-356; salaries
of officers of, 355, 359.

Madison, James, President, 320.
Magna Charta, quoted, 213.

Maine, admission of, 299.

Male citizens, right of, to vote, 276.
Marque, letters of, 126; signification of,
127; forbidden to States, 154.
Maryland, ratification of the Constitution
by, 288; first Constitution, 362.
Massachusetts, ratification of the Con-
stitution by, 288; first Constitution
of, 362.

Michigan, admission of, 302.
Military, Academy at West Point, 338; Jus-
tice, Bureau of, 337.

Militia, Congress may call forth, etc.;
laws, 133; called out three times, 134 ;
number in war of the rebellion, 135
necessary, 265.

Ministers Plenipotentiary, salaries of, 325.
Ministers Resident, 325; salaries of, 326.
Minnesota, admitted, 307.

Minority representation in Illinois, 363.
Mint, established, 100; branches, 100; a
bureau, 334.

Mississippi, secession of, 242; reconstruc-
tion of, 245; admission of, 299.
Missouri in 1861, 243; admission of, 300.
Missouri Compromise, 301, 303, 308, 309.
Monarchy, 18.

Money, Congress has power to borrow, 86,
87; has power to coin and regulate,
100.

Mouroe, James, President, 320.
Moutana Territory, 312.

Nation, The, 16.

N

National Banks, established in 1863, 109;
amount of circulation, 110; advan-
tages of, 110; number of, 333.
Naturalization, power in Congress, 91;
under Confederation, States had the
power of, 92; laws of, 92; present
inode, 93; case of soldiers, 93; re-
stricted, 94; suffrage without, 94; in
districts, 95; law of 1870, 96.
Naval stations, 340.

Navy, Congress has power to provide a,
130; number of ships and men in 1871,
130; officers in, 131; government of,
131, 132; department of, 339-344; sal-
ary of secretary, 340, 359.

Navy Yards, 340.

Nebraska, admission of, 311.
Nevada, admission of, 311.

New Hampshire, ratification of the Con-
stitution by, 289; temporary govern-
ment in 1776, 361.

New Jersey, ratification of the Constitu-
tion by, 288: temporary government
in 1776, 361.

New Mexico Territory, 306, 313.
New States, 232; no general provision for
admitting in Articles of Confedera-
tion, 232; twenty-four admitted, 232;
mode of admitting, 238.

New York, ratification of the Constitu-
tion by, 290; first Constitution, 362.
Nobility, no title of, shall be granted, 153.
North Carolina, secession of, 242; recon-
struction of, 245; ratification of the
Constitution by, 290; ceded her ter-
ritory, 296; first Constitution, 362.
North-west Territory, 297; divided, 297.
Ordinance for, Appendix, xiii.
Nullification of South Carolina, 256.

Pardons, power to grant. in the President
175; before conviction, 177.
Patent Office, established, 121; receipts
of, 124; reports, 124; a bureau in the
Department of the Interior, 345.
Patents, power over in Congress, 119; his-
tory of, 121; Commissioner of, 121;
for term of seventeen years, 122;
formerly by the States, 122; mode of
obtaining, 123.

Pay of Army officers, 338; of privates, 339;
of Navy officers, 342; of seamen, 344,

Peck, James H., impeached, 193, 194.
Pennsylvania, its legislature in 1787, 48;
ratification of the Constitution by,
288; first Constitution, 362.
Pension Office, 345.

People, right of to assemble, 264, 265; the
source of power, 270, 370.
Pickering, John, impeached, 193, 194.
Pierce, Franklin, President, 321.
Piracy, clause concerning, 125.
Political powers, 210, 235.

Polk, Janies K., President, 321.
Postage, 115; letter, 116.

Postal, cards, 116; money-order system,
117; telegraph, 119.

Postmasters, 115.

Postmasters-General, salary of, 350, 359;
list of, 351; Assistants, 351.
Post-office, Congress power to establish,
114; number of in 1790, and 1872, 114;
Department established, 349.
Postroads, Congress power establish, 114;
internal improvements, 118.
Pound Sterling, value of, 105.
Powers not delegated. 268; none delegated
by the States, 270.

Presentment, 215, 216, 266.
Presents from foreign powers, 153; pro-
posed amendment, 153, 282.
President of United States has veto
power, 77; term of office, 161; seven
re-elections, 163; mode of electing,
164-171; amendment in regard to
electing, 166; chosen by House of
Representatives twice, 168, 169;
qualifications of, 171: case of re-
moval of, 172-174; compensation of,
174; oath of office, 175; commander-
in-chief of the army and navy, 175;
power to reprieve or pardon, 175;
power as to treaties, 179; power as
to appointments, 179; power to fill
vacancies in recess of Senate, 187;
annual message, 188, 189; may call
special sessions, 188; may adjourn
Congress, 188; shall receive ambas-
sadors, 188; shall see that laws are
executed, 188; list of, 319.

President pro tempore of Senate, 63; com-
pensation of, 73.

Press, freedom of, 264, 265.
Proprietary governments, 25, 27.
Provincial, or royal governments, 25, 27.
Public Debt, of U. S., amount of, 87; va-

lidity of, 279; incurred in aid of re-
bellion declared void, 279.
Punishments, cruel and unusual, 267.

Q

Quorum, a majority, in Congress, 69; in
Illinois, 363.

Ꭱ

Ratification, of an Amendment to the
Constitution, can a State withdraw
her, 252; by disloyal States, 253; of
the Constitution, by conventions,
259, 260; case of Rhode Island and
North Carolina, 261.
Rebellion, disabilities from, 277.
Reconstruction of States, 242-245; West
Virginia and Missouri, 243.
Register of the Treasury, duties of, 332.
Registration of letters, 116.
Religion, law respecting, 264; free exer-
cise of, guarantied, 261.
Religious test for office prohibited, 257 ;
action of South Carolina, 259.
Removal from office, 183-187.
Reporters of the Supreme Court, 200.
Representation, 50-55; basis of, 53; ratios
the successive decades, 54.

Representatives, term of office, 48; how
chosen, 48; qualifications, 49; ap-
portioned among the States, 50;
number in First Congress, 50; num.
bers in successive decades, 54; va-
cancies, how filled, 55; choose their
speaker, 55; have power to impeach,
55; number of, reduced if the right
to vote be denied, 275; number of,
281; compensation of, 282, 359; in
State legislatures, 368.

Reprieves, power to grant, 175-177.
Reprisal, letters of marque and, 126; sig-
fication of, 127; forbidden to States,

154.

Republic defined, 18.

Republican form of government guaran-
tied to the States, 239; defined, 240.
Retired officers, of the army, pay of, 338;
of the navy, 343.

Revenue, bills originate in House of Rep-
resentatives, 76; Commissioner of
Internal, 85.

Rhode Island, no constitution till 1842,
26; the Dorr rebellion, 240; ratifi-
cation of the Constitution by, 291;
first constitution, 362.

Rights, enumeration of, 268; difference
between political and civil, 276.
Rules of proceedings, 70.

S

Science, clause for promoting, 119.
Searches and seizures, 266,
Secession, of eleven States, 242; doctrine
of, discussed, 245.
Secretaries of State, list of, 323; six be-
came Presidents, 324.
Secretaries of the Interior, list of, 345.
Secretaries of the Navy, list of, 339.
Secretaries of the Treasury, list of 328.
Secretaries of War, list of, 336.
Secretary of Legation, 326.
Senate, how composed, 56; differences in
Seignorage, 104.
convention as to, 57: a permanent
body, 60; vacancies, how filled, 61;
Vice-President the President of, 62 ;
President pro tempore, 63; power to
try impeachments, 64.

Senators, how elected, 59; divided into
three classes, 59; doctrine of "in-
struction," 61; qualifications, 62;
in State legislatures, 368.
Sessions of Congress, annual, 67; eleven
instances of three, by same Con-
gress, 68.
Signal office, 337.
Silver, reduction of, in coins, in 1853,
101; legal tender for small sums
since 1853, 102; ratio to gold, 102 ;
coins of 1873, 103; trade-dollar, 104.
Slavery, abolished in U. S., 146,271; word
first used, 271; proposed amendment
to perpetuate, 282.

Slaves, importation of, clause regarding,
144; prohibited in 1808, 145; sum-
mary as to slavery and the slave-
trade, 145; payments for emanci-
pation of, forbidden, 279.
"Social Compact," meaning of, 12; not
the source of civil authority, 13; the
fallacy of the theory, 13.

Society, the natural state of man, 12; its
authority, 13; of divine origin, H.
Soldiers not to be quartered in houses
without consent, 265.

Solicitor General, 354.

South Carolina, secession of, 242; recon-
struction of, 245; ratification of the
constitution by, 288; temporary gov-
ernment in 1776, 361.