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Church of England

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 147. Higginson's U. S. 197-200, 202-3. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 12. Palfrey's N. Eng. IV. 373, 375, 456, 473, 585, 591. Lodge's Colonies. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. chap. IX. Cent. Magazine, XXXIII. 901, XXXVI. 107.

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Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 152. Higginson's U. S. 201.

Bancroft's U. S. II.

390-402. Johnston's U. S. 161, 190. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 16.

d. Bond servants and slaves.

Johnston's U. S. 191. Eggleston's Household U. S. 104-8. Doyle's Eng. Col. I. 359, 382; III. 391 +, and former references. Lodge's Colonies.

Condition.

Distribution.

Was slavery increasing in any of the colonies?

Was it decreasing in any?

e. Population.

II. 390-I.

Why?

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 146. Johnston's U. S. 133-6, 187. Bancroft's U. S. Morris's Half Hours, I. 381 +. Higginson's U. S. 225-6. Fiske's War of Independence, 7-9, 11. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 12-15. Lodge's Colonies.

Distribution.

Cities.

Character of colonists in the different colonies.

Nationalities in the different colonies.

f.

Causes of immigration into the different colonies at different periods.

Industries and wealth.

Homes and home life.

Doyle's Eng. Col. chap. XIII. Cent. Magazine, XXVII. 431 +, XXIX. 873 +, XXX. 387+. Winsor's Hist. of Amer. III. 448; V. 119, 149. Hildreth's U. S. II. 201, 329, 352. Bancroft's U. S. II. 239. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 147, 149-51. Johnston's U. S. 134, 161, 189. Lodge's Colonies. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 331. Eggleston's Household U. S. 91-8, 99-103, 108-13, 151-2. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 17-8, 21.

g. Differences between the northern colonies and the southern. (To be made out from the student's general knowledge.)

XXXIII. Trade difficulties between England and the colonies. a. The Navigation Acts.

How had they been enforced?

See summary of the Navigation Acts, p. 49.

Palfrey's N. Eng. IV. 179-82. Doyle's Eng. Col. III. 323-5. Eggleston's Household U. S. 151-2. Johnston's U. S. 71, 135, 163-4.

b. Later difficulties about trade and manufacturing.

What was England's policy towards colonial commerce and manufactures?

Hildreth's U. S. II. 329, 351, 356, 374, 430-1. Bancroft's U. S. II. 356, 368, 374.
Washington and His Country, 130+. Doyle's Eng. Col. II. 195.
War of Independence, 41-4, 49-50. Palfrey's N. Eng. II. 444.

Fiske's

c. Why did England wish to increase the taxes collected from the colonies after the French and Indian War?

Johnston's U. S. 164, 166. Morris's Half Hours, I. 415. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 155. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 33-38.

d. The Stamp Act.

How did the colonies resist it?

Johnston's U. S. 167-8. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 156. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 338. Hildreth's U. S. II. 524, 527-32, 535. Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 21-38. Bancroft's U. S. III. 104-5, 134-8. Morris's Half Hours, I. 407+. Washington and His Country, 130-4. Fiske's War of Independence, 52-7. Johnston's U. S. Hist, and Const. 39-41. See page 51.

e. The Stamp Act Congress.

Johnston's U. S. 169-71. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 341-2. Hildreth's U. S. II. 529. Bancroft's U. S. III. 149-50, 154-5, 159, 208. Fiske's War of Independence, 55-6. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 42. Andrew's Manual of Const. 28-9. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 157-8.

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Johnston's U. S. 172. Hildreth's U. S. II. 539, 541, 544. Bancroft's U. S. III. 107-8, 251, 256. Washington and His Country, 134+. Fiske's War of Independence, 62, 65-7. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 43. See p. 52.

How were these taxes collected?

1. Writs of assistance.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 332. Hildreth's U. S. II. 499. Bancroft's U. S. II. 546-7. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 34-5. Fiske's War of Independence, 44-7, 74.

2. Mutiny Act.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 351. Hildreth's U. S. II. 525. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 45-6.

3. Colonial methods of resistance.

Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 34. Johnston's U. S. 173. Hildreth's U. S. II. 532, 551, 558-9.

g. The Tea Tax.

1. Why was it levied?

2. What became of the tea?

Johnston's U. S. 177. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 159. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 366, 370-4. Hildreth's U. S. II. 556; III. 25-31. Bancroft's U. S. III. 381-2, 443-57. Morris's Half Hours, I. 431. Washington and His Country, 136. Fiske's War of Independence, 76, 80-82. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 48. Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 54-66. See p. 52.

NOTE.-The Colonies were not entirely without tea long. A large amount was obtained from the Dutch, and, of course, smuggled into the country.

The reason for the repeal of the Stamp Act, and, later, of the Commercial Taxes, is obvious.

The income from the sale of stamps was about £1500, chiefly in Canada and the West Indies; the expenses connected with the sale of the stamps was above £12,000.

The net proceeds from the Commercial Taxes the first year was only about £295 net, while military expenses in America for the same time were increased £170,000.

The last year before the repeal of the Tea Tax the income from the duties on teas, wines, etc., in the colonies amounted to only about £85, while the expenses connected with the system of collecting duties amounted to 100,000 or more, and the East India Company lost the sale of £2,500,000 value annually.

Bancroft's U. S. III. 423.

h. The Quartering Acts.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 355, 357. Hildreth's U. S. II. 547, 550; III. 33. Bancroft's U. S. III. 309, 312-13, 370-5, 378, 481. Fiske's War of Independence, 72-3.

What were the people of the towns where soldiers were quartered expected to furnish the soldiers?

i. The Boston massacre.

Moore's From Colony to Commonwealth, 44, 54. Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 359. Hildreth's U. S. II. 554. Bancroft's U. S. III. 370-8. Fiske's War of Independence, 74. Johnston's U. S. 174.

j. Hancock's brig Liberty.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 357. Hildreth's U. S. II. 544. Johnston's U. S. 174.

k. The burning of the Gaspeè.

Johnston's U. S. 174. Morris's Half Hours, I. 433+. Hildreth's U. S. II. 561. Bancroft's U. S. III. 414.

7. How did England avenge the Boston Tea Party?

1. The Boston Port Bill.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 374. Johnston's U. S. 178. Hildreth's U. S. III. 32-3. Bancroft's U. S. III. 471. Morris's Half Hours, I. 431-2. Fiske's War of Independence, 83.

2. The Massachusetts Government Act.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 375. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 160.

Hildreth's

U. S. III. 33. Bancroft's U. S. III. 477. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 49-50.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 375. Hildreth's U. S. III. 33. Bancroft's U. S. III. 480.

4. The Quebec Bill.

Bryant's Popular Hist. III. 375. Hildreth's U. S. III. 33. Bancroft's U. S. III. 481.

5. Renewal of the Quartering Acts.

1651 and 1660. The Navigation Act was adopted by Parliament in 1651 to injure the commerce of the Dutch, who were rivals of the English in the carrying trade. Parliament, during the Commonwealth, favored, as far as possible, the New England colonies; and, by tacit understanding, the Navigation Act was not enforced in their ports between 1651 and 1660. At the time of the Restoration the Navigation Act was re-enacted, and the income derived from its enforcement was given to the king. From that time continuous efforts were made to enforce it in the colonies, and smuggling increased in proportion.

1651, 1660, 1663. THE NAVIGATION ACT forbade export to any port, except of England, of the "Enumerated Articles," and forbade imports except in English ships manned by English sailors. Other exports than of the "Enumerated Articles could be shipped to ports south of Cape Finisterre, but merchants were obliged to sail in bond to twice the value of the ship and cargo, and by this device were compelled to return by way of England, and there pay the export tax on their return cargo.

1651, 1660, 1663. Enumerated Articles :

Sugar.

Tobacco.

Ginger.

Indigo.

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