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THE UNITED STATES.

1862. A United States legation was established at Pekin. 1861-67. Anson Burlingame was United States minister to China. 1867. China appointed Burlingame her special ambassador to the treaty powers of the world.

1868. By the Treaty of Washington, sometimes referred to as the Burlingame Treaty, from the name of the man who negotiated it, China first officially accepted the principles of international law. Ex-territorial clauses were included in all treaties.

1879. The first bill limiting Chinese immigration was passed; it was vetoed by President Hayes, on the ground that it violated existing treaties.

A commission was then appointed which went to Pekin and negotiated a treaty, giving the United States the power to limit, suspend, or regulate, but not to prohibit, the immigration of Chinese laborers.

Students, teachers, merchants, travellers for curiosity, were still to be admitted freely.

The right of laborers and servants already here to come and go at pleasure was provided for and all privileges of "most favored nations were reserved.

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1881. This treaty was ratified by the Senate.

1882. An act providing for its execution was passed.

1888. A treaty was negotiated prohibiting for twenty years the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, but providing for the return under certain conditions of any laborer who had wife, child, parent, or property to the value of $1000, in the United States.

c. The election of 1880.

Johnston's U. S. 906. Johnston's Politics, 244-6. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 263. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 345.

Parties.

Issue.

Candidates.

The result.

XXX. Garfield's administration.

Johnston's U. S. 908. Bolton's Famous Amer. Statesmen, 361 +.

a. Previous life and public services.

Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 168 +, 299 +, 431 +.

b. The assassination of the President.

Johnston's U. S. 909-10. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 377. Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 299, 431.

c. Civil Service Reform.

Macy's Our Govt. 134-8. Johnston's U. S. 920. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 377. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 264. Andrews' Manual of Const. 174-6. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 644-51. Fiske's Civil Govt. 262-4.

1. Condition of the Civil Service.

2. The new system.

d. The tariff of 1883.

Johnston's U. S. 918. Taussig's Hist. of the Present Tariff.

Why had the war tariff remained so long unchanged?

e. The reduction of letter postage.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 378.

f. East River suspension bridge.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 378.

g. Floods.

Johnston's U. S. 915.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 378.

h. New Orleans Centennial Cotton Exposition.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 379–80. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 254-5, 381.

i. The Mormon question.

1. The origin of the Mormons.

Johnston's U. S. 507, 608. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 277-9. Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 449, 712.

2. Locations before they went to Utah.

3. Their peculiar beliefs and their organization. Cent. Magazine, XXIII. 712.

4. The bill for the suppression of polygamy, in 1862.

5. The bill of 1882.

Johnston's U. S. 919.

j. Foreign affairs.

Canals: the Panama.

Johnston's U. S. 921.

The Nicaragua.

Johnston's U. S. 921. Also magazines and current material.

k. The Yorktown celebration.

Johnston's U. S. 914.

7. The prosperity of the country.

Johnston's U. S. 912-3, 931-43.

m. The election of 1884.

Johnston's U. S. 924. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 375.

Parties.

Issue.

Candidates.

The result.

XXXI. Cleveland's administration.

a. Public position previous to his election.

b. Labor troubles.

Johnston's U. S. 925.

1. The Knights of Labor.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 384. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 270-1.

2. The year of strikes.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 385.

NOTE. There are many books easily to be obtained, on Trades-Unions, Co-operation, etc.

c. The Charleston earthquake.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 386.

d. The statue of Liberty.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 387.

e. Laws.

1. About the Presidential succession.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388. Andrews' Manual of Const. 162-3. Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 412.

2. About the counting of the electoral votes.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388. Andrews' Manual of Const. 159. Stanwood's Pres. Elections. 415.

3. The Interstate Commerce Act.

Macy's Our Govt. 176, 203. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388. Johnston's U. S. Hist. and Const. 267.

Vol. II., No. 3, Publications of the American Economic Association. Railway Tariffs and the Interstate Commerce Law. A monograph reprinted from the "Political Science Quarterly."

4. The Chinese Exclusion Act.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 388.

5. Establishing a Department of Agriculture.

Andrews' Manual of Const. 320-1.

f. The election of 1888.

Stanwood's Pres. Elections, 421.

Parties.

Issue.

Candidates.

The result.

XXXII. Harrison's administration.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 355, note 3.

a. Previous life and public services.

b. The Cabinet.

NOTE. The existing Cabinet at the time of the lesson should always be looked up by the class and put into the note-books. Some time may very profitably be given, during the session of Congress, to the most important measures before that body; and the attention of the class ought always to be called to important events of international interest as they are discussed in the daily papers.

c. The opening of Oklahoma.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 390.

From whom was the land obtained?

d. The Washington Centennial.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 391.

e. The Johnstown disaster.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 391.

f. The admission of new states. Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 392.

NOTE. Wyoming and Idaho have been admitted since.

g. The policy of increasing the navy and strengthening the coast defences adopted.

Montgomery's Amer. Hist. 392. See also such books as McPherson's Handbook of Politics.

(On the decay of the carrying trade, see Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. II. 612-4.)

h. The adoption of Ballot Laws.

Macy's Our Govt. 86-7. Cent. Magazine, XXXVII. 312; XXXVIII. 793: XXXIX. 472, 633. Fiske's Civil Govt. 255, 266, 342, 347.

The progress of the reform.

(For a full explanation of the Australian ballot, see a little book called "The Australian Ballot," by Wigmore.)

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