a. Draw a map of the state of Virginia.

b. Locate all the armies and divisions of armies on each

side in Virginia.

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 451. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 528–30.

c. On moving an army.

1. Space occupied by an army in march.

2. Baggage wagons and artillery.

3. Pontoon and other military bridges.

Any Ency. Cent. Magazine, XXXII. 639.

4. The hospital corps.

5. Equipment of a private soldier.
Weight carried on the march.

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 107-9.

6. Telegraphing in battle.

Cent. Magazine, XXXVIII. 782.

NOTE. It will be necessary to omit c or to give instruction on the points mentioned by an informal talk, if books suitable are not accessible. With a little care in the selection of references, the Encyclopædia can be consulted on many of the points. The topic is necessarily left in great part to the resources of the individual teacher.

d. A map of the battle-field at Bull Run, and a description of the nature of the ground.

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 82-3; XXX. 95, 103, 120.

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, 540. Chances of being hit in battle, see Cent. Magazine, XXXV. 93.

e. The Battle of Bull Run.

Johnston's U. S. 681. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 451-3. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 539-46. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, chap. V. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 80 +, 107, III, 317-8; XXX. 92, 606.

1. The commanders.

2. The plan.

3. Locations of Generals Patterson and Johnston.

What was each to attempt to do?

5. The retreat, and the number killed and wounded.

6. Causes of the defeat.

7. Effect on the South; on the North.

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 547-52, 553-4. Blaine's Twenty Years of Cong. I. 337-8, 347-8. For reading, Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 107 +, 111+; XXX. 106 +.

NOTE. It is best to go into considerable detail in the study of this battle. Let the pupil show the positions and movements of troops on his map on the board, and thus explain the progress of the battle. This will give him a vivid conception of what a battle is, which he will keep through his further study of the war; it will not be necessary for him to take the time to master later battles in detail.

My own practice is to require the pupil to learn accurately all general campaign movements and to represent them on maps drawn from memory by himself. I also take great pains to have him understand the object of each movement clearly, its relation to the object of the campaign and to the consummation of the war. Then, as we come to the great battles, sieges, or naval encounters in our study, I assign the one in order for a lesson in this manner: I send the members of the class into the library and tell them to read as much as they can from the references given, and study the maps and pictures; I call for a volunteer to copy on the board, out of school hours, a map of the battle-field, or I carry into class a large one prepared by myself; the class come together at recitation time with atlases in their hands, and I spend the hour in giving, in an informal lecture, the plan of battle followed, the movements, results, etc., drawing from the pupils the results of their reading, so far as I have time, and answering their questions.

I crowd into these talks all the information possible on the condition of the armies, the government at headquarters and its relations with the commanders in the field, money matters, etc.

If the work is carefully done and closely connected with the pupils' reading, it secures an absorbed attention, and the greater part of the information becomes a permanent possession of the pupil. I have obtained most surprising and gratifying results in this way, results which have stood the test of rigid examinations.

f. Events consequent upon the Battle of Bull Run.

1. Change of commanders.

Johnston's U. S. 682. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 454. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 618-9.

2. A new call for troops.

Johnston's Politics, 189.

6. The Trent affair.

Johnston's U. S. 687. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 459-61. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 606-8. Cent. Magazine, XXXVI. 408-16.

Why were the Confederate States so anxious to get ambassadors to Europe?

7. The war in Missouri.

Johnston's U. S. 684. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 454-7. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. chap. XXXV.; map, 573. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 107-14.

8. Points gained on the coast.

Hatteras, Pickens, Port Royal.

Johnston's U. S. 685. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 599–601. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 458-9. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, I. 601-6. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 123-7.

9. Summary of the events of 1861.

Point out on the map the line of defence maintained by the
Federal armies, east to west, and show at what points, if
any, it had been advanced during the year.

With which was the advantage at the close of the year?
Why?

e. The Civil War, 1862.

I. In the West.

Johnston's U. S. 689.

a. What was the main object of the campaign in the West? Who were the men in command on each side, in the West?

b. Draw a map of the Mississippi River from Cairo to its mouth, locating the following points:

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II., maps, 46, 55, 62, 88, 297, 305, 332.

Cairo.

Fort Henry.
Fort Donelson.

Columbus, Ky.

Belmont.
Fort Pillow.

Fort Randolph.
Memphis.
Vicksburg.

Port Hudson.

New Orleans, and the forts protecting it.

c. Locate the armies in the West.

Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, map, 129. Johnston's U. S. 689.

Tell why each was stationed at its particular location, and show how these points supported one another. What officers were in command?

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 514. Grant's Memoirs, I. 284-5.

d. The capture of Fort Henry.

Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 516.
Conflict, II. 45-6; map, 46.

Grant's Memoirs, I. 287-93. Greeley's Amer.

Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 136-43;

maps, 139, 144. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423.

e. The capture of Fort Donelson.

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 284 +, 423 +. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 516-17. Grant's Memoirs, I. 294-315. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 47-50. Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 144-58.

(See map of the battle-field.)

What part in the capture was taken by the flotilla?

Johnston's U. S. 700.

Effect of the capture of Fort Donelson.

Blaine's Twenty Years in Cong. I. 355-6. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423, 738 +, 754 +, 763 +.

f. Movements and changes of position immediately consequent upon the surrender of Donelson.

Johnston's U. S. 693. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 518. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 51-4.

1. Surrender of Nashville.

2. The evacuation of Columbus.

Why necessary?

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 54.

3. The capture of Island No. 10.

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, map, 55. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 519.

The canal.

Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 54-7; map, 55.

How was the gauntlet run?

Coffin's Drum-Beat of the Nation, 185-95. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423 +, 441+; XXX. 324 +, 776; XXXVIII. 308 +.

4. The evacuation of Forts Pillow and Randolph.

Why necessary?

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 423 +.

5. The fight at Pittsburg Landing.

Johnson's U. S. 694. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 521-4. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 58-70; map, 62. Morris's Half Hours, II. 407. Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 593, 614, 628; maps, 599, 621.

(See map of battle-field.)

Where did Buell's army come from?

Cent. Magazine, XXIX. 593, 614, 629, 634.

What was the difficulty about General Lew Wallace's division?

Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 749, 781, 783.

Who took the place of General A. S. Johnston when he fell?

Is it probable that this change of generals affected the result of the battle?

6. Corinth. (Grant commands department.) Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 222.

What was the object of the movement on Corinth? Johnston's U. S. 695, 698. Bryant's Popular Hist. IV. 526, 532-4. Greeley's Amer. Conflict, II. 71-2, 222-31. Grant's Memoirs, I. 330+; map, 341. Cent. Magazine, XXXI. 749; maps, 757, 767; XXXII. 901.