Recognition in International Law: With Special Reference to Russia

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The Principles of Recognition of States
6
The Duty of Recognition and the Practice of States
12
Recognition as a Question of Fact
23
Defined Territory
30
The Incidental Political Element of Recognition
36
VIEWS OF RECOGNITION
38
The Existence of a State and the Commencement of International
45
THE DECLARATORY AND CONSTITUTIVE
52
Opinions of the Law Officers of the Crown on Conditions of Closure of Ports
214
Opinions of the Law Officers of the Crown on Recognized Belligerents
222
The Duty of Recognition of Belligerency and the Independence of States
228
The Formal Argument against the Duty of Recognition of Belligerency
236
The Duty of the Lawful Government to grant Recognition
243
Recognition of Belligerency and the Spanish Civil War of 19369
250
Opinions of the Law Officers of the Crown on Insurgency and Municipal
265
Recognition of Insurgency during the Cuban War of Independence
271

The Retroactivity of Recognition and the Traditional Doctrines
59
THE PROCEDURE OF RECOGNITION
67
The Meaning of the Legal Duty of Recognition
73
Opinions of the Law Officers of the Crown concerning the State of the Fiji Islands
79
INTERNATIONAL LAW AND REVOLUTIONARY
87
Presumption in Favour of Established Governments
93
The Test of Legitimacy
102
Willingness to fulfil International Obligations
109
THE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVENESS and
115
The Practice of the United States
124
The Abandonment of the Traditional Test of Recognition after the First
130
The Value of the Principle of Subsequent Legitimation through Popular
136
Unrecognized Governments before Judicial Tribunals
145
so The Current Criticism of the Attitude of Courts in the Matter of Recognition
153
DUTY OF RECOGNITION
158
The Collectivization of Recognition of Governments
165
RECOGNITION OF BELLIGERENCY
175
The Reasons for the Relative Infrequency of Recognition of Belligerency
182
The Right of the Lawful Government to Recognition of Belligerency
193
The Right of Insurgents and of the Lawful Government Contrasted
199
Wrongs committed by Rebels not recognized as Insurgents
278
Effects of de facto and of de jure Recognition
284
Recognition of Insurgency and the Limits of de facto Recognition
290
Declaration of Piracy by the Lawful Government
296
Judicial Decisions page
300
The Development of the Conception of Piracy
306
PROBLEMS OF RECOGNITION
329
The Meaning of the Distinction between de jure and de facto Recognition
336
99 Implied Recognition de facto Recognition and de facto Intercourse
346
Withdrawal of Recognition of Governments
352
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER XIX
365
Presumption of Recognition page
369
Participation in Conferences
380
The Appointment of Agents
388
Implied Recognition and the Policy or Obligation of NonRecognition
395
Implied Recognition of Belligerency
403
THE PRINCIPLE OF NONRECOGNITION
409
Acceptance of the Obligation of NonRecognition
416
Invalidity of Titles based on Treaties inconsistent with Former Treaty
426
The Principle of NonRecognition and the Maintenance of International
434

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