supported the cause of Donna Maria against Don Carlos her uncle, 1835-37; became first Minister to Isabella, July, 1854; was superseded by O'Donnell, 1857; has lived since in retirement.

EUGENIE, EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH. Born at Granada, May 5th, 1826, and is second daughter of the Count Montijos; had her first interview with Louis Napoleon, 1851; married, January 30th, 1853; gave birth to a son, 1856; visited Queen Victoria along with the Emperor, 1855; made a second visit to this country, 1860.

EVANS, LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR DE LACY, G.C.B., M.P. Son of John Evans, Esq., of Moig, county Kerry; born, 1787; entered the army as ensign of the 22nd regiment of foot, 1807; served in India till 1810; joined the light dragoons, 1812; served in the Peninsular war, 1812-14, and was engaged in the battles of Talavera, Pampeluna, Toulouse, &c.; took part in the American campaign of 1814-15; was Assistant Quarter-Master-General at Waterloo, 1815; commanded the British Legion in Spain, in support of Isabella II., against Don Carlos, 1835-37; commanded the second division of the army in the Crimea, 1854-55, and signalized himself, at the battle of Alma, and Inkermann; received the thanks of the House of Commons in person, February, 1855. Has fought in fifty battles and has been several times severely wounded. Was M.P. for Rye, 1831-32; for Westminster, 1833-4, and since 1846. Is a liberal in politics.

EVERETT, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, American Author and Politician. Son of a Clergyman at Boston; born, 1790; graduated at Harvard College, 1806, and subsequently studied for the Law; was Secretary to the American Ambassador in St. Petersburg, 1809; visited England, 1812; was Secretary of

Legation in the Netherlands, 1818-24; appointed President of Jefferson College, Louisiana, 1841. Author of "Europe; or, a General Survey of the Principal Powers;" and of many essays in the "North American Review."

EVERETT, EDMUND, D.C.L., Statesman and Scholar; brother of the preceding; born at Boston, 1794; graduated at Harvard College, 1811; succeeded the Rev. J. S. Buckminster as pastor of one of the largest congregations in Boston, 1813; appointed Professor of Greek in Harvard University, 1815; studied German Literature at Göttingen, 1815-16, and travelled in Europe till 1819; was editor of the "North American Review," 1820-24; sat in Congress for Middesex, 1825-35; was Governor of Massachusetts, 1836-39; American Ambassador in London, 1841-46; President of the University of Harvard, Cambridge, 1846-49; received D.C.L., from Oxford, 1844; elected a member of the Senate for Massachusetts, 1853; but has since retired into private life. Author of a volume of "Orations and Speeches;" "Dirge of Alaric the Visigoth;" and some political pamphlets.

EWART, WILLIAM., M.P. Son of a Liverpool merchant; born in Scotland, 1798; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated B.A., 1821; called to the Bar at the Middle Temple, 1827; was M.P. for Liverpool, 1830-37; for Wigan, 1839-41; for Dumfries, since 1841. Has been distinguished chiefly for his efforts to obtain the abolition of capital punishment, and the introduction and extension of other social reforms.

EXETER, HENRY PHILLPOTS, Bishop of. Born, 1777; graduated M.A., at Oxford, 1798; consecrated Bishop of Exeter, 1830. Has published only a few pamphlets, chiefly of a controversial character.

FAED, THOMAS, Painter, R.S.A. Son of a millwright; born at Burnley Mill, Kirkcudbrightshire, 1826; removed to Edinburgh and became a pupil of Sir William Allan, 1843; elected an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, 1849; settled in London, 1852; exhibited his first picture "The Motherless Child," in the Royal Academy, 1855; "Home and the Homeless," 1856; "The First Break in the Family," 1857.

FAIRBAIRN, WILLIAM, LL.D., F.S.A., F.G.S., Civil Engineer and Machinist. Born at Kelso, 1790; worked for many years at Newcastle-on-Tyne as a mechanic; commenced business in Manchester, 1817; began the construction of iron vessels on an improved principle, 1835; assisted in the construction of the railway bridge across the Menai Straits; received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh, 1860. Is President-elect of the meetings of the British Association to be held at Manchester, 1861. "A Treatise on Mills and Millwork," in two volumes, is announced by the Longmans as from his pen. FARRADAY, MICHAEL, Chemist, and Fullerian, Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Laboratory in the Royal Institution. Son of a blacksmith; born in London, 1791; worked as a bookbinder from 1808 till 1813, when he became, through the interest of Sir Humphrey Davy, an assistant in the laboratory of the Royal Institution, where he has ever since remained; obtained a literary pension of £300 from the Treasury, 1835; refused the offer of the Chair of Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh, a situation worth £2,000 a year, 1858; received the degree of D.C.L., from Oxford, 1832, and is a member of nearly every learned Society in Europe. Author of "Chemical Manipulations;" "Experimental Researches in Electricity;" "Lectures" on the various forces of matter, &c.

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FERGUSSON, JAMES, Writer on Architecture. Born at Ayr, in Scotland, 1808; educated at the High School of Edinburgh; was a clerk in mercantile offices in Holland and London, 1826-29; managing partner of a firm in Calcutta, 1829-40; published Illustrations of the Rock-cut Temples of India," 1845; Ancient Architecture of Hindostan," 1847; "Ancient Topography of Jerusalem," 1847; "Historical Inquiry into the true Principles of Beauty in Art, &c.," 1848; "The Palaces of Ninevah and Persepolis Restored," 1851; "The Peril of Portsmouth," 1852.

FERRIER, JAMES FREDERICK, B.A., LL.D., Professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in the University of St. Andrews. Born in Edinburgh, 1808; educated at the High School of his native city, and afterwards as a pupil of Dr. Burney at Greenwich; studied at the University of Edinburgh, 1824-27, and at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he graduated, 1828-32; called to the Scottish Bar, 1833; elected to the chair of Civil History in the University of Edinburgh, in 1842, which he relinquished in 1845, on being appointed to the Professorship at St. Andrews; became a candidate for the chair of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh after the death of Sir William Hamilton, and received, next to Mr. Frazer, (the successful candidate) the highest number of votes from the Town Council as patrons, 1854. Author of "Institutes of Metaphysic," 1854, second edition, 1856 ; a series of papers in "Blackwood's Magazine, on "Consciousness;" and is an occasional contributor to that periodical

FILLMORE, MILLARD, Ex-President of the United States. Born at New York, 1800; was successively a tailor, wool-carder, and cloth-dresser; studied afterwards for the law, and was called to the Bar,

about 1828; entered Congress, 1832; elected Vice-President of the United States, 1848; and was President, from July, 1850, to March, 1853. FITZROY, RIGHT HON. HENRY, M.P. for Lewes. Next brother, and heir presumptive, of the third Lord Southampton; born, 1807; was M.P. for Great Grimsby, 1831-32; and for Lewes, since 1837; was a Lord of the Admiralty, 1845-46; Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department in the Aberdeen Ministry, 1852-55. Married in 1839, a daughter of the late Baron Rothschild. FLAHAULT, AUGUSTE CHARLES JOSEPH, French Ambassador in England. Son of a General in the French Army; born, 1785; entered the army, 1800; was present at the battles of Austerlitz, Friedland, Wagram, Waterloo, &c.; became a General of Division, and was created a Count, 1813; exiled from France, 1815-27; was Ambassador at Vienna, 1842-48; called to the Senate, 1852; appointed Ambassador at London, 1860. Is married to a daughter of the late Lord Elphinstone, of Elphinstone Castle, Roxburgh.

FLEMING, REV. WILLIAM, D.D., Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. Born in the parish of Arondale, in Lanarkshire, about the close of the last century; educated for the Church of Scotland at the University of Glasgow ; officiated for several years in the College Chapel; ordained minister of Westsuther, in the Presbytery of Lauder, 1826; translated to Old Kilpatrick, in the Presbytery of Dumbarton, 1829; elected Professor of Oriental Languages in the University of Glasgow, 1831; and in 1840, Professor of Moral Philosophy. Author of "An Essay on Scriptural Geography," prefixed to the "Scriptural Gazatteer;" "The Vocabulary of Philosophy,"