the Theological Hall of his own Denomination, 1843, a post which he still occupies, besides discharging his pastoral duties in Glasgow. Author of a "Biblical Cyclopedia," 8th edition, 1860; "Early Oriental History;" "Life of Dr. Kitto;" and critical commentaries on Ephesians," "Collossians," and "Philippians;" besides contributions to the "North British Review," &c.

EASTLAKE, SIR CHARLES LOCK, R.A., Painter. Son of a solicitor at Plymouth; born, 1793; studied for some time at the Royal Academy, under Fuseli; commenced his exhibitions at the Royal Academy, 1823; elected an Associate, 1827; an Academician, 1830; was Secretary to the Royal Commission of Fine Arts, 1841-43; Keeper of the National Gallery, 1843-47; elected President of the Royal Academy, 1850, an office which he still fills; appointed Director of the National Gallery, with a salary of £1000, 1855; travelled through Spain, Belgium, and other countries, purchasing pictures on behalf of the Government, for the National Gallery, 1859; received D.C.L., from Oxford, 1850; created a Knight of the Legion of Honour, 1855. Author of "Materials for the History of Oil Painting;" a translation of "Göthe on Colour;" &c.

EDWARDES, SIR HERBERT BENJAMIN, K.C.B., Indian Officer. Born at Frodesley, Shropshire, in 1819, where his father was rector; educated at King's College, London; nominated to a Cadetship, 1840; appointed aide-de-camp to Sir Hugh Gough, 1845; was wounded at the battle of Moodkee, 18th December, 1845; attended Sir Hugh at the battle of Sobraon, 10th February, 1846; was interpreter of Eastern languages for some time to Sir Henry Lawrence; commanded a company of Sikhs employed to collect arrears of tribute, 1848; was

Commissioner at Peshawer, 1853-57; enjoys a pension from Government in consideration of wounds received at the battle of Moodkee, besides £100 a year from the Indian Council.

Author of a "Narrative of his Operations in the Punjaub,” 1851.

EGG, AUGUSTUS, A.R.A., Painter. Born in London, 1817; first exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1837; elected A.R.A., 1848.

EGLINTON AND WINTON, ARCHIBALD WILLIAM MONTGOMERY, fifteenth Earl of, K.T., late LordLieutenant of Ireland. Born at Palermo, Sicily, 1812; married the widow of Captain Cockerell, R.N., 1845; celebrated at Eglinton Castle a tournament intended to represent those of the middle ages, 1840; was Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow, 1852-53; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland during the existence of the Derby administration, March to December, 1852; and again under the same Government, February, 1858, to March, 1859. Married Lady Adela Capel, daughter of the Earl of Essex, November, 1859, who died January, 1861. EHRENBERG, CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED, German Naturalist. Born in Prussian Saxony, 1795; obtained the degree of M.D., at Berlin, 1818; accompanied Hemprich, and afterwards Humboldt, in many of their exploring travels, 1820-35; elected perpetual Secretary of the Royal Academy of Berlin, 1842. Author of "Infusoria," published in 1838; and other works which have a world-wide reputation. ELCHO, FRANCIS WEMYSS-CHARTERIS, LORD. Eldest son of the eighth Earl of Wemyss, by a daughter of the Earl of Lucan; born, 1818; educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated, 1841; married a daughter of the Earl of Lichfield, 1843; was M.P., for East Glocestershire, 1841-46;

and for Haddingtonshire, since 1847; accepted the Chiltern Hundreds on becoming a convert to Free Trade principles, 1846; was a Lord of the Treasury in the Aberdeen ministry, 1852-55. Is a liberal conservative in his political views.

ELGIN AND KINCARDINE, JAMES BRUCE, Eighth Earl of. Son of the sixth Earl, and is descended from the Royal family of Bruce; born, 1811; graduated B.A. at Oxford, and was first-class in classics, 1833; elected M.P. for Southampton, 1841; succeeded in the same year to the Peerage; was Governor of Jamaica, 1842-46; GovernorGeneral of Canada, 1846-55; British Plenipotentiary in China, 1857-59; re-appointed, 1860.

ELIE, DE BEAUMENT, French Geologist. Born in the department of Calvados, 1798; gained a first-class prize for Mathematics at the Lycée, Henri IV., 1817; commenced his Geological and Mineralogical tours, 1819; visited England and Scotland, 1823; appointed perpetual Secretary to the Academy of Sciences, 1853; elected a Foreign member of the Royal Society of London, 1853. Author of several works relating to mineralogy and geography. ELLENBOROUGH, RIGHT HON. EDWARD LAW, Earl of, Statesman. Born, 1790; succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father, 1818; was Lord Privy Seal under Wellington, 1829-30; President of the Board of Control, under Peel, 1841-42; succeeded Lord Auckland as Governor-General of India, 1842, a position which he resigned, 1845; appointed Indian Minister, by Lord Derby, 1858, but had to resign shortly afterwards owing to an ill-advised despatch to Lord Canning.

ELLESMERE, FRANCIS LEVESON GOWER, EARL of. Son of the first Duke of Sutherland, and brother of the present Duke. Born in London, 1800;

graduated at Oxford, 1820; was M.P. for Sutherlandshire, 1826; for S. Lancashire, 1835-46; a Lord of the Treasury, 1827; Chief Secretary for Ireland, 1828-30; inherited, on the death of his father, the estates of Bridgewater, 1833; and at the same time assumed the name of Egerton; created Earl of Ellesmere and Viscount Brackley, 1846. Author of a translation of Göthe's "Faust, 1824; "The Pilgrimage, and other Poems," 1856; Essays on History, Biography, and Geography," 1858.

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ELLICE, RIGHT HON. EDWARD, M.P. for Coventry. Son of the late Alexander Ellice, Esq., of London; born, 1787; married first a daughter of the first Earl Grey, 1809, and after her death a daughter of the fourth Earl of Albemarle, and widow of the first Earl of Leicester; was for many years a London merchant; represented Coventry, as a liberal, 1818-26; and since 1830; was Secretary at War, 1833-34. Is a frequent and an effective speaker in the House. ELLIOTSON, JOHN, M.D., Writer on Mesmerism.

Born in London, 1794; became Professor of Medicine in the London University, 1831, and afterwards in University College, which he had to resign because of the prominence which he gave to his views on mesmerism, 1837. Author of several works.

ELLIS, REV. WILLIAM, Church Missionary. Born about 1792; joined the London Missionary Society, 1815; laboured in the South Sea Islands, 1816-24; in the Sandwich Islands, 1824-26, when he returned to England in consequence of ill health. Author of "Polynesian Researches," 1825; "Village Lectures on Popery," 1851; "Religion of Common Life," 1858; "History of the London Missionary Society," &c.

ELMORE, ALFRED, R.A., Painter. Born at Clonakilty, in the county of Cork, 1816; first exhibited at the Royal Academy, 1834; elected an Academician, 1857; has exhibited at the Royal Academy, 'Martyrdom of Thomas à Becket," which is considered his most successful work, 1840; "Renzi in the Forum," 1844; "The Emperor Charles V.," 1856; &c.

EMERSON, RALPH WALDO, American Essayist. Son of a Unitarian Clergyman; born at Boston, 1803; graduated at Harvard University, 1821; was pastor of a Unitarian Congregation in Boston, 1821-28, when he retired to Concord, and commenced his literary career; delivered his famous oration, "Man Thinking," at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1837; "Literary Ethics," at Dartmouth College, 1838; conducted a periodical called the "Dial," 1840-44; visited England and delivered the lectures which have been published under the title of "Representative Men," 1849. His religious creed has been called "Idealistic Pantheism.' Author, also, of "Lectures on the Times," 1841; "Essays," first series, 1841; second series, 1844; "Poems," 1846; "English Traits," 1856; "Conduct of Life," 1860. Complete works in 4 vols., 1858, Boston.

ENFANTIN, BARTHELEMY PROSPER, French Social reformer. Born at Paris, 1796; is at present manager of the Paris, Lyons, and Mediterranean railway.

ESPARTERO, DON BALDOMERO, Duke of Vittoria, Spanish Statesman. Son of a carpenter; born about 1792; entered the Army after being trained at a military school, 1813; assisted Morillo in his endeavours to repress the insurrection in the Spanish Colonies in South America, 1816-25;