Portsmouth, 1809; graduated B.A. at St John's College, Cambridge, 1832; M.A., 1839; ordained Curate of Walsal Wood, Staffordshire, 1833; was Vicar of Bilston, 1834-54, when he was appointed to St. John's, Bedford Row, and from it to be Rector of St. Jude's, Chelsea. Author of Silas Even," a biography; "Life of Thorneycroft;" also of numerous lectures, chiefly on subjects bearing upon the interests of the industrial classes; of several "Volumes of Sermons," &c.

OWEN, RICHARD, F.R.S., Naturalist. Born at Lancaster, 1804; was a midshipman for some time in a war vessel; entered the University of Edinburgh, 1824; studied in Bartholemew's Hospital, 1825-6; obtained an under situation in the Royal College of Surgeons, 1826; appointed Hunterian Professor, and Conservator of the Museum, 1836; Superintendent of the Natural History Department of the British Museum, 1856; was President of the British Association, 1858; elected Fullerian Professor to the Royal Institution, 1858; succeeded Robert Brown, the celebrated botanist, as one of the eight Foreign Associates of the Institute of France, 1859; enjoys a Royal pension, and a free Royal residence at Hampton Court, on account of his services to science. Amongst his works, are "History of British Fossil Mammals and Birds," 1846; "History of British Fossil Reptiles," 4to., 1849; Lectures on the "Comparative Anatomy of the Invertebrate Animals," 1843; "Archetype of the Animal Framework."

OWGAN, HENRY, LL.D., Author. Born in the county of Cork, 1819; entered Trinity College, Dublin, 1832, where he greatly distinguished himself in the department of classics; graduated in 1836, as a senior moderator (gold-medalist,) in classics; appointed, by the Lord-Lieutenant, to the Head

Mastership of the Royal Grammar School of Banagher, which he resigned, after a short period of office. Author of commentaries on, and translations of Virgil, Horace, Tacitus, Cicero, Demosthenes, Herodotus, &c., &c., which have attained a standard reputation; also of several novels, "Out on the World;" "My First Romance;" &c.

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OXFORD, THE RT. REV. SAMUEL WILBERFORCE, Bishop of. Third son of the late William Wilberforce, M.P.; born, 1805; graduated M.A. at Oriel College, Oxford, 1829; consecrated Bishop of Oxford, 1845. Author of "The Rocky Island;" Sermons at Oxford;" "Sermons before the Queen;" &c. PAKINGTON, RT. HON. SIR JOHN SOMERSET, M.P. Son of the late William Russell, Esq., of Powick Court, Worcestershire; born, 1799; assumed the name of Pakington in 1830, on inheriting the property of his maternal uncle, Sir J. Pakington, Bart.; educated at Eton, and Oriel College, Oxford; has been M.P., in the Conservative interest, for Droitwitch, since 1837; was Earl Grey's successor, as Colonial Secretary, under Lord Derby, March to December, 1852; First Lord of the Admiralty, February, 1858, to April, 1859; created a K.C.B., 1859. PALGRAVE, SIR FRANCIS, K.H., F.R.S., Historian and Antiquarian. Born in London, 1788; called to the bar at the Inner Temple about 1830; became Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records about 1837. Has published "History of England during the Anglo-Saxon Period," 1831; "Rise and Progress of the Commonwealth ; Ancient Calendars and Inventories of the Treasury and Exchequer;" and other works.

PALMERSTON, HENRY JOHN TEMPLE, VISCOUNT, K.G., G.C.B., First Lord of the Treasury. Born at

Broadlands, Hants, 1784; educated at Harrow, at the University of Edinburgh, and at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated, 1806; was M.P. for Newport, 1808-11; for the University of Cambridge, 1811-31; for Bletchingly, 1831-32; for S. Hants, 1833-34; for Tiverton, since 1835; held the office of Secretary-at-War, in five successive administrations, including Canning and the Duke of Wellington's, 1809-28; Foreign Secretary under Wellington and Grey, 1830-34; under Lord Melbourne, 1835-41; under Lord John Russell, 1846-52, when his alleged approval of the French coup d'état, of December, 1851, caused him to withdraw from the Foreign Office; Home Secretary, in Aberdeen's administration, 1852-55; First Lord of the Treasury, 1855-58, and since May, 1859.

PANMURE, THE RIGHT HON. Fox MAULE, LORD, K.T., G.C.B., late Secretary for War. Born at Brechin Castle, Forfarshire, the seat of his ancestors, 1801; educated at Charterhouse; entered the 79th Highlanders, as ensign, about 1820; served for several years in Canada, under his uncle, the ninth Earl of Dalhousie; retired from the service, with the rank of captain, 1831; was M.P., in the Whig interest, for Perthshire, 1835-37; for the Elgin Boroughs, 1838-41; a second time for Perthshire, 1841-52, when he succeeded to the Peerage, on the death of his father; has been under-Home Secretary; Vice-President of the Board of Trade; Secretary-at-War; and was Minister of War, under Lord Palmerston, during the Crimean War, 1856-58; succeeded to the Scotch titles of the Earls of Dalhousie, Dccember, 1860.

PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT, COUNT OF, heir of Louis Philippe, late King of France. Born,

August, 1838; succeeded to the titles of his father (who was killed by a fall from his horse), July, 1842; declared by Louis Philippe to be his successor on his abdication, February, 1848. mother died in May, 1858.

His

PARK, ANDREW, Lyric Poet. Born at Renfrew, 1811; attended the University of Glasgow, 1824-26; became a bookseller in the same city, 1841, but not succeeding in business he betook himself to letters as a profession. Author of about twelve volumes of poetry, some of which have obtained considerable popularity. A collected edition of his poems was published in London in 1854.

PATON, JOSEPH NOEL, R.S.A., Historical Painter. Born at Dunfermline, 1823; gained one of the three cartoon prizes, awarded at Westminster Hall, 1843; obtained likewise a prize of £300, from the Commissioners of Fine Arts, for his "Reconciliation of Oberon and Titania," 1847; sold his "Quarrel of Oberon and Titania" for £700, 1849; "Home," for £1000, 1857; "In Memorian,' for £1200; "Pursuit of Pleasure," for an equally large sum.

PAXTON, SIR JOSEPH, M.P., Architect of the Great Exhibition of 1851. Born, in humble circumstances, at Milton Bryant, Bedfordshire, 1802; educated at a "free school;' was a workinggardener to the Duke of Devonshire for several years, but became, ultimately, manager of his estates; brought into public notice by the construction of the Grand Conservatory in the Duke's Grounds; executed the design of the building of the Great Exhibition, 1851; knighted towards the close of the same year; has represented Coventry in the House of Commons since 1854. Author of several works on botany.

PEEL, SIR ROBERT, BART., Statesman. Son of the late Sir Robert Peel, Bart. Born in London, 1822; graduated B.A. at Christ Church, Oxford, 1843; became attaché to the embassy at Madrid, 1844; secretary to the British Legation in Switzerland, 1846-49; succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father, 1850; was one of the Lords of the Admiralty in the Palmerston administration, 1855-57. Holds no office in the present government.

PELISSIER, AIMABLE JEAN JACQUES, DUKE OF MALAKOFF, Governor of Algiers, and late Commander-in-Chief of the French forces in the Crimea. Born near Rouen, 1794, entered the army as a sub-lieutenant, 1815; became a captain in the King's Guards, 1828; actively engaged in Greece, in 1828 and 1829, and distinguished himself at the siege of the Castle of Morea; employed in Algiers, 1832-39, and 1841-55; suffocated 600 Arabs in a cave for refusing to surrender, 18th and 19th March, 1845; appointed to the chief command of the army in the Crimea, 19th May, 1855; successfully stormed the Malakoff fort at Sebastopol, 8th September, 1855; was French ambassador in London, 1858-59; appointed Governor of Algiers, January, 1861.

PENNEFATHER, LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR JOHN LYSAGHT, K.C.B. Born in the county of Tipperary, 1800; joined the army, 1818; distinguished himself in the Scindetic, and Crimean wars.

PETO, SIR SAMUEL MORTON, BART., M.P., Civil Engineer. Born at Working, in Surrey, 1809; employed as a bricklayer, 1823-30, when, on the death of his uncle, Samuel Morton Peto, he succeeded to the joint-partnership of a large building business; has constructed several of the principal