article. Such instrument and order shall be filed and recorded in the office of the county clerk of the county where the foster parent resides and the adoption shall take effect from the time of such filing and recording. § 116. Abrogation of voluntary adoption. A person adopted may be deprived of the rights of a voluntary adoption by the following proceedings only: The foster parent, the person adopted and the persons whose consent would be necessary to an original adoption, must appear before the county judge or surrogate of the county where the foster parent resides, who shall conduct an examination as for an original adoption. If he is satisfied that the abrogation of the adoption is desired by all parties concerned, and will be for the best interests of the person adopted, the foster parent, the person adopted, if over the age of twelve years, and the persons whose consent would have been necessary to an original adoption shall execute an agreement, whereby the foster parent agrees, or whereby the foster parent and person adopted, if the latter is above the age of twelve years and thereby a necessary party as above required, agree to relinquish the relation of parent and child and all rights acquired by such adoption, and the parents or guardian of the person adopted or the institution having the custody thereof agree to reassume such relation. The judge or surrogate shall indorse, upon such agreement, his consent to the abrogation of the adoption. The agreement and consent shall be filed and recorded in the office of the county clerk of the county where the foster parent resides, and a copy thereof filed and recorded in the office of the county clerk of the county where the parents or guardian reside, or such institution is located, if they reside, or such institution is located, within this state. From the time of the filing and recording thereof, the adoption shall be abrogated, and the person adopted shall reassume its original name and the parents or guardian of the person adopted shall reassume such relation. A person so adopted, however, may be adopted directly from such foster parents by another person or by either of such foster parents in the same manner as from parents, and as if such foster parents were the parents of such person so adopted. (As amended by chapter 154 of the Laws of 1910, chapter 38 of the Laws of 1913, and chapter 352 of the Laws of 1915.) § 117. Application in behalf of child for the abrogation of an adoption from a charitable institution. A minor who shall have been adopted in pursuance of this chapter or of any act repealed thereby, from an orphan asylum or charitable institution, or any corporation which shall have been a party to the agreement by which such child was adopted, or any person on the behalf of such child, may make an application to the county judge or the surrogate's court of the county in which the foster parent then resides, for the abrogation of such adoption, on the ground of cruelty, misusage, refusal of necessary provisions or clothing, or inability to support, maintain or educate such child, or of any violation of duty on the part of such foster parent toward such child; which application shall be by a petition setting forth the grounds thereof, and verified by the person or by some officer of the corporation making the same. A citation shall thereon be issued by such judge or surrogate, in or out of such court, requiring such foster parent to show cause why the application should not be granted. The provisions of the code of civil procedure relating to the issuing, contents, time and manner of service of citations issued out of a surrogate's court, and to the hearing on the return thereof, and to enforcing the attendance of witnesses, and to all proceedings thereon, and to appeals from decrees of surrogate's courts, not inconsistent with this chapter, shall apply to such citation, and to all proceedings thereon. Such judge or court shall have power to order or compel the production of the person of such minor. on the proofs made before him, on the hearing on such citation, the judge or surrogate shall determine that either of the grounds for such application exists, and that the interests of such child will be promoted by granting the application, and that such foster parent has justly forfeited his right to the custody and services of such minor, an order shall be made and entered abrogating the adoption, and thereon the status of such child shall be the same as if no proceedings had been had for the adoption thereof. If After one such petition against a foster parent has been denied, a citation on a subsequent petition against the same foster parent may be issued or refused in the discretion of the judge or surro gate to whom such subsequent petition shall be made. § 118. Application by foster parent for the abrogation of such an adoption. A foster parent who shall have adopted a minor in pursuance of this chapter or of any act repealed thereby, from an orphan asylum or charitable institution, may apply to the county judge or surrogate's court of the county in which such foster parent resides, for the abrogation of such adoption on the ground of the willful desertion of such child from such foster parent, or of any misdemeanor or illbehavior of such child, which application shall be by petition, stating the grounds thereof, and the substance of the agreement of adoption, and shall be verified by the petitioner; and thereon a citation shall be issued by such judge or surrogate in or out of such court, directed to such child, and to the corporation which was a party to such adoption, or, if such corporation does not then exist, to the superintendent of the poor of such county, requiring them to show cause why such petition should not be granted. Unless such corporation shall appear on the return of such citation, before the hearing thereon shall proceed, a special guardian shall be appointed by such judge or court to protect the interests of such child in such proceeding, and the foster parent shall pay to such special guardian such sum as the court shall direct for the purpose of paying the fees and the neces sary disbursements in preparing for and contesting such application on behalf of the child. If such judge or surrogate shall determine, on the proofs made before him, on the hearing of such citation, that the child has violated his duty toward such foster parent, and that due regard to the interests of both require that such adoption be abrogated, an order shall be made and entered accordingly; and such judge or court may make any disposition of the child which any court or officer shall then be authorized to make of vagrant, truant or disorderly children. If such judge or surro gate shall otherwise determine, an order shall be made and entered denying the petition. ARTICLE VIII. Apprentices and Servants. Section 120. Definitions; effect of article. 122. Indenture by minor; by whom signed. 125. Penalty for failure of master or employer to per- 126. Assignment of indenture on death of master or em ployer. 127. Contract with apprentice in restraint of trade void. § 120. Definitions; effect of article. The instrument whereby a minor is bound out to serve as a clerk or servant in any trade, profession or employment, or is apprenticed to learn the art or mystery of any trade or craft, is an indenture. Every indenture made in pursuance of the laws repealed by this chapter shall be valid hereunder, but hereafter a minor shall not be bound out or apprenticed except in pursuance of this article. To entitle a master to recover from a stranger the value of work and services performed for and rendered to him by one alleged to be an apprentice, a valid contract of apprenticeship must be established by the plaintiff. Supreme Court, January, 1885, Barton v. Ford, 35 Hun, 32. Where an officer of a home for poor and orphan children leaves one of its inmates with the head of a family to be taken care of while satisfactory, but without any of the formalities required by statute for binding out destitute children as apprentices or their adoption, the person taking the child does not stand in the relation of master, parent or guardian to him, and is liable to him for the value of any services he renders. County Court, Orleans County, January, 1911, Manuel v. Beck, 70 Misc. 357. § 121. Contents of indenture. Every indenture must contain: 1. The names of the parties; 2. The age of the minor as nearly as can be ascertained, which age on the filing of the indenture shall be taken prima facie to be the true age; 3. A statement of the nature of the service or employment to which the minor is bound or apprenticed; 4. The term of service or apprenticeship, stating the beginning and end thereof; 5. An agreement that the minor will not leave his master or employer during the term for which he is indentured; 6. An agreement that suitable and proper board, lodging and medical attendance for the minor during the continuance of the term shall be provided, either by the master or employer, or by the parent or guardian of the apprentice; 7. A statement of every sum of money paid or agreed to be paid in relation to the service; 8. If such minor is bound as an apprentice to learn the art or mystery of any trade or craft, an agreement on the part of the employer to teach, or cause to be carefully and skilfully taught, to such apprentice, every branch of the business to which such apprentice is indentured, and that at the expiration of such apprenticeship he will give to such apprentice a certificate, in writing, that such apprentice has served at such trade or craft a full term of apprenticeship specified in such indenture; 9. If a minor is indentured by the poor officers of a county, city or town, or by the authorities of an orphan asylum, penal or charitable institution, an agreement that the master or employer will cause such child to be instructed in reading, writing and the general rules of arithmetic, and that at the expiration of the term of service he will give to such minor a new bible. Every such indenture shall be filed in the office of the county clerk of the county where the master or employer resides. § 122. Indenture by minor; by whom signed. Any minor may, by the execution of the indenture provided by this article, bind himself or herself: 1. As an apprentice to learn the art or mystery of any trade or craft for a term of not less than three nor more than five years; 2. As a servant or clerk in any profession, trade or employment for a term of service not longer than the minority of such minor, unless such indenture be made by a minor coming from a foreign country, for the purpose of paying his passage, when such inden |