8. What verbs in Latin take a double accusative? Give examples in illustration. Factitive verbs, such as facio, præsto, voco, puto, &c., take two accusatives: Te facimus Fortuna ducem, Fortune, we make thee our guide.

Also verbs signifying to ask, to advise, to teach, to conceal: Quid nunc te litteras doceam, Why should I now teach you letters?

9. Explain fully the gerundial construction in Latin.

The gerund may be looked on as the oblique case of a verb-noun, the gerund in di corresponding to the genitive, the gerund in do to the dative and ablative, and the gerund in dum to the accusative.

The gerundive is used to express meetness or necessity, either impersonally, as Eundum est, One must go; or personally, as Vita tuenda est, Life should be preserved.

If a case of the person is added, that case is usually the dative: Fundum est mihi, I must go; Vita tuenda est nobis, Life should be preserved by us.

10. What adjectives take a genitive case?

The partitive genitive follows comparative and superlative adjectives, and all adjectives which express a number, as optimus omnium, best of all; primus militum, first of the soldiers. Adjectives signifying desire, experience, knowledge, memory, fulness, and the contrary to these, take a genitive.

Adjectives relating to the guilt and punishment of crime take a genitive of the crime, such as reus, noxius, manifestus.

VI. French Grammar.

1. State what you know about the peculiarity of délice, delight, and orgue, organ. Délice and orgue are masculine when singular; feminine when plural.

2. When do the French make use of the definite article whilst it is not used in English?

The definite article is used in French before abstract nouns, as la vie, life; l'amour, love; la guerre, war, &c.; and before names of countries, L'Allemagne, Germany, &c.

3. Parse the following words: Fassent, doit, dont, on, afin que, ceux. Fassent, 3rd pers. plur. pres. subj. from faire, to do; doit, 3rd pers. sing. pres. ind. from devoir, to owe; dont, pers. pron. gen.; on, indef. pron.; afin que, conj. phrase (governs the subj.); ceux, demonstr. pron. plur. masc.

4. How is some expressed before a noun; and, secondly, before an adjective? Give examples in these two instances.

Some is expressed in French, before nouns, by du or de la in the singular, and by des in the plural, as, du vin, de la farine, des poires, des jardins; de only is used before adj. de bon vin.

5. Give the pres. part. of bâtir, sentir, avertir, ralentir, mentir, garnir. Bâtissant, sentant, avertissant, ralentissant, mentant, garnissant.

6. Give the French of :-He has just finished; He is going to finish; He has to finish; He was going to finish; He ought to have finished.

Il vient de finir; il va finir; il doit finir; il allait finir; il devrait avoir fini.

Translate into French.

But their great general, who now felt that he stood victorious on the ramparts of lay and the torrent which rolled before him was carrying its waters to the rich plains of Cis alpine Gaul, endeavoured to kindle his soldiers with his own spirit of hope. He al them together; he pointed out the valley beneath, to descend to which seemed the wart of a moment. "That valley," he said, “is Italy; it leads us to the country of our fried the Gauls, and yonder is the way to Rome."

Mais leur grand général, voyant alors qu'il était victorieux sur les rampars de l'Italie, et que le torrent, qui se précipitait à ses pieds, portait ses eaux very is plaines fertiles de la Gaule Cisalpine, voulut inspirer à ses soldats le même sent ment d'espoir qui l'animait. Il les rassemble, leur montre la vallée au-dess d'eux; y descendre ne devait être que l'affaire d'un moment. "Cette vallée. leur dit-il, "c'est l'Italie, elle nous conduit au pays de nos amis, les Gaulois; & voilà le chemin de Rome."

CHAPTER VIII.

A CRITICISM OF THE QUESTIONS.

HAVING SO many other matters to attend to, and as we give full answers to questions which are not contained in previous numbers of this Magazine, we shall make only twe or three remarks on the present occasion. Our pupils pronounced the examination to be extremely easy, and were quite pleased with the way in which they acquitted themselves, but we are inclined to think that they are bad judges as to the difficulty of the ordes!, from the fact that their attention had been specially directed to almost every point likely to be asked, and, of course, when they met with the majority of the questions, they felt that however difficult they might be to others they were quite simple to them.

It has often been questioned whether it would not be more satisfactory if the Examiners were to frame the questions in unambiguous language. The only real object in view in compelling candidates to submit themselves for examination in general knowledge, is to ascertain whether they have received a tolerably good education, and not to test theit acuteness. Question 4 in the Geography paper and 6 in the "Elementary Latin" might we think, have been framed in simple language. Inasmuch as the Examiners frequently ask somewhat similar questions, we always take care to direct the attention of the members of our classes to such points; but we do not hesitate to remark that even some of the most distinguished geographers would not be able to answer Question 4 in the Geography paper satisfactorily, because it is almost impossible to ascertain whether a line drawn from one place to another will exactly intersect certain towns, especially as maps published by the best authorities differ. As, however, the Examiners certainly take a wide range in framing the questions, and as the systems of instruction throughout the country are multifarious, we have no doubt that there are many others, besides those who are specially prepared, who manage to answer such questions. Lengthened and detailed criticisms of some hundreds of questions have appeared in the numbers of this Magazine from time to time, and were we to say more on the present occasion we should only have to reiterate what we have probably said two or three times.

We take advantage of the opportunity of remarking, that in a few weeks will be pub lished a Digest containing upwards of one thousand questions, with answers, and a complete index to the whole work.

CHAPTER IX.

CORRESPONDENCE.

The Editor will be glad to receive COMMUNICATIONS from students and others. They must be addressed "Care of the Publishers," and will, in every instance, receive the attention they merit.

E. S. (Ryde).-Most of the historical characters whose lives candidates are required to write, from time to time, are inserted in our "Synopsis of Leading Authors, Statesmen, Poets and Philosophers," Nos. I. to IX.

INQUIRER (Salisbury).-Parliaments were occasionally held in Old Sarum in the 13th and 14th centuries.

P. C. G. (Hall).-Espiritu-Santo is the Bay of Tampa, the largest bay in the Gulf of Mexico, United States, on the west side of the peninsula Florida.

CANDIDATE.-Without examining you it is no easy matter to give an opinion as to whether you should select a Latin or a French author.

H. M. M. (Norwich).-It is established by recent criticism that Homer's Iliad is not one poem; that the ground-work of the Iliad is the same as that of the Odyssey; and that the tale of each is at bottom identical with that of the Volsunga Saga and the Nibelung song, as well as with that of the greatest Eastern epics. For an admirable account of the recent researches on this subject, and the conclusions to which they have led, see the Introduction to the "Tales of Thebes and Argos,” by the Rev. G. W. Cox.

F. D. (Portsmouth).-The answer to the question which you have forwarded to us may be seen among those in the English History paper in No. V. of this Magazine.

LEX (Peterborough).—James Boswell, the biographer of Dr. Johnson, was called to the bar.

T. J. R. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne).-According to the particulars with which you have furnished us, you cannot present yourself for final examination till Michaelmas Term, 1875.

MEDICUS.-We cannot furnish you with questions and answers at present, but our Guide to the Preliminary Examination in Arts of the Royal College of Surgeons, which is in some respects similar to the legal Preliminary, will shortly be published by Messrs. Churchill, of New Burlington Street, W.

QUERY.-The candidates read aloud to an Examiner in a private room.

EXAM (Sheffield). The subject is more fully explained in No. VIII. of this Magazine. H. W. (Canterbury).—Brighton was formerly called Brighthelmstone.

ARTICLED-CLERK.-Undergraduates (viz., those who have matriculated) need be articled for only four years, and graduates three years.

L. D. (Maida Vale).—Although you appear to be tolerably well acquainted with French and German, and offer to submit yourself for examination in both the languages, you will not be excused in "Elementary Latin." If you really knew how speedily a knowledge of the Latin grammar might be acquired, you would certainly not fear the ordeal.

ERSKINE DEBATING SOCIETY.

WINTER SESSION, 1874-5.

The first meeting of the Winter Session (1874-5) of this Society will be held at 3, Pump Court, Temple, E.C., on Thursday evening, November 12th, 1874, at eight o'clock precisely. The opening address will be delivered by the President, J. ERLE BENHAM, Esq. Other gentlemen will also address the meeting. Any gentlemen wishing to obtain cards of admission are requested to forward their private address cards to the Treasurer, A. GODWIN HAMMACK, Esq., Treasurer, 16, Belsize Park, or to the President.

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS

FOR SOLICITORS, FOR THE BAR, AND THE COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.

The Author of “The Student's Guide,” and Editor of "The Preliminary Examination Journal and Student's Literary Magazine" (formerly of King's College, London), whose pupils have always met with greater success than those instructed by any other tutor, PREPARES CANDIDATES of defective knowledge very speedily.

References to Noblemen, Members of Parliament, Fellows of the Royal Society, Members of the Council of the Incorporated Law Society, Queen's Counsel, Clergymen, Doctors, and others. For Syllabus (30 pages) of Testimonials and Opinions of the Law Journal, Law Times, Standard, Law Examination_Reporter, Law Magazine and Review, The London Review, &c., &c., address Mr. J. ERLE BENHAM, at his Chambers, 3, Pump Court, Temple, E.C., or to the care of Messrs. Butterworth, 7, Fleet Street, London, Her Majesty's Law Publishers.

Mr. J. Erle Benham has classes reading daily at his chambers for the Preliminary, Intermediate and Final Examinations for Solicitors. References to gentlemen of the highest legal status.

Printed by C. Roworth and Sons, Newton Street, London, W.C.

Ireliminary Examination Journal

AND

STUDENT'S LITERARY MAGAZINE.

CHAPTER I.

SPECIAL EXAMINATION NOTICES.

Preliminary Examination for Solicitors.

PURSUANT to the Judges' orders, the next Preliminary Examination in General Knowledge will take place on Wednesday the 12th, and Thursday the 13th of May, 1875. In addition to the ordinary subjects (including an elementary knowledge of Latin), the Special Examiners have selected the following books in which candidates will be examined:

In LATIN: Livy, Book I, or Horace, Odes, Books I. and IV. In GREEK: Sophocles, Edipus at Colonus. In MODERN GREEK: BEVTOTñs 'IσTopía Tūs 'Aμepiñs Bißriov . In FRENCH: Henri Conscience, Le Lion de Flandre, Tome I., or Voltaire, Rome Sauvée. In GERMAN: Goethe, Goetz von Berlichingen, or Schiller, Maria Stuart. In SPANISH: Cervantes, Don Quixote, cap. xv. to xxx. both inclusive, or Moratin, El Sí de las Niñas. In ITALIAN: Manzoni's I Promessi Sposi, cap. I. to VIII. both inclusive, or Tasso's Gerusalemme, 4, 5 and 6 cantos, and Volpe's Eton Italian Grammar.

Each candidate will be examined in one language only, according to his selection. Candidates will have the choice of either of the abovementioned works.

Intermediate Examination, under 23 & 24 Vict. c. 127, s. 9.

The works selected for the year 1875 are- CHITTY on Contracts, chapters 1, 2 and 3, with the exception, in chapter 3, of section 1, relating to Contracts respecting Real Property; 8th or 9th edition. WILLIAMS on the Principles of the Law of Real Property; 8th, 9th or 10th edition. HAYNES' Outlines of Equity; 3rd edition. Candidates will also be examined in Mercantile Bookkeeping generally.

Final Examination for Solicitors.

Candidates will be examined in-Common and Statute Law and Practice of the Courts; Conveyancing; Equity and Practice of the Courts. These are optional:-Bankruptcy and Practice of the Courts; Criminal Law; and Proceedings before Magistrates.

Preliminary Examination for the Bar.

The Preliminary Examinations for the Bar are held every Saturday during each legal term, and once in the week next preceding each legal term. The subjects of Examination are-(a) The English language; (b) The Latin language; and (c) English history.

For further particulars as to all the above Examinations, Forms of Notices, &c., see No. XI. of this Magazine.