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in exile, and the author of the Atlas Historique, &c., and of the Memorial de St. Helena.

We understand the fifth volume of Professor Leo's Course of Universal History, for the use of superior Schools, is just out, (Lehrbuch der Universa eschichte zum Gebrauch in höhern Unterrichtsanstalten,) published at Halle. This volume treats of the history of the French Revolution and of Napoleon, and thus forms a valuable work of itself. It is written in a spirit of stern justice; the author, with the law of the gospel in his hand, sitting in judgment upon the deeds of nations and individuals, and tracing in all the ramifications of the astounding events of that memorable period, the finger of God. It will also please the English reader of German, for the beauty and simplicity of its style.

Der Nibelungen Noth, illustrirt mit Holzschnitten nach Zeichnungen von Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld und Eugen Neureuther. Die Bearbeitung des Textes von Dr. Gustav Pfizer. 8 Lieferungen, à 14 gr. Technologische Encyclopädie, oder alphabetisches Handbuch der Technologie, der technischen Chemie, und des Maschinenwesens. Zum Gebrauche für Kameralisten, Oekonomen, Künstler, Fabrikanten, und Gewerbtreibende jeder Art. Herausgegeben von Joh. Jos. Prechtl. k. k. n. o. wirkl. Regierungs-Rathe, und Director des k. k. polytechnischen Instituts in Wien.

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judge accurately of its influence upon society, and yet too far from it to appreciate its earliest fruits; he says it will require perhaps many centuries before we can justly form an opinion of its effects upon the destinies of man. We may at least even now form something of an estimate, if we refer merely to the enormous cost of some MSS. prior to the invention of this invaluable art. One Parnarme, writing to the King of Naples, says, 'you lately wrote me from Florence that the works of Titus Livius are there to be sold, in very handsome books, and that the price of each is 120 crowns of gold. Therefore I entreat your Majesty that you cause the same to be bought; and one thing I want to know of your prudence, whether I or Poggius have done best, -he, that he might buy a country house near Florence, sold Livy, which he had writ in a very fine hand, or I, that I might purchase the books have exposed a piece of land for sale?'-Tuscas, Petrarch's tutor, was, it is stated, obliged to pawn two little volumes of Cicero, to save himself from confinement for debt. A few MSS. were considered in early times a sufficient dower for the daughter of even a wealthy baron; and such importance was attached to the disposal of books, that they were sold on contract and securities in the same manner as landed property. To purchase a Bible in the fifteenth century, would have cost, according to their rate of wages, fifteen years of daily labor. In the middle of the 9th century, Lupus, the abbot of a monastery, sent a commission of two Monks to Pope Benedict III., with a letter requesting a copy of Cicero and Quintilian, assigning as the reason, that there was no copy of either throughout France.

In Spain also, books were so exceedingly scarce about this time, that one and the same Bible often served for the use of several Monasteries. And even the Royal Library at Paris down to the 14th century possessed only four of the classic authors,-Cicero, Lucan, Ovid and Boethius. The bestowment of a book on a convent, was furthermore looked upon as a highly religious act,—and at the Monastery of St. Swithin at Winchester, a daily mass was actually founded for the soul of Bishop Nicholas de Ely, because he had given a Bible to that institution.

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II. HOPE. From the German of Schiller
III. MRS. SIGOURNEY.-By Alexander H. Everett

Page.

225

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Pocahontas and other Poems.-By Mrs. L. H. Sigourney.
IV. THE ANCIENT FEUDAL AND MODERN BANKING SYSTEMS
V. THE WORDS of Error.-From the German of Schiller
VI. WHITE SLAVERY

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VII. ANECDOTES OF GENERAL JACKSON.-By Amos Kendall
VIII. FOLLEN.-By John G. Whittier

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Life of Petrarch.—By Thomas Campbell.

X. THE ANGEL OF TEARS.-By Walter Whitman

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XI. POLITICAL PORTRAITS WITH PEN AND PENCIL.-No: XXXIII.

CHURCHILL C. CAMBRELENG, of New York.

284

(With a fine Engraving on Steel.)

XII. WHIST!

288

XIII. RECONCILIATION

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XIV. A FOOL OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.-From the German

of Zschökke

289

XV. ALBERT BRISBANE

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XVI. THE POLITICAL THEORISTS OF THE ENGLISH COMMONWEALTH.
XVII. WEALTH, FAME, LOVE, and Truth

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The History of Duelling: Including Narratives of the most
Remarkable Personal Encounters that have taken place from
the Earliest Period to the Present Time. By J. G. Millen-
gen, M.D., F.R.S.

XX. MONTHLY FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL ARTICLE

318

XXI. THE NEW BOOKS OF THE MONTH

Leibig's Animal Chemistry-Wayland's Thoughts on the
present Collegiate System in the United States-Ure's Dic-
tionary of Arts, Manufactures and Mines—Bees, Pigeons,
Rabbits, and the Canary Birds, &c., by Peter Boswell—
Downing's Cottage Residences-Mineral Springs of West-
ern Virginia-Pictorial Guide to the Falls of Niagara-
Mexico in 1842-Handy Andy-The Fortunes of Hector
O'Halloran and his Man, Mark Antony O'Toole-Guizot's
History of Civilisation in Europe-Dewey's Discourses on
Human Life-The Irving Institute.

XXII. MONTHLY LITERARY BULLETIN

American-English-Continental.

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THIS NUMBER CONTAINS SEVEN SHEETS, ONE HUNDRED AND TWELVE PAGES.

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