AARDENBURG.

AARDENBURG, disgraceful surrender of, iv,
206.

ABDULZAMAR, chief of the Sumatran lega-
tion, his death, iv, 111.

ACHIM, Atchen, Astgen or Atsgen,
Sumatra, embassy sent to Holland from,
iv, 110, 111. 244. Profiting by its
Dutch experiences and repulsing the
Spaniards, 419, 420. 422.

Acos, bishop of, counselling his king in
vain, i, 123.

AERSSENS, Cornelius, States' Recorder, his
conferences with the Archdukes' emis-
saries on negotiations for peace, iv, 301
-303. 309. Offers of gifts to him, and
troubles he got into thereabout, 390-
392. What became of the gifts, 397.
His aspiration for his friend Barne-
veldt, 503. Denounced as a traitor,

506.

AERSSENS, Francis, on Elizabeth's inten-

tions towards the States, iii, 486. On
a rumour relative to the marriage of
Henry IV, 593 note. His fears turned
into rejoicings, iv, 48 note. On Henry's
insincerity towards the States, 104, 105,
notes. An aphorism from Henry's lips,
150. 151 note. Result of his experi-
ences at the French Court, 200, 201.
His reply to a query of Henry's, 221
note. On Henry's rejoicings at the
capture of Sluys, 224. On Henry's in-
dignation at the "shortcomings" of
the republic, 268. Conferring and re-
porting on the English and French
schemes for annexing the States, 283-
287. On Henry's secret views as to a
truce, 468. Taxing Henry with the
same, 469. Denounced as a traitor,
506. Barneveldt's congratulations to
him, 524. See iii, 502 note, iv, 383, 384.
AHMED, or Ahmet, Sultan, iv, 218. 278.
540.

AISMA, or Aitzma, Frisian councillor, i,
313. 406.

ALACCON, Don Martin, with his monks in
the Armada, ii, 466.

ALBERT.

ALBERT, Cardinal Archduke, Viceroy of
Portugal, subsequently called in con-
junction with his wife the Arch-
dukes." Designated to succeed Far-
nese as governor of the Netherlands,
iii, 220. His processional entry upon
his office, 352, 353. His birth, per-
sonal appearance, manners, &c., 357-
359. His investment of Hulst, and
alleged sacrifice of his soldiers there,
394-396. A throne thought of for
him, 415. Objections to the scheme,
416. His present to Henry IV, 419.
Philip's quixotic request to him, 421.
Attack on and defeat of his forces at
Turnhout, 422-432. His reply to
Maurice's letter as to giving quarter,
432 note. Consequences to him of his
king's repudiation of his debts, 440.
443. His recipe for Antwerp's ills,
444. Beaten out of Amiens: disap-
pointed in his intended relic-robbery,
452, 453. Wife and sovereignty pro-
vided for him, 473. 501. 502 note. His
marriage, 503. Reception of the pair
in Brussels: his extravagant house-
keeping: character of his court, 587-
589. Project for dissolving his mar-
riage, 593. His dominions threatened,
iv, 2. 5. Gathering and haranguing
his forces, 12, 13. Acting on the
offensive his successes, 14. 19, 20.
His promise of glory to himself, humi-
liation and annihilation to his foe, 22,
23. Impatience of his troops, 24, 25.
His conspicuous equipment and bear-
ing on the eve of the Nieuport battle,
29. His imminent danger, discomfi-
ture, and escape, 41, 42. 45. His and
his wife's chargers changing masters,
46, 47. His consolation in defeat, 55.
Temptations offered to him to besiege
Ostend, 62. Beginning the siege; his
forces, 63, 64. Problem he had to
solve his "sausages," 70. His men's
chief inducements, 71. His small re-
gard for their lives, 74. In holiday trim

:

and high anticipation once more, 84.
Growling and furious, 86. Waiting for
victory, and disappointed, 88. Taking
the wrong course with his mutinous
soldiers, 100. Their sarcastic reply to
his threats, 101–103. Reprisals caused
by his killing his prisoners, 125, 126.
Result of his excommunication of the
mutineers, 129, 130. In doubt about
his bargain compelled to make terms
with his veterans, 209, 210. Ostend
given up to him; condition and cost (in
human life) of his prize, 215-217. In
treaty with King James, 219. Levy-
ing troops in England, 228. Guy Faux
one of his old soldiers, 257. Sending
peace negotiators to the States, 296.
Conferences, blunders, travellings to
and fro, and ultimate result, 300–317.
Desires of himself and his wife 381,
382. Their powerlessness to treat with
the States, 387. Scolding Philip III,
392. Direction taken by his hopes,
416. Objections of the States to the
titles claimed for him and his wife,
435, 436. His demand in return for
giving up the titles, 438, 439. His
hypocrisy, 440. Discovery and publi-

cation of his secret instructions, 488-
491. Object of his confessor's mission
to Spain, 514, 515. Terms of truce
agreed on with the States, 516. 519.
His tempting offers to Maurice, 543.
See ii, 463. 465. 556. iii, 293. 362. 417.
422. 457. 460. iv, 403. 410. 416. 461.
483. 536. See also Austria, House of.
ALDEGONDE, See Sainte Aldegonde.
ALENÇON, Duke of, a reminiscence of,
iii, 347.

ALEXANDER of Macedon and Alexander
of Parma, i, 258.

ALLAN, or Allen, Dr, his pamphlet or
"Admonition' against Elizabeth, ii,
400, 401. 403-406. 484. A disap-
pointed candidate for the papacy, iii,

89.

ALTERAS, Laurenz, vice-admiral of Zee-
land, iv, 320. 324. His exploit, 326.
ALVA, regular accompaniments of the
victories of, i, 252. Parma's conduct
contrasted with his, 253. Number of
religious murders boasted of by him, ii,
291. See ii, 381. iii, 43. 168. 284. 354.
447. iv, 13. 229.

AMAZON defenders of Sluys, ii, 264.
AMBOISE, Renée of; condition of her
marriage with Balagny, iii, 317. Her
heroism at the siege of Cambray and
resolute death, 350, 351.

AMBOYNA captured by the Dutch, iv, 244.

AMERICA, popular belief as to the habits
of the natives of, iv, 300. Artillery
operations in the recent civil war,
73.

AMIENS captured by a Spanish artifice, iii,
434-436. Measures resolved on to
regain it, 437. 440. Besieged and re-
captured, 451-453. See 460.
AMSTERDAM, festival in honour of Lei-
cester at, ii, 15. Plot of his partisans
to seize the city, 332. Prospering, ii,
23. 25. Sharing in an arctic voyage,
561. Trade monopolies, iv, 433-451,
Wavering in its opposition to a truce,
504. Accepting it, 513. Rapid ex-
tension of the city, 551. See iii, 174

note.

AMURATH, Sultan of Turkey, German
dread of his presents to Philip II, i,
30, 31. His liking for Henry IV, iii, 48.
His magnificent letter to Henry, 48.
49 notes. Knocking at the imperial
gates, 315. His death: terrible doings
of his successor, 329.
ANABAPTISTS, how treated by Elizabeth
and William the Silent, i, 25, 26.
ANCEL, mission confided by Henry IV to,
iii, 411. 414. 417.

ANDERSON, Claas, Dutch Arctic navi-
gator, iii, 572. 573.

ANDRADA, the famous Portuguese poi-
soner, iii, 295.

ANGIERS, reception of the Dutch envoys
at, iii, 479, 480.

ANHALT, prince of, iv, 30. 201.
ANJOU, Duke of, his treachery, i, 8. 10.62.
93. His death, 11. His wife-hunt-
ings, 30. 55. Change of policy brought
about by his death, 36. Step taken by
the States-General on his death, 55.
Catherine de Medici's claim under his
will, 136. Tearing down of his arms
at Antwerp, 253. Queen Elizabeth's
aspiration for his soul, 321. Sidney's
protest against the queen's marriage
with him, i, 360. Tournamental
honours rendered to him by Sidney, 361.
Lesson taught to Holland by his con
duct, ii, 119.

ANNE of Denmark, queen of James I., a
bribed partizan of Spain, iv, 144. Her
husband's subservience to her, 157.
ANTONIO, Don, pretender of Portugal:
price set on his head: his escape, pri
vations, and ambition. i, 67. Renewed
efforts of Philip to kidnap him: makes
himself of use to England, 68. Resolve
of the English court as to how he
"might be induced to offend" the king
of Spain, 84. At Leicester's banquet st

Utrecht, ii, 16. Abortive Anglo-Dutch
expedition in his behalf, 554-557.
ANTONIO, Don Matteo, see Serrano.
ANTWERP, siege and fall of, i, 23, 24. 112.
Compared with other European cities,
53. Feelings towards France and
England, 75 note. Occasion of the
proverb "If we get to Antwerp: " Far-
nese preparing for its siege, 137. Illus-
trations military and political afforded
by the siege, 139. Scientific and
mechanical appliances resorted to by
besiegers and besieged, 140. Situation
of the city capacity of its harbour,
ibid. Plan of defence urged by Wil-
liam the Silent, and results of its non-
observance, 141-143. Consequences
of the absence of a governing head:
anarchical results of a conflict of autho-
rities, 144, 145. Rejection of William's
plans: the butchers in the ascendant,
151-153. Unwise abandonment of
Herenthals: the loss of Liefkenshoek,
153-155. Repulse of the Spaniards
at Lillo, 156. Suicidal results of regu-
lations imposed upon the bringers-in of
corn, 159, 160. Scene produced by the
opening of the Saftingen sluices, 160.
Too late perception by its opponents of
the value of Orange's plan, 161. The
key to its fate, 162. Incredulity as to
the possibility of Parma bridging the
Scheldt, 163. Reply of its authorities
to Parma's attempts to subdue them by
arguments and promises, 167-170.
Commercial panic: flight of its wealthy
citizens, 171. Opportunity lost by the
failure at Bois-le-Duc, 178, 179. Con-
sternation at the completion of Parma's
bridge: "demons" fancied and real,
182, 183. Treatment of their spy by
Parma, 184. Message brought home by
him, 185. Preparing for action: Lief-
kenshoek regained, 187, 188. Giani-
belli's plan for destroying Parma's
bridge, how carried out, and its results,
190-198. Advantage lost through Ja-
cobzoon's neglect or incompetency, 198.
200. Fears engendered in the enemy by
the fireships, 202, 203. The destructive
skill of its citizens how characterized by
Parma, 203, 204. Their tactics while
preparing to attack the Kowenstyn
Dyke, 205. Incidents of their capture of
it and of its recapture by the Spaniards,
206-224. Folly of their leaders in not
remaining to make victory sure, 215.
Celebrating an unsecured conquest: re-
action thereon, 225, 226. Effect of the
Kowenstyn failure upon the ultimate

fate of the city, 227. Construction and
fate of a new marine monster, "the
war's end:" only mischief done to the
enemy by it, 227--229. Thwarting
effects of municipal shortsightedness
upon the burgomaster's efforts, 229,
230. Encouraging assurances sent by
Queen Elizabeth: increasing despair
of the citizens: La Noue's opinion,
231, 232. Last hope gone: tumults
and insults to the burgomaster, 234,
235. 238. 242. 244. Negotiations for
and ultimate acceptance of terms of
capitulation: extremes in the conduct
of the populace, 242-253. Conditions
insisted on by the victors, 254. Trium-
phal entry of Parma: pageantry and
feastings thereupon, 258-260. Re-
erection of the citadel: consequences of

the heretics having all left" the city,
261. A curb more efficacious than the
citadel, 262. Sense in which "religious
affairs" improved, 263. 490. Drying
up of the source of the city's vitality,
264. 269. iv, 451. 551. Consequences of
Gilpin's ill-timed message to England,
i. 298, 299. Desperate state of the
place, and hard conditions imposed on
the burghers, i, 489, 490. 504. iii, 24.
Spanish memories of the sack of the
city, ii, 489. Jesuit recipe for its re-
vival, iii, 23. Auto da fé consummated
in the city, 443-445. Rebellion in the
citadel, 457. Abortive enterprise of the
States against it, iv, 232. See i, 323.
325. 332. 334. ii, 128. 370. iii, 115. 286.
287. 419. iv, 113. 451. 517.
AQUILA, Don Juan d', marching to the
rescue of the Kowenstyn, i, 217. His
dispute with Capizucca for the post of
danger, 217, 218. In the thick of the
fight together, 220. 221. Commended
by Parma to Philip, 224. 225, 227. At
Parma's attack on Grave, ii, 12. See
iii, 122. His invasion of Ireland and
its result, iv. 94, 95.

"ARCHDUKES," the, see Albert, and Clara
Isabella.

ARCTIC Voyages of the Dutch navigators
and their results narrated, iii, 555-
576.

ARDRES, surrender of, iii, 393. Restored,
500.

AREMBERG, gunpowder accident to, i, 229.
See 258.

ARENBERG, Count, iii, 280. 321. 322. His
character and disposition, 361. On
special mission to England, iv, 137,
154. James's opinion of him, 163.
ARMADA of Spain, ii, 103. 113. 315. 322.

Incredulity of English and French
statesmen regarding it, 434-436.
Dutch preparations against it, 445.
Howard's impatience and complaints,
448-450. 457. Ceremonies on setting
sail number and armament of the
vessels, daily expense, plan of opera-
tions, &c, 465-468. A necessity un-
provided for: effects of a tempest,
468-470. David Gwynn's successful
exploit, 471-473. Off the English
coast, 473. Preliminary engagements
and their result, 474-482. Both fleets
off Calais English fire-ship project,
483-492. Boarding of a great galeasse,
493-496. General engagement of both
fleets: flight of the Spaniards: Howard's
"brag countenance", 497-503. Dis-
persal of the Spanish fleet: summing-
up of its disasters, 506, 507. Joint
sharers in the honours, 511. 527. Pre-
mature rejoicings in Paris, 529. See
ii, 514. 515. 518. 521, 523. 532-536.
ARMINIUS, Jacob, death of, iv, 536. Con-
sequences due to the spread of his doc-
trines, 536-538. 547. 548. 568.
ARRAGON, admiral of, see Mendoza,
Francis.

ARRAGON, revenue of Philip II from, iii,
520.

ARRAS tapestries, iv, 553.

ARSCHOT, Duke of, and his battlings for
place, iii, 280. 321, 322. His end, 323.

His son, see Chimay, prince of.
ARTOIS, iii, 266. 290. 313.

ARUNDEL House, De Rosny's residence and
conferences at, iv, 156. 158. 160. 170.
ASCOLI, Prince of, sent on a vain mission,
iii, 70.

ASSONLEVILLE, counsellor, setting an assas-
sin to work, iii, 300.
ATCHEN, or Atsgen, see Achim.
ATYE, Leicester's private secretary, ii,
110. Strange story told to and by him,

235. 246.
AUDLEY, ii, 48.

AUGUSTUS, Duke of Saxony, sees "into the
sect of the Jesuits," i, 32.
AUMALE, Henry of Navarre's dangerous
skirmish at, iii, 139–142.

AUMALE, Duke of, iii, 55. 63. 139. 353. iv,
41.

AUSTRIA, house of, to be humbled, iv, 152.
157. 179. Extending its relation with
King James, 219. Result of the "hum-
bling" project, 278. Religious peace,
540. See Albert, Archduke. Matthias.
Rudolph.

AUSTRIA, Don John of, "Soldier of Le-
panto," i, 358. 359. ii, 541.

AVALOS, hostage with the Spanish mu-
tineers, iv, 210.

AXEL, surprised and captured by the
Dutch and English, ii, 34-36.
AZORES, claim of the Netherlanders rela-
tive to the discovery of the, iii, 551.

BABINGTON Conspiracy, ii, 104. 189.
BACON, Francis Lord, on the policy of the
Cecils towards able men, i, 358.
BALAFRE, Le, See Guise.
BALAGNY, Seigneur de, petty sovereignty
established by, i, 8. 100. His "most
excellent milch-cow," 136. Submits
to the king's authority: his recompense,
iii, 313. His despicable character, 347.
His city captured by the Spaniards,
348-350. His after-career, 351. His
heroic wife: See Amboise.

BALEN'S own at Nieuport, iv, 38. His
successful onset, 39.

BALFOUR, Scottish volunteer, fighting at
the Kowenstyn, i, 223.

BALLONO, Juan, his estimate of the killed
at Ostend, iv, 216 note.

BALTIC trade, number of ships in the, iv,
554.

BALVENA, Spanish envoy, conferring on
peace with Henry IV, iii, 417-419. 459,
460.

BANDA, nutmeg monopoly ratified at, iv,

109.

BANTAM, repulse of the Spanish squadron
at, iv, 106, 107.

BARBERINI, papal envoy, trying his per-
suasive powers on Henry IV, iv, 368,
369.
BARDESIUS, unwelcome task imposed on,
ii, 326.

BARENZ, William, his first arctic voyage,
iii. 555-557. His second attempt,
559, 560. His third venture, 561, 563.
His astronomical experiments, 569,
570. His quiet heroism and death,
571-573. Results of his enterprise,
576.

BARNEVELDT, See Olden-Barneveldt.
BASKERVILLE, English captain, his bravery
at Sluys, ii, 263. Parma's compliment
to him, 274. At Bergen-op-Zoom, 539.
Knighted, 544. See 562.

BASTI, George, Albanian chief, iii, 140.
His death blow, 145.

BATAVIA, Betuwe, "Good Meadow," is-
land of, ii, 19. 23. iii, 111. 113. Its
oriental namesake, iv, 107.
BAUER: primary and secondary meaning
of the word, iii, 172 note.
BAX, Paul and Marcellus, iii, 338, 339.
Narrow escape of Marcellus, 340. A