Managed Trade: The Case Against Import TargetsAEI Press, 1994 - 93 páginas 'Doug Irwin does a first-class job of showing the fallacy in the argument that voluntary import expansions (VIEs) are anything other than another protectionist, costly, and largely ineffective trade policy measure.' - Anne Krueger, professor of economics, Stanford University |
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20 percent American Enterprise Institute antidumping auto automobile Bergsten and Noland bilateral trade billion Chairman and CEO Clinton administration collusion competition countries current account deficit economic enforcement European explicit fiscal foreign firms foreign market share foreign trade barriers Fred Bergsten free trade GATT government trade import market share import targets increase International Trade Jagdish Bhagwati Japan's trade Japanese firms Japanese government Japanese market Korea managed trade market access market openings market share target ment MITI negotiations nomic Number of firms outcome output political profits purchase reduce Resident Scholar restraints restrictions Robert Z section 301 sectors semiconductor agreement share in Japan specific Subcontracting suppliers tariff tion trade barriers trade deficit trade practices U.S. exports U.S. firms U.S. market U.S. producers U.S. semiconductor U.S. trade policy U.S. Trade Representative U.S.-Japan semiconductor unfair United USTR VERS vertical integration vertical keiretsu VIES voluntary export restraints Voluntary Import Expansions Washington