Although it is true that the Fifteenth Amendment gives no affirmative right to the negro to vote, yet there are cases, some of which are the following: "In all cases where the former slave-holding States have not removed from their Constitutions the words 'white man' as a qualification to vote, this provision did in effect confer upon him the right to vote, because being paramount to the State law, it annulled the discriminating word 'white."" And such would be the effect of any future constitutional provision of a State which should give the right of voting exclusively to white people whether men or women. Neal v. Delaware, 103 U. S., 370; Ex parte Yarbrough, 110 U. S., 651. In this case United States v. Reese, 92 U. S., 214, is qualified and explained.

The Constitution of the United States has not conferred the right upon any one, and the United States have no voters of their own creation in the States. Minor v. Happersett, 21 Wall., 178. Nor did the Fourteenth Amendment have this effect. Id.

Sections 5508 and 5520 of the Revised Statutes read as follows: Section 5508. "If two or more persons conspire to injure, oppress, threaten or intimidate any citizen in the free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege secured to him by the Constitution or laws of the United States or because of his having so exercised the same, or if two or more persons go in disguise on the highway, or on the premises of another,

with intent to prevent or hinder his free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege so secured, they shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years; and shall, moreover, be thereafter ineligible to any office or place of honor, profit or trust created by the Constitution of the United States."

Section 5520. "If two or more persons in any State or Territory, conspire to prevent by force, intimidation, or threat, any citizen who is lawfully entitled to vote, from giving his support or advocacy, in a legal manner, toward or in favor of the election of any lawfully qualified person as an elector for President or Vice-President, or as a member of the Congress of the United States; or to injure any citizen in person or property on account of such support or advocacy, each of such persons shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment, with or without hard labor, not less than six months nor more than six years, or by both such fine and imprisonment." These provisions were held constitutional in Ex parte Yarbrough, 110 U. S., 651.

Effect of amendment on existing Constitutions of States. The adoption of the 15th Amendment rendered inoperative the existing Constitution of a State whereby the right of suffrage was limited to the white race; and also operated to enlarge the operation of statutes so as to make colored electors eligible as jurors. Neal v. Delaware, 103 U. S., 370.

Eleventh amendment declared in force January 8, 1798.

ADDENDUM.

The following was not inserted in its proper connection, and is here appended:

1. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, to issue habeas corpus.-The Supreme Court may, in the exercise of original jurisdiction, issue writs of habeas corpus, in cases in which it has original jurisdiction, such as cases involving ambassadors, public ministers, and cases where a State is a party. Ex parte Hung Hang, 108 U. S., 522; Ex parte Parks, 93 U. S., 18; Ex parte Bollman, 4 Cranch, 75; Burford's Case, 3 Cranch, 348; Ex parte Siebold, 100 U. S., 371.

2. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court to issue or review cases of habeas corpus.-The court may issue the writ of habeas corpus in cases where it has appellate jurisdiction, in the exercise of such jurisdiction. Ex parte Siebold, 100 U. S., 371.

(1) While ordinarily the Supreme Court will not issue its writ in appellate proceedings to review the proceedings of a judge at chambers (In re Metzger, 5 How., 176), it will do so when the proceedings have been filed in the Circuit Court. Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall., 103. (2) And where the prisoner is held by an order beyond the authority of an inferior Federal court and