By his [Milton's] second wife he had only one daughter, of which the mother, the first year after her marriage, died in childbed, and the child also within a month after." Katherin Woodcocke married Milton on 12 November, 1656, and the child, according to the parish books of St. Margaret's, Westminster, was born 19 October, 1657. This date is given in the Museum Bible. Had Masson known of this Bible, he could even have given the exact day of death. "The Black Raven," 136, Bishopsgate Street Without, survives, like the curate's "in parts." Some few years ago it egg, could be distinguished, not by a hanging sign, but by a modern tessellated pavement at the entrance, bearing a large black raven. The probability, however, that it occupies the site of a more ancient house with the same sign is suggested by the circumstance of the upper portion containing, among other things, a very old-fashioned staircase, which I have not at present seen, and heavy beams of oak supporting the ceiling. My informant is Mr. Samuel Mossman, the owner, who is landlord also of "The Swan Hotel" at Stratford, E., and whose connexion with "The Black Raven has lasted over fifteen years. 66 There are slight differences in the wordings of some of the entries in the two Bibles. Here is another and important difference. "I am the book of Mary Milton," i.e. Mary Powell, Milton's first wife, is written, "in his wife's handwriting," in the Birch Bible. Mr. Mossman tells me that an old-fashThose words are not in the Museum Bible, ioned society called " Ye Olde White Dogs but on the inside of the back cover is was held there for many years, and at Yulewritten "Eliz. Elcock," and underneath time the chairman always gave the toast "Eliz. Salmon, Her Book' (apparently of the buxom lasses and merry wives of maiden and married names). Of Milton's Bishopsgate.' The "White Dogs at the third wife, Elizabeth, née Minshull, who same festive season distributed bread died in 1727, the same year as Mrs. and coal tickets among the poor inhabitants Foster, surviving Milton fifty-one years, of the surrounding district, a charity, supwe are told that she left all her effects, ported by many City merchants, which did after payment of debts, to her nephews and a vast amount of good, but which has now nieces. Among those effects was a large been removed to the Bishopsgate Institute Bible.' Possibly this was the Museum under a new name. Bible, which had been acquired by one of those nieces. 66 This Museum Bible was purchased from Thomas Kerslake in 1884. Masson's Life of Milton,' by the way, was published only three years previously. I naturally inquired of Dr. Warner whether Kerslake had given any details as to how the Bible had come into his possession. Dr. Warner kindly looked over all letters received from Kerslake during 1883 and 1884, but found nothing of the kind. Kerslake, who is now dead, wrote from Bristol. It would be extremely interesting to know its history. And perhaps some day the Bible described by Dr. Birch may come to light. J. S. S. BISHOPSGATE STREET WITHOUT. (See 11 S. ii. 246.) THE widening of this ancient thoroughfare begins at Lupinsky & Brandon's, tailors, Nos. 134 and 135, and will extend to Norton Folgate. It may be observed that the new 'Post Office Directory' includes Bishopsgate only, and has a note that Bishopsgate Within and Without have been amalgamated under the new title. There is a seventeenth century token extant of "The Black Raven," but I do not remember to have seen the sign noted by MR. MCMURRAY in his interesting lists of some of the " Signs of Old London." I have the remains of an old handbill, dated 1791, of "The Black Raven," 136, Bishopsgate Street Without. The landlord at that time was Alfred Love, who announces the perhaps not surprising fact that he was a direct importer and Bonder of all his wines and spirits, noted for Special Scotch and Irish Whiskies." A raven perched on a bough adorns this handbill. But why were the "White Dogs so named ? 66 Angel Alley, which stood between Nos. 137 and 138, but was swallowed up by the Great Eastern Railway Station about, I think, sixteen years ago, probably marked the site of "The Angel Inn in Bishopsgate Street, where the Parish Clerks, incorporated in 1232 by Henry III., kept their hall, that is, the first hall of the Fraternity; and by it was an almshouse for seven poor widows of deceased members. The Clerks kept the account of christenings, casualties, &c.,. and published the bills of mortality, among other privileges of their charter being exemption from parish duties in the parish wherein they officiated; they attended at funerals, and proceeded on foot before the corpse, singing, until they reached the church; they had also (probably at "The Angel ") public feasts, with music and song. Lamb Alley, formerly between Nos. 144 and 145, derived its name from a sign of "The Lamb Tavern"; and Sun Street, part of which still exists at the back of No. 144, though formerly it had a continuation through the opposite side of the street, also had its name from a sign of "The Sun." A token of "The Sun" in Bishopsgate Street, issued by W. I. A., probably relates to Bishopsgate Within, where there was a tavern of which Sun Yard marked the site : The tavern stands at the corner of Acorn Street, and was perhaps originally The Acorn." There certainly was, according to Dodsley, an Acorn sign here which gave its name to Acorn Street. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. SO towards the end of the seventeenth century, and their descendants may still be traced, I believe, in the sister isle. The traditional origin of the name is related in 'The Metal Mines of Ireland,' a paper read before the Royal Dublin Society by Mr. G. H. Kinehan on 24 March, 1886. Speaking of the co. Wicklow, the author says: This Bacon, an Englishman, came over and built works at Shillelagh. Before his time most of the charcoal was sent to Wales to be there used in the final working of iron. He, however, considered it would be more economical to import adventure was most successful, and at the time the pig iron than export the charcoal. of the Commission for examination into the state of timber in Ireland, he had amassed a sum child, a daughter, the bait was too seductive to of over one million pounds. Having only one noble house of Cholmondeley, who became Bacon's one of the Commissioners, a scion of the twice son-in-law and successor, relinquishing his heritage, and changing his name to Chamney. Although he changed his name during his life, and his descendants adopted the change, yet on his tomb in Carnew churchyard his real name and creased the trade, having works not only at lineage are given. The Chamneys greatly inShillelagh, where Bacon established the industry, but also in the Vale of Clara; at Bally-na-Clash or 'Clash' in Glenmalure; at Woodenbridgeand Aughrim, in the Vale of the Darragh Water, and elsewhere; besides innumerable bloomeries; his works popularly being said to have filled the county.' The Clash and Shillelagh iron was of very superior quality. Elsewhere in Ireland the iron trade gradually ceased, as the woods were exhausted, but here it seems to have come to a sudden and untimely end prior to 1761, on account of a fracas between Chamney and the English agent of the lord of the soil. Written information about the old ironworks is very hard to procure, as nearly all the Chamney papers appear to have been destroyed when the family were disof the Chamney hammer was a weather guide.' persed. Old people will tell you that the noise Also they know that the iron and ore was carried in baskets on horseback from Wicklow port, and from the different mines and the old horsetracks from the mines and Wicklow to the fur Sweetapple Court, at No. 157, was named, not after such a sign, but after Sir John Sweetapple, the owner (Dodsley's 'London'); but who he was, whether knight or baronet, or whether he had held the office of Alderman (he was not appa-naces can still be shown." rently a Mayor), I cannot say. Nearly twenty years ago I entered into correspondence with the late Rev. Joseph Chamney, D.D., Rector of Dromiskin, Armagh, with reference to the Chamney family, and we were able to piece together the following fragmentary genealogy. John Cholmondeley Ballard, co. Wicklow, and Ballynellot, co.. or Chamney of Wexford, born 1650, married circa 1686 Jane, daughter of Bacon, ironmaster of Shillelagh, and had issue a son Thomas and two daughters: Elizabeth, b. 1688, married Percival Hunt of Lara, co. Kildare; Anne, married Archer. He died 1733, and was buried at Carnew. CHAMNEY OR CHOLMONDELEY FAMILY. WHAT has been described as the "curt and absurd pronunciation of Cholmondeley as Chulmley or Chumley-the contraction of illiterate flunkeys," appears to have another variation, to wit, Chamney,' a hybrid which will not be found in the Patronymia Britannica.' A family of Chamney sprang up in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford 66 (1) Elizabeth, born 4 March, 1717; married, 1746, Edward Archer of Mount John, co. Wicklow. (2) Jane, born 1718, Aickin. (3) Esther, born 1719, Cusack. married William married Henry (4) Frances, born 1720, married Thomas Jones, patentee of the Theatre Royal, Dublin. (5) Catherine, born 1726, married Joseph Swan of Tombrean, co. Wicklow. (6) Susannah, born 1727, married John Blacker. Edward and Elizabeth Archer had with other issue a daughter Jane, who married in 1781 Dr. John Haughton, a Dublin physician. Dr. Haughton's second son was Sir Graves Chamney Haughton (1788–1849), Orientalist. In the 'D.N.B.' the latter's second Christian name is erroneously given as Champney. But Champney, of course, has nothing to do with Chamney, being derived from the French Champagnois," a native of Cham pagne. 66 The Rev. Joseph Chamney first drew my attention to the tradition that his family were a branch of the Cholmondeleys, and the romantic circumstances that had prompted the corruption of the surname. He, however, had not been able to verify the statement as to John Chamney's real name and lineage being inscribed on his tomb. It was only the other day that I myself was able to visit Carnew with this object in view. Unfortunately, I could not find this grave in the churchyard, nor was any official connected with the church forthcoming who might have assisted me. I have since discovered, however, that the Carnew inscriptions have been dealt with by the Association for the Preservation of the Memorials of the Dead in Ireland, and that the inscription I was in search of is given as follows :"Here lyeth the body of Jn° Chamney, Esq., who departed this life the 11th day of April, 1733, in the 84th year of his age."—Vol. vii. p. 205. "Sacred to the Memory of Joseph Chamney, Esq., of Ballyrahin, late Captain of the Coolattin Corps of Yeomany Infantry in the County of Wicklow. | On the 2nd day of July, 1798, and the 52nd year of his age, He was killed with his nephew a most amiable youth both fighting | the battles of their God and of their King in defence of their religion and their country. | In testimony of the high sense entertained of his many public and private virtues | which are indelibly graven on the hearts of his numerous and sorrowing friends they have erected this monument | A.D. 1806.” The nephew was Capt. Nickson of the Coolkenna Corps. The engagement was the last of three reverses, or "melancholy affairs," as the Protestant historians term them, which the King's troops suffered in this neighbourhood within a few days. It took place half-way between Tinnahely and Carnew. The Yeomanry after their repulse took refuge in Capt. Chamney's house at the foot of the hill, where under Capt. Morton and Lieut. Chamney, a son of the deceased, they sustained during fourteen hours the attacks of the rebels, who attempted repeatedly to fire the house. Some (particuRedmond, larly a large man from Gorey, named John advanced under a covering of feather-beds nicknamed Shaun Plunder) to the hall-door, with the design of applying a torch to it; but they were shot down in This incident is illustrated by Cruikshank in the attempt, despite this thick tegument. Maxwell's History of the Rebellion.' descended from another son of John ChamThe Ballyrahin Chamneys were probably ney, not included in the above pedigree. In Vicars's' Prerogative Wills of Ireland' there Joseph Chamney, The Forge, co. Wicklow, 1742." is 66 Colour is lent to the assertion that the original name of the family was Cholmondeley by the fact that they bore the same arms. Chamney silver-Irish silver of the early part of the eighteenth century-has passed through my hands, and it bears the Cholmondeley coat of arms and crest, which are also attached to the memorial to Capt. Chamney. What was the date of the "Commission for examination into the state of timber in Ireland," and where could the names of the Commissioners be seen? H. G. ARCHER. ANGLO-AMERICAN MAIL SERVICE: ITS BICENTENARY.-So many centenary and bicentenary celebrations of various kinds take place in these days that it is somewhat strange that none appears to be contemplated of one which would make a particularly wide and human appeal, that being | the bicentenary of the establishment of a regular Anglo-American mail service. The beginnings of such a service can be traced, of course, to the seventeenth century; but it was not until the closing months of the first decade of the eighteenth that these seem to have settled into the periodic. In The Daily Courant for 8 January, 1711, appeared the following: "Bristol, Jan. 6. This Day arriv'd here the Royal Anne Packet Boat, Captain Shorter, from NewYork, with a Mail of Letters from Her Majesty's Dominions on the Continent of America, which made her Passage from Bristol to New York in 50 Days, and her Passage home in 28 Days. This is the first Mail in return from the Continent since the erecting the Correspondence to and from this Kingdom and the said Continent." The information here given was supplemented by the subjoined advertisement, published in the same newspaper on the following 15 June, showing that this regular mail service had taken a firm hold upon the public: "For New York. late Packets have not duely kept their Cours, hath been occasioned by the Death of Sampson Mears, late Proprietor of the said Packets." More about this earliest Anglo-American periodic service is doubtless to be found, and would be welcome. ALFRED F. ROBBINS. SOUTH AFRICAN BIBLIOGRAPHY.-As so many readers of N. & Q.' are devoted to the study of bibliography, a note should be made of that valuable contribution, South African Bibliography,' by Mr. Sidney Mendelssohn, published by Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trübner & Co., the first volume of which contains an Introduction by Mr. I. D. Colvin. Mr. Mendelssohn has devoted the best part of eleven years to the compilation of his two noble volumes, the last five years having been almost entirely given to the work. The Bibliography was at first confined to the author's library of works relating to South Africa, but has been extended to other sources. His own collection he has left by his will to the Union Parliament of South Africa. He states in the preface, "It is not presented now, as I have by no means finished collecting"; and he is afraid that he could not work without his collection at hand. A. N. Q. SAMUEL RICHARDSON AND THE ENGLISH PHILOSOPHERS.-Richardson's novels contain numerous and characteristic references to the English philosophers. It is worth while to collect them, as they have not been noticed by his biographers. Lovelace, who has the greatest philosophical knowledge of any of Richardson's characters, refers once to the contents of Shaftesbury's Essay on the Freedom of Wit and Humour' ('Characteristicks,' vol. i, Treatise II.): "I always called another cause, when any of my libertine companions, in pursuance of Lord Shaftesbury's test (which is part of the rake's creed, and what I may call the whetstone of infidelity), endeavoured to turn the sacred subject into ridicule.”—' Clarissa', iii. 147, ed. 1902. Lovelace also mentions Shaftesbury's' Letter concerning Enthusiasm,' which contains an account of the French prophets (Characteristicks,' i. 26–8) :: "The Harley Packet-Boat from Bristol, Joseph Palmer, Commander, will be ready to Sail the last of this Instant June, (Wind and Weather permitting) with the Mail of Letters for the Continent of America, which will be taken in at the General Post-Office in London, or at any of the Post-Offices in Great-Britain, at any time between this and the last Day of this Instant June, 1711. And other Packets will be successively provided to depart monthly, with such Letters which shall be in the General Post-Office in London or Post-Office in Bristol, by the last Thursday in every Month. All Merchants and others, who have Occasion to send Goods or small Parcels, and are desirous to go as Passengers to New-York, New-England, Long-Island, Rhode-Island, East or West-Jersey, Pensilvania, Maryland, Virginia or Carolina, applying themselves to William Warren, or Jonathan Scarth_Merchants, at the 3 Crowns in Gracious-Street, London; or to Richard Champion, or Charles Hartford, Merchants, in Bristol, may be Accommodated on reasonable Terms. P. S. Note, That there are already Posts, and other In Sir Charles Grandison,' iii. 75-6, Conveyances, from New-York to the several abovementioned Places, And that the Reason why the is an allusion to the title of Shaftesbury's What we have been told of the agitations and workings, and sighings and sobbings of the French prophets among us formerly, was nothing at all to the scene exhibited by these maudlin souls, at the reading of these letters."-Clarissa,' vii. 301; also cp. Shaftesbury, edited by Hatch, i. 373–81. "I would have all these moralists, as they affect to call themselves, suffer by such libertine principles, as cannot be pursued, but in violation of the very first laws of morality." vol. ii. and viijd of lawfull money of Englande unto the above named John Granger, his executors, hereafter following, That is to say at the castyng administrators, or assignes, in maner and forme of such a bell as the foresaide Andrewe and John Kent shall deliver unto the said John Granger 53s. 4d., and within one twelvemonth and one day next after the castyng of the said bell other 53s. 4d., in full paiment of the foresaid some of £5 6s. 8d.-then this obligation to be void and of none effect; and if default of payment be made of and in either of the foresaid payments at either of the dayes above limited, in part or in all, contrary to the true intent and meanyng hereof, Then this obligation to stande in full strength and vertue." Lovelace refers once to B. de Mandeville's The Fable of the Bees; or, Private Vices, Public Benefits' : "At worst, I am entirely within my worthy friend Mandeville's assertion, that private vices are public benefits."- Clarissa,' vi. 3. Berkeley's dialogue Alciphron; or, The Minute Philosopher,' is mentioned in Sir Charles Grandison,' i. 281: He is thought to be a modern wit, you must know and to speak after an admirable writer, a minute philosopher." Richardson's numerous references to Locke's Some Thoughts concerning Education' in the sequel to 'Pamela' do not belong here. He does not seem to have read Locke's Essay concerning Human Understanding,' as the word idea," first made popular by Locke, does not occur in his novels. Richardson, in opposition to Locke, considers that there are innate ideas : "Principles that are in my mind; that I found there; implanted, no doubt, by the first gracious Planter."- Clarissa,' iv. 165. Aachen. H. G. WARD. BELLS AND BELL-FOUNDERS, C. 1560 : JOHN GRANGER.-I have just found on the Common Plea Roll for Michaelmas term, 9-10 Eliz. (1567), the following notes on the above subject, which I think should find a place in N. & Q.' 66 In the first entry Andrew Blease and John Kent, husbandmen, brought an action against John Granger of London, bellfounder (otherwise called John Graunger of Ightfelde, co. Salop, bell-founder), Humphrey Cole of Ightfelde, yoman," and Henry Hewes of London (otherwise Henry Hewes of Assheparva, co. Salop, yoman"), to recover a debt of 11l. This is a mere entry of adjournment, and no particulars are given; but the second entry relates to a cross suit in which John Kent of Olner, co. Chester, was summoned to answer the above John Granger or Graunger. It recites the following bond, dated 20 April, 1 Eliz. (1559):: The condition of this obligation is such that if the above-bounden Andrew Blese and John Kent or either of them, their executors, administrators, and assigns, or the executors, administrators, or assigns of either of them, well and truly content and pay or cause to be contented and paide the somme of fyve poundes syx shillinges I have looked up several authorities on bells and bell-founding, but not one of them mentions John Granger or Graunger as a founder. It seems possible that the bell alluded to was cast for a church at Olner in Cheshire, and that Andrew Blease and John Kent were churchwardens. HENRY R. PLOMER. 8, The Broadway, Hammersmith, W. LEGAL MACARONICS.-This term was very happily applied at 7 S. i. 346 to that curious and composite jargon called law an and French; instance from Dyer's Reports was given, in which a convicted ruffian ject un brickbat a le Justice, que narrowly mist." The reporter is not disturbed by the occurrence of a word which He simply puts it in he cannot translate. bodily. John Davis's Reports, temp. Jac. I., but In Le Case de Tanistry :- Chescun Custome ad un commencement, coment que le memorie del home ne extend a ceo; come le River Nilus ad un fountaine, coment que les Geographers ne poent trover ceo.' In the same case, a certain ordinance "accord ove le Divine Ordinance en le case de Zelophehad, Num. Cap. 27.” In Le Case del Royall Piscarie de la Banne: Auxy le Roy auera les grands poissons del Mer, Balenas & Sturgiones....et le Roy auera wilde Swans, come volatilia regalia." The reports of "Gulielme Bendloes, Serfurnish sonie jeant de la Ley," 1661, 19 Jac. I. macaronic writing also. In an action was brought for the invasion of a |