A much larger proportion of the females than of the males were married-35.6 per cent of the latter as against 49.4 per cent of the former. Of the native-born women, however, only 35 per cent were married, as opposed to 70 per cent of the foreign-born. This wide difference is due to several causes. The native-born were for the most part under 30 years of age and a considerable number under 20, whereas only slightly more than half of the foreign-born were under 30 years of age. These young women of native birth are largely employed in seasonal work such as hop picking, and live in the towns and cities much of the time. They conform to the rather high marriage age which prevails in this country. Immigrant women, on the other hand, migrated in many cases as wives, while those who immigrated as single women have had little opportunity to come in touch with American ideals in such matters, and hence tend to conform to the customs of their native land in this regard, which in most cases encourage early marriages. This is especially true of the south European races.

Since the Japanese women who come to this country are almost invariably wives of men already here, or "picture brides" to be married on their arrival, it is not strange that of the 78 females reported all but 2 were married. In the case of the Armenians, Canadians, and South Italians, smaller proportions of married women than the average for the foreign-born were reported.

The combined data with regard to conjugal condition for males and females are presented in the table following.

porting

com

plete data.

Such a large proportion of the agricultural laborers from whom data were secured were of races which are not eligible for naturalization that the data to be presented with regard to political condition include a relatively small number of persons. The information obtained from 477 individuals who had been in the United States five years or over, and who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming, is presented in the table following.

TABLE 29.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race of individual and length of residence.

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

Of the 477 persons reported, 276, or 57.9 per cent, were aliens, 85, or 17.8 per cent, had taken out first papers, and 116, or 24.3 per cent, were fully naturalized. Among those who had been in this country from five to nine years, 82 per cent were aliens, 11.5 per cent had taken out first papers, and 6.5 per cent second papers, as opposed to 37.7 per cent of aliens, 23.1 per cent with first papers, and 39.2 per cent with second papers among those who had been here ten years or over. A comparison of the various races brings out the fact that a greater proportion of the north European races have become citizens.

than of any other class, and that the least civic interest has been shown by the Mexicans, the South Italians, and the Portuguese. Of the north Europeans, 30.2 per cent were aliens, 30.2 per cent had taken out first papers, and 39.6 per cent were fully naturalized. Moreover, of those north Europeans who had resided in this country ten years or over, only 17.6 per cent were aliens, while 35.1 per cent had taken out first papers, and 47.3 per cent had taken out second papers. Of the 95 North Italians, 69, or 72.6 per cent, were aliens, 8 had first papers, and 18 second papers. Of the 49 South Italians, 36, or 73.5 per cent, were aliens, 7 had first papers, and only 6 were fully naturalized. Of the 12 Portuguese only 1 was naturalized. All of the Mexicans were aliens.