TABLE 26.-Location of wives of foreign-born employees, by race of husband.

A considerable majority of the agricultural laborers, from whom data were secured, are single men. Indeed, 62 per cent were single and 2.4 per cent widowed, leaving only 35.6 per cent who were married. However, 704 of those reported were under 20 years of age. If these are eliminated from the comparison, only 59 per cent of the remaining 8,704 males 20 years of age or over were single. About the same proportion of the foreign-born as of the native-born were single. However, of the 2,837 married immigrants only 645, or 22.7 per cent, reported their wives as living in the United States. Thus a much larger percentage of the foreign-born than of the native-born were living as single men. A large majority of the north Europeans were single, although most of them were 30 years of age or over. However, practically all of the married men of this group reported their wives as living in the United States. Most of the south Europeans also were unmarried, but a majority of them were under 30 years of age. Few of the married Greeks and North Italians had their wives with them in this country, but approximately four-fifths of the wives of the married South Italians and Portuguese were living in the United States. Of the Mexican males, more than half of whom were under 30 years of age, only 42.4 per cent were married and of these only one-half reported their wives in this country.

On the other hand, while somewhat less than one-half of the Japanese were under 30 years of age, only 34.4 per cent were married,

and of these only 11.2 per cent had their wives with them in the United States. The corresponding percentages for the Koreans were 53.8 and 14.1. The situation among the Chinese is unique in this regard. Four-fifths of the members of this race who reported data were 45 years of age or over, yet only 51.5 per cent were married, and of these only 7, or 3.7 per cent, reported their wives as living in this country. Of the East Indians approximately one-half were under 30 years of age and 46.1 per cent were married. No member of this race was accompanied by his wife.

From these facts it is clear that with regard to conjugal condition, the natives and the North Europeans are the most "settled" type of labor. As was pointed out earlier in the discussion, members of this race group are used most generally as regular ranch hands, under conditions which make the establishment of a family possible. The same is true of many of the older immigrants from south Europe, especially the North Italians and the Portuguese, who for the most part work for farmers of their own race and are regularly employed throughout the year. However, a considerable number of the members of these races are of the migratory class, leading a life that does not encourage marriage or domestic life.

On the other hand, the great majority of the Japanese and East Indians are migratory laborers without families or home ties in this country. This is especially true of the East Indians who are the most recent addition to the labor supply, and none of whom have families here, but it is also true of the Japanese and Koreans. These races are easily shifted from place to place as they are needed for harvesting the ripening crops, but they live and work together in groups of the same race, and usually do not become a permanent part of the population in the communities where they work, unless they leave the wage-earning class and become tenant farmers. The tendency to become tenant farmers has been noteworthy among the Japanese laborers of several districts within the last few years, the desire to obtain a permanent residence being one of the reasons explaining the rapid advance they have made in this direction.

The conjugal condition of female employees is shown in the table next presented.

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plete data.