any difference. It is simple truth to say that such over-estimates seem to have been quite common on both sides. I shall be personally obliged to any one, no matter on what side he served, who will furnish me with trustworthy data for the correction of any misstatement embodied in this work. If such correction shall dictate a revision of any harsh judgment on friend or foe, it will be received and conformed to with profound gratitude. My convictions touching the origin, incitements, and character, of the War from which we have so happily emerged, are very positive, being the fruits of many years' almost exclusive devotion to National affairs; but my judgments as to occurrences and persons are held subject to modification upon further and clearer presentments of facts. It is my purpose to revise and correct the following pages from day to day as new light shall be afforded; and I ask those who may feel aggrieved by any statement I shall herein have given to the public, to favor me with the proofs of its inaccuracy. Unwilling to be drawn into controversy, I am most anxious to render exact justice to each and all. The subject of Reconstruction (or Restoration) is not within the purview of this work, and I have taken pains to avoid it so far as possible. The time is not yet for treating it exhaustively, or even historically; its importance, as well as its immaturity, demand for its treatment thoughtful hesitation as well as fullness of knowledge. Should I be living when the work is at length complete, I may submit a survey of its nature, progress, and results: meantime, I will only avow my undoubting faith that the same Divine Benignity which has guided our country through perils more palpable if not more formidable, will pilot her safely, even though slowly, through those which now yawn before her, and bring her at last into the haven of perfect Peace, genuine Fraternity, and everlasting Union-a Peace grounded on reciprocal esteem; a Fraternity based on sincere, fervent love of our common country; and a Union cemented by hearty and general recognition of the truth, that the only abiding security for the cherished rights of any is to be found in a full and hearty recognition of Human Brotherhood as well as State sisterhood-in the establishment and assured maintenance of All Rights for All. New York, July 21, 1866. H. G. INDEX BY CHAPTERS. II. Missouri and Arkansas in 1862...... 26 Price returns to Missouri-Guerrilla Operations- Rains and Stein routed--Capture of Milford-Price retreats to Arkansas-Sigel's Retreat from Benton- ville-Battle of Pea Ridge-Rebels defeated-The War among the Indians-Fight at the Cache- Guerrilla operations-Fight at Newtonia-Hind- man driven into Arkansas Cooper routed at Maysville Battle of Prairie Grove, III. Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama in Battle of Mill Spring-Capture of Fort Henry- Naval Bombardment of Fort Donelson-Gen. Pil- low's Sortie-Countercharge of Lew Wallace and C. F. Smith-Escape of Floyd and Pillow-Surren- der by Buckner-Retreat of Sidney Johnston from the Cumberland across the Tennessee-Nashville recovered-Columbus, Ky.-New Madrid-Island No. 10-Fort Pillow-Memphis-First Siege of Vicksburg-Grant moves up the Tennessee to Pitts- burg Landing-Sidney Johnston advances from Corinth, Mias-Assails Grant's front near Shiloh Church-Sherman and McClernand driven-Grant borne back-Buell and Lew Wallace arrive-The IV. Burnside's Expedition to N. Carolina. 73 Roanoke Island carried-Elizabeth city submits- Defenses of Newbern stormed-Newbern surren- dered-Fort Macon reduced-Fight at South Mills -Foster advances to Kinston-Fails to carry V. Butler's Expedition to the Gulf-Cap- Gen. B. F. Butler concentrates 15,000 men on Ship 81 Obatinate Delays--The Routes to Richmond-Bat- tle of Kernstown-Raid of the Iron-clad Merrimac er Virginia in Hampton Roads-McClellan on the Peninsula-Siege of Yorktown-Battle of Williams- burg-Fight at West Point- Advance to the Chicka- hominy Recovery of Norfolk-Strength of our Armies McClellan's Complaints-Fight at Mc- Dowell-Jackson surprises Front Royal-Banks driven through Winchester to the Potomac-Jack- son retreats-Fremont strikes Ewell at Cross-Keys -Jackson crosses the South Fork at Port Repub- Fitz John Porter worsts Branch at Mechanicsville Swamp Bridge-Rebels attack, and are repelled PAGE VIII. Gen. Pope's Virginia Campaign......172 Pope appointed to command the forces of Fremont, Banks, and McDowell-Advances to the Rapidan- Banks worsted by Jackson at Cedar Mountain- Pope retreats across the Rappahannock-Jackson flanks his right-Strikes the Railroad in his rear at Bristow-Seizes Manassas Junction-Compelled to retreat Longstreet hurrying to his rescue- Jackson worsts King-Two Days' Battle of Gaines- ville and Groveton, or Second Bull Run - Pope driven back on Centerville Jackson flanks his right, and attacks Kearny at Chantilly-Pope re- treats to the defenses of Washington, and gives place to McClellan-His Losses--McClellan's fail- ure to support Pope-His Correspondence with IX. Lee's Invasion of Maryland in 1862..193 McClellan crosses the Potomac, and advances to Frederick Address to Maryland-McClellan fol- lows to Frederick-Lee's plans discovered-He is intent on the capture of Harper's Ferry-McClellan fights and beats his rear-guard at Turner's Gap- Franklin drives Howell Cobb out of Crampton's Gap-Miles surrenders Harper's Ferry, with 12,000 men, to Stonewall Jackson McClellan follows Lee to the Antietam-Battle of Antietam or Sharps. burg-Losses-Lee retreats across the Potomac- Porter follows-McClellan hesitates to pursue - X. Tennessee-Kentucky-Mississippi- Bragg crosses the Tennessee and Cumberland- Kirby Smith routs M. D. Manson and Nelson at Richmond, Ky. Bragg captures 4,000 men at Munfordsville-Advances to Frankfort, and inau- gurates Richard Hawes as Governor of Kentucky- Buell follows him from the Tennessee to Bardstown and Springfield-Battle of Perryville-Bragg re- treats out of Kentucky by Cumberland Gap Rose- erans fights Price at fuka-Price retreats to Ripley, Miss.-Van Dorn assails Rosecrans at Corinth-Is XI. Slavery in the War-Emancipation...232 Patrick Henry on Federal Power over Slavery- Edmund Randolph-John Quincy Adams-Joshua R. Giddings Mr. Lincoln-Gov. Seward-Gen. Butler-Gen. Fremont-Gen. T. W. Sherman-Gen. Wool-Gen. Dix-Gen. Halleck-Gen. Cameron- His Report revised by President Lincoln-Seward to McClellan-Gen. Burnside-Gen Buell-Gen. Hooker-Gen. Sickles-Gen, McCook-Gen. Double- day-Gen. Williams-Col. Anthony-Gen. Hunter -Överruled by the President-Gen. McClellan on the Negro-Horace Greeley to Lincoln-The Re- sponse-Do, to the Chicago Clergymen-Lincoln's First Proclamation of Freedom-The Elections of 1862-Second Proclamation of Freedom-Edward Everett on its Validity. XII. Slavery and Emancipation in Congress. 256 E. R. Potter on Emancipation by War-Lincoln for colonizing the Blacks-Congress forbids Mill- tary Officers returning Fugitives from Slavery- Abolishes Slavery in the District of Columbia- Lincoln proposes, and Congress enacts, Compen- sated Emancipation-Prohibits Slavery in the Ter- ritories-Confiscates the Slaves of Rebels--Opens Diplomatic Intercourse with Liberia and Hayti- Requires Equality in Education and Punishment between Whites and Blacks-Right of Search on the African Coast conceded-Fugitive Slave Act repealed-Confinement of suspected Slaves in Fed- eral Jails forbidden-Coastwise Slave-Trade for- bidden-Color no Impediment to giving Testimony. XIII. Rosecrans's Winter Campaign, 1862-3.270 The Army of the Ohio at Bowling Green-Reorgan- ized by Rosecrans-Morgan's Raids-Surprise of Moore at Hartsville- Our Advance from Nash- ville-Battle of Stone River, near Murfreesboro'- XIV. Siege and Capture of Vicksburg....286 Position and Importance of Vicksburg-Grant moves against it from Lagrange-Advances to Oxford, Miss.-Van Dorn captures Holly SpringsMurphy's Cowardice Grant compelled to fall back-Hovey and Washburn on the ColdwaterGen. Wm. T. Sherman embarks 30,000 men at Memphis Debarks on the Yazoo, north of Mem phis Com. Porter's Gunboats-Sherman storms the Yazoo Bluffs-Repulsed at all points with heavy loss-Attempts to flank by Drumgould's Bluff-Is baffled-Superseded by Gen. McClernand -Who invests and captures the Post of ArkansasGen. Grant assumes command-Debarks-Digging the Canal-Proves an Abortion-Yazoo Pass Expedition-Stopped at Greenwood-Compelled to return-Grant tries the Sunflower route-Baffled again-The Queen of the West raids up Red River -Disabled and abandoned-The Indianola captured by the Webb and Queen of the West-The Indianola blown up in a panic-The Webb flees up Red River Grant moves down the MississippiCom. Porter runs the Vicksburg Batteries-Grierson's Raid to Baton Rouge-Porter attacks the Batteries at Grand Gulf-Grant crosses at Bruinsburg -Sherman feints on Haines's Bluff-Crosses the Mississippi at Hankinson's Ferry-Fight at Port Gibson Fight at Raymond-Fight at and capture of Jackson-Battle of Champion Hills-Fight at the Big Black-Haines's Bluff abandoned-Vicksburg invested-General Assault repulsed-The Siege vigorously pressed-Pemberton calls a parley-Surrenders-Grant drives Jo. Johnston from Jackson-Fight at Milliken's Bend-Holmes assails Helena, and is routed. XV. Texas and Louisiana in 1863-Capture of Port Hudson.. ..322 Galveston-Retaken by Com. Renshaw-Surprised by Magruder, and carried-Our Fleet disabled and beaten-Disaster at Sabine Pass-The Alabama captures the Hatteras-Gen. Banks in command at New Orleans-Clearing the Atchafalays Fight at Carney's Bridge-Farragut passes the Batteries at Port Hudson-Banks returns to Berwick's Bay-Advances to Opelousas and Alexandria, La-Moves thence to Bayou Sara, and crosses the Mississippi--Invests Port HudsonCombined Attack on its Defenses-Repulsed with a loss of 2,000-Bank. presses the Siege-Second Attack-The Rebel supplies exhausted-Gardner surrenders-Dick Taylor surprises Brashear City -Fighting at Donaldsonville-Franklin attacks Sabine Pass, and is beaten off-Dana surprised at Morganzia Burbridge surprised near Opelousas -Gen. Banks embarks for the Rio Grande-Debarks at Brazos Santiago, and takes Brownsville -Capture of Aransas Pass and Pass Cavallo Fort Esperanza abandoned-Indianola in our handsBanks returns to New Orleans. XVI. Army of the Potomac under Burnside and Hooker-Fredericksburg Gen. Burnside in command in Virginia-Crosses the Rappahannock-Attacks Lee's Army, strongly posted on the Southern Heights-Is repulsed with heavy loss-Recrosses the River-A fresh Advance arrested by the President-The Mud March -Rebel Raids in Virginia-Burnside gives place to Hooker-Stoneman's Raid on Lee's rearHooker crosses the Rappahannock, and advances to Chancellorsville-His right wing turned and shattered by Jackson-Pleasanton checks the Enemy-Jackson mortally wounded-Desperate fighting around Chancellorsville-Hooker stunned Our Army recoils-Sedgwick storms Marye's Heights--Strikes Lee's Rear--Is driven across the River-Hooker récrosses also-Stoneman's Raid a Failure Longstreet assails Peck at Suffolk-Is beaten off with loss. XVII. Lee's Army on Free Soil-Gettysburg. .367 Lee silently flanks Hooker's right, and moves northward-Cavalry Fight near Fairfax-Milroy, at Winchester, surprised and driven over the Potomac, with heavy loss-Cavalry encounters along the Blue Ridge-Jenkins raids to Chambersburg-Lee crosses the Potomac-Hooker and Halleck at odds-Hooker relieved-Meade in command-Ewell at York-Collision of vanguards at Gettysburg-Reynolds killed-UnionIsts outnumbered and driven-Howard halts on Cemetery Hill-Sickles comes up-Hancock takes command-Meade arrives-Both Armies concen trated-Sickles driven back with loss-Rebel Advance checked-Night falls-Rebel Grand Charge led by Pickett-Terribly repulsed-Lee retreatsHeavy losses-Feeble pursuit by Sedgwick-Lee halts at Williamsport-Meade hesitates-Lee gets across the Potomac-Kilpatrick routs the Rebel rear-guard-Meade crosses at Berlin, and moves down to the Rappahannock-Fight at Manassas Gap Dix's Advance on Richmond-Pleasanton crosses the Rapidan-Lee flanks Meade, who retreats to Centerville-Warren worsts A. P. Hill -Lee retires across the Rappahannock-Imboden surprises Charlestown-Gen. D. A. Russell storms Rappahannock Station, capturing 1,600 prisoners -Meade crosses the Rapidan Affair of Mine Run-Toland's raid to Wytheville-Averill's to Lewisburg-Fight at Droop Mountain. PAGE XVIII. The Chattanooga Campaign........404 Morgan's Raid through Kentucky into Indiana and Ohio-He is surrounded, routed, and captured -His Imprisonment and Escape-Rosecrans advances from Murfreesboro' by Shelbyville and Tullahoma, to the Tennessee at BridgeportBragg flanked out of Chattanooga-Rosecrans eagerly pursues--Bragg concentrates at Lafayette, and turns upon his pursuers-Rosecrans concentrates on the Chickamauga-Desperate battle there -Rosecrans, worsted, retreats to Chattanooga-Losses-Rosecrans superseded-Pegram's raid into Kentucky-Saunders's into East TennesseeBurnside crosses the Cumberland MountainsKnoxville liberated-Burnside retakes Cumberland Gap, with 2,000 prisoners-Longstreet impelled by Bragg against him-Wolford struck at Philadelphia, Tenn.-Fight at Campbell's StationBurnside withdraws into Knoxville-Longstreet besieges and assaults-Is repulsed with lossRaises the Siege and retreats-Grant relieves Rosecrans-Hooker and Slocum hurried to the Tennessee-Wheeler's and Roddy's raids-Grant reaches Chattanooga Hooker crosses the TennesseeFight at Wauhatchie-Sherman arrives from Vicksburg-Grant impels attacks on Bragg by Granger, Hooker, and Sherman-Hooker carries Lookout Mountain-Bragg, on Mission Ridge, attacked from all sides and routed-His BulletinHooker pursues to Ringgold-Cleburne checks him in a gap in White Oak Ridge Sherman and Granger dispatched to Knoxville-Losses at Mission Ridge. XIX. The War in Missouri and Arkansas, in 1863. .446 Marmaduke attacks Springfield, Mo.-Is repulsed XX. The Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida PAGE XXI. The Political History of 1863......484 Lord Lyons on Democratic 'Peace'-Spring Elec- XXII Negro Soldiery..... .511 Negroes in the Revolutionary Armies-Royal At- XXIII. The War along the Coast in 1864..528 XXIV. The War beyond the Mississippi in 1864.... ..536 Banks in New Orleans-Porter's Fleet in the Mississippi-Captures Fort De Russy-Our Army and Fleet advance to Alexandria-Both move up Red River-Banks presses on toward Shreve port-Col. Gooding's Fight-Our Advance routed by Kirby Smith at Sabine Cross-Roads-Emory checks the Rebel Pursuit at Pleasant GroveFierce and indecisive Battle at Pleasant HillBanks retreats to Grand Ecore-Porter works and fights his way down the River-Banks fights and drives Bee at Cane River-Return of Army and Fleet to Alexandria-Lt. Col. Bailey engineers our Yessels over the Rapids-Union Loss of three Vela at Dunn's Bayou-Texas Const Dearly abandoned-Banks retreats to Simmsport -Fight at Mansura-Cotton Operations on Red River Steele's Advance from Little RockFight at Prairie d'Anne-Steele enters Camden -Union Disaster at Marks's Mills-Steele retreats-Attacked by Kirby Smith at Jenkins's Ferry Rebels repulsed-Steele, burning his Trains, escapes to Little Rock-Gen. Carr worsts Shelby at St. Charles-Col. Brooks fights Dobbins at Big Creek-Shelby captures the 54th Illinois Union State Convention in ArkansasSteele's Inefficiency-Rosecrans in command in Missouri-Arrests the Chiefs of the Sons of Liberty Price's last Invasion-Hugh Ewing withstands him at Pilot Knob-Retreats to RollaRebel uprising-Price threatens St. Louis-Appears before Jefferson City-Gen. Mower follows him from Arkansas-Rebels capture GlasgowPrice at Lexington-Fights Blunt on the Little Blue-Fights Curtis on the Big Blue-Escapes Bouthward, by Little Santa Fe-Pleasanton routs him on the Little Osage-Blunt routs him at Newtonis-Curtis chases him to Fayetteville, Ark. XXV. Gen. Grant's Advance on Richmond. 562 Grant made Lieutenant-General-His Concep- pushes on to Spottsylvania C. H.-Heavy, indecisive fighting-Hancock storms the Enemy's Lines, capturing Maj.-Gen. Ed. Johnson and 3,000 Men-Sheridan's Raid to RichmondDeath of J. E. B. Stuart-Butler moves against Richmond by the James-W. F. Smith fights D. H. Hill at Port Walthall Junction-Beauregard arrives from Charleston-Attacks Butler on the James-More Fighting there-Kautz's first Raid -Three Union Gunboats blown up-Grant moves by his Left to the North Anna-Hancock and Wright across-Burnside repulsed-Fighting on both Wings-Lee's Position impregnable -Grant moves by his Left to the Chickahominy -Reenforced by W. F. Smith from Butler's Position-Bloody Repulse at Cold Harbor-Sheridan's Raid to Louisa C. H.-Grant moves by his Left across the James, below Richmond-Recrosses for his Overland Advance-Butler impels Gillem and Kautz against Petersburg-W. F. Smith's Corps follows-Failures to carry itGeneral Assault repulsed-Meade's costly Advance to the Weldon Railroad-Wilson's and Kautz's expensive Raid to Burkesville-Butler pontoons the James--Sheridan fights on the Peninsula-Miles carries an Outpost at Deep Bottom--Burnside's Mine - Hancock on our Left, Gregg on our Right, advance, and are both worsted-Warren seizes and holds the Weldon Railroad-Hill defeats Hancock at Reams's Station-Warren advances to and over the Squirrel Level Road-Butler assaults and carries Fort Harrison-Field fails to retake it-Meade advances to Hatcher's Run-Egan routs HethHancock repels Wade Hampton-Hancock retires-Losses of the Campaign-Criticisms. XXVI. West Virginia and North of the Rapidan in 1864... PAGK ..598 Sam Jones captures Beers at Jonesville-Rosser takes Petersburg-Averill hits him at Springfield-Sigel's defeat at Newmarket-Averill worsted at Wytheville-Crook's Fight near Dublin Station-Hunter's victory at PiedmontHe takes Staunton, and advances to Lynchburg -Retreats across the Alleghanies-Early chases Sigel out of Virginia--Wallace beaten on the Monocacy Early threatens WashingtonWright repulsed by Early-Avery worsted near Winchester-Early defeats Crook-Chambersburg burned by McCausland-Col. Stough routed at Oldtown-Sheridan appointed to command-Beats Early at Opequan- Routs him at Fisher's Hill--Devastates the ValleyThe Richmond Whig on Retaliation Early surprises Crook at Cedar Creek-Sheridan transforms defeat into victory-Losses. XXVII. Between Virginia and the Mississippi, 1863-4... ....615 Phillips's Raid to Grenada-McPherson ad- XXVIII. Sherman's Atlanta Campaign.....625 Strength of Sherman's and Jo. Johnston's Ar- The Confederate Navy-Their Torpedoes- XXX. Political Mutations and Results- State Elections reflect the varying phases of XXXI. Hood's Tennessee Campaign.....677 XXXII. Sherman's Great March.........689 His Army in Northern Georgia-Concentrated at Atlanta-He moves southward - Fight at Lovejoy's-Kilpatrick before Macon-Slocum at Milledgeville-Howard at SandersvilleKilpatrick at Waynesboro'-Fights WheelerBlair at Millen-Hazen at Statesboro'-Fight at the Ogeechee-Blair crosses at Fort ArgyleSlocum crosses at Louisville-Sherman approaches Savannah-Hazen storms Fort McAllister-Sherman hears from Foster and Dahlgren-Starts for Hilton Head-Hardee evacuates Savannah-Sherman's losses and captures in Georgia-Correspondence with Lincoln-Dana's, Davidson's, and Grierson's Raids-Grierson's Victory at Egypt-Hatch worsted at Honey Hill-Foster occupies Pocotaligo-Sherman enters South Carolina-Pushes for the EdistoHorrible Roads-Fight near Branchville-Kilpatrick at Aiken-Blair fights and wins near Orangeburg-Fight at the Congaree-Hood's remnant, under Cheatham, paes our left-Columbia surrendered-Great Conflagration-Sherman's and Wade Hampton's accounts of itHardee evacuates Charleston and its defenses -Pollard's account of its devastation -Our Flag raised on Forts Sumter, Ripley, and Pinckney-Sherman's Foraging-His Bummers?Fight at Williston's Station-Atkins's repulse -Sherman at Winnsboro-Blair at CherawOccupies Fayetteville, N. C.-Hampton surprises Kilpatrick-Is beaten off-Slocum attacked by Hardee at Averysboro'-Rebels recoil -Jo. Johnston strikes Slocum at BentonvilleIndecisive Fighting-Johnston decamps-Sherman enters Goldsboro- Butler and Weitzel's Expedition to Fort Fisher-The Powder ShipPorter's Bombardment-Butler returns to the James-Grant dissatisfied-Expedition sent back under Terry-Fort Fisher invested-Bom XXXIII. The Repossession of Alabama...716 XXXIV. Fall of Richmond - End of the ...724 XXXV. Death of President Lincoln-Peace. 746 The President at City Point-He enters Rich- |