Fatigue and Efficiency: A Study in IndustryCharities publication committee, 1912 - 893 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
61st Congress accidents anæmia average Berlin blood British Sessional Papers Bureau of Labor cause cent Congress of Hygiene contractions cotton mills Court dangerous diseases effects efficiency eight-hour eight-hour day employed employers employment of women energy enforcement excessive exertion exhaustion experience fact Factory Inspectors fatigue female GERMANY girls glycogen greater hours of labor human Hygiene Hygiene and Demography increase industrial injurious ITALY Jena less limit long hours machine machinery Maggiora manufacture Massachusetts ment mental mills monotony morbidity mortality Mosso muscle muscular nerve nervous system neurasthenia night normal number of hours occupations operators organism OTTO DAMMER output overfatigue overstrain overtime overwork oxygen Pages period physical physicians physiological poison production reduced Report rest scientific management shorter sick Sidney Webb speed statistics strain ten-hour textile tion tissue toxin trades Travail United University of Turin wages week workday workers workman Württemberg York
Pasajes populares
Página 15 - A prohibition simply upon the use of property for purposes that are declared, by valid legislation, to be injurious to the health, morals, or safety of the community, cannot, in any just sense, be deemed a taking or an appropriation of property for the public benefit.
Página 15 - ... particularly when done standing, the influence of vigorous health upon the future well-being of the race, the self-reliance which enables one to assert full rights, and in the capacity to maintain the struggle for subsistence. This difference justifies a difference in legislation and upholds that which is designed to compensate for some of the burdens which rest upon her.
Página 15 - The state still retains an interest in his welfare, however reckless he may be. The whole is no greater than the sum of all the parts, and when the individual health, safety, and welfare are sacrificed or neglected the state must suffer.
Página 15 - But the fact that both parties are of full age and competent to contract does not necessarily deprive the State of the power to interfere where the parties do not stand upon an equality, or where the public health demands that one party to the contract shall be protected against himself.
Página 561 - The general right to make a contract in relation to his business is part of the liberty of the individual protected by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Federal Constitution.
Página 562 - This is especially true when the burdens of motherhood are upon her. Even when they are not, by abundant testimony of the medical fraternity continuance for a long time on her feet at work, repeating this from day to day, tends to injurious effects upon the body, and as healthy mothers are essential to vigorous offspring, the physical well-being of woman becomes an object of public interest and care in order to preserve the strength and vigor of the race.
Página 560 - State, but an unreasonable, unnecessary, and arbitrary' interference with the right and liberty of the individual to contract in relation to his labor, and as such was in conflict with, and void under, the Federal Constitution.
Página 15 - ... engage in ordinary employments more than eight hours per day without injury to their health, it does not follow that labor for the same length of time is innocuous when carried on beneath the surface of the earth, where the operative is deprived of fresh air and sunlight, and is frequently subjected to foul atmosphere and a very high temperature, or to the influence of noxious gases, generated by the processes of refining or smelting.
Página 561 - At the same time, when a question of fact is debated and debatable, and the extent to which a special constitutional limitation goes is affected by the truth in respect to that fact, a widespread and long continued belief concerning it is worthy of consideration. We take judicial cognizance of all matters of general knowledge.
Página 558 - A trial resulted in a verdict against the defendant, who was sentenced to pay a fine of $10. The Supreme Court of the State affirmed the conviction (48 Ore. 252), whereupon the case was brought here on writ of error. The single question is the constitutionality of the statute under which the defendant was convicted so far as it affects the work of a female in a laundry. That it does not conflict with any provisions of the State constitution is settled by the decision of the Supreme Court of the State.