SEC. 6. Any person guilty of sedition as defined in section 5 hereof shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding five thousand dollars and by imprisonment not exceeding ten years, or both.

(Sections 5 and 6 of the act of the Philippine Commission No. 292 are reenactments, with modified penalties, of articles 236 and 237 of the reform penal code of Spain, in force in the Philippines at the time of the transfer of sovereignty. Said articles of the Spanish code are as follows:

"ART. 236. Those who shall rise publicly and tumultuously in order to attain by force or outside of legal methods any of the following objects are guilty of sedition:

"1. To prevent the promulgation or execution of laws, or the free holding of popular elections in any province, circumscription, or electoral district.

"2. To prevent any authority, corporation, official, or public officer from freely exercising his duties or the execution of his official or administrative orders.

"3. To wreak any deed of hate or revenge upon the person or property of any authority or its agents.

SEC. 5519. If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire, or go in disguise on the highway or on the premises of another, for the purpose of depriving, either directly or indirectly, any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws, or of equal privileges and immunities under the laws; or for the purpose of preventing or hindering the constituted authorities of any State or Territory from giving or securing to all persons within such State or Territory the equal protection of the laws; each of such persons shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment, with or without hard labor, not less than six months nor more than six years, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

"4. To wreak, with a political or social object, any deed of hate or revenge upon individuals or upon any class in the State.

"5. To despoil, with a political or social object, any class of persons, the municipality, the province, or the State of all or any part of their property, or to lay waste or destroy such property.

"ART. 237. Those who, by inciting the seditious and making them resolute, shall have promoted and supported sedition, and its principal leaders, shall be punished with the penalty of reclusión temporal should they be included in any of the cases specified in the first paragraph of No. 2 of article 174, and with that of prision mayor should they not be included in any of these."

See Trans. Penal Code for the Philippines, Div. of Ins. Affrs., War Dept.)

SEC. 7. All persons conspiring to commit the crime of sedition shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both.

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SEC. 5337. Every person who recruits soldiers or sailors within the United States to engage in armed hostility against the same, or who opens within the United States a recruiting station for the enlistment of such soldiers or sailors to serve in any manner in armed hostility against the United States, shall be fined not less than two hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, and imprisoned not less than one year nor more than five years.

SEC. 5338. Every soldier or sailor enlisted or engaged within the United States with intent to serve in armed hostility against the same, shall be punished by a fine of one hundred dollars, and by imprisonment not less than one year nor more than three years.

SEC. 1342, Art. 19, p. 232, U. S. Rev. Stats. Any officer who uses contemptuous or disrespectful words against the President, the Vice-President, the Congress of the United States, or the chief magistrate or legislature of any

Act No. 292 Philippine Commis

sion.

SEC. 8. Every person who shall utter seditious words or speeches, write, publish, or circulate scurrilous libels against the Government of the United States or the insular government of the Philippine Islands or which tend to disturb or obstruct any lawful officer in executing his office, or which tend to instigate others to cabal or meet together for unlawful purposes, or which suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies or riots, or which tend to stir up the people against the lawful authorities or to disturb the peace of the community, the safety and order of the Government, or who shall know

of the United States in which he is quartered, shall be dismissed from the service or otherwise punished, as a court-martial may direct. Any soldier who so offends shall be punished as a courtmartial may direct.

SEC. 1342, Art. 22. Any officer or soldier who begins, excites, causes, or joins in any mutiny or sedition, in any troop, battery, company, party, post, detachment, or guard, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a courtmartial may direct.

SEE. 1342, Art. 23. Any officer or soldier who, being present at any mutiny or sedition, does not use his utmost endeavor to suppress the same, or having knowledge of any intended mutiny or sedition, does not, without delay, give information thereof to his commanding officer, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.

SEC. 1624, Art. 8, provides: "Such punishment as a courtmartial may adjudge may be inflicted on any person in the Navy who * **utters any seditious or mutinous words:"

Code of Tennessee.

SEC. 5555. Whoever shall be guilty of uttering seditious words or speeches, spreading abroad false news, writing or dispersing scurrilous libels against the State or General Government, disturbing or obstructing any lawful officer in executing his office, or of instigating others to cabal and meet together, to contrive, invent, suggest or incite rebellious conspiracies, riots, or any manner of unlawful feud or differences, thereby to stir people up maliciously to contrive the ruin and destruction of the peace, safety, and order of the Government, or shall knowingly conceal such evil practices, shall be punished by fine and im

ingly conceal such evil practices, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both in the discretion of the court.

(This section was probably drafted by Hon. Luke E. Wright, acting governor of the Philippines, who formerly practiced law in Tennessee. Being familiar with the statutes of that State, he naturally adopted the language employed by the Tennessee legislature in creating an enactment of similar character.)

prisonment at the discretion of the court and jury trying the case, and may be compelled to give good and sufficient sureties for his or her good behavior during the court's pleasure, and shall be incapable of bearing any office of honor, trust, or profit in the State government for the space of three years. It shall be the duty of the judge to give this in charge to the grand jury, and no prosecutor shall be required to an indictment under this article.

(See sec. 5555, Code of Tennessee, Milliken & Vertrees, 1884.) Rev. Stats. of the United States.

SEC. 2111. Every person who sends any talk, speech, message or letter to any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or individual, with an intent to produce a contravention or infraction of any treaty or law of the United States, or to disturb the peace and tranquillity of the United States, is liable to a penalty of two thousand dollars.

SEC. 2112. Every person who carries or delivers any talk, message, speech, or letter, intended to produce a contravention or infraction of any treaty or law of the United States, or to disturb the peace or tranquillity of the United States, knowing the contents thereof, to or from any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or individual, from or to any person or persons whatever, residing within the United States, or from or to any subject, citizen, or agent of any foreign power or State is liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars.

SEC. 2113. Every person who carries on a correspondence, by letter or otherwise, with any foreign nation or power, with an intent to induce such foreign nation or power to excite any Indian nation, tribe, chief, or individual, to war against the United States, or to the violation of any existing treaty; or who alienates, or attempts to alienate, the confidence of any Indian or Indians from the

Act No. 292, Philippine Commis

sion.

SEC. 9. All persons who shall meet together for the purpose of forming or who shall form any secret society or who shall after the passage of this act continue membership in a society already formed, having for its object, in whole or in part, the promotion of treason, rebellion, or sedition, or the promulgation of any political opinion or policy shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.

Government of the United States, is liable to a penalty of one thousand dollars.

Revised Statutes of Florida.

2376. Exciting insurrection. If any person shall excite an insurrection or sedition amongst any portion or class of the population of this State, or shall attempt by writing, speaking, or by any other means, to excite such insurrection or sedition, the person or persons so offending shall be punished by imprisonment in the State prison not exceeding twenty years.

Penal Code of West Virginia (Chapter CXLIII).

SEC. 4. If any person shall attempt to justify or uphold an armed invasion of this State or an organized insurrection therein, by speaking, writing, or printing, or by publishing or circulating any written or printed document, or in any other way whatever, during the continuance of such invasion or insurrection, he shall be fined not exceeding one thousand dollars, and be confined in jail not exceeeing twelve months.

Laws of Maryland.

SEC. 267. If any person or persons within this State shall hold any secret or public meeting or unite with or belong to any secret club or association known by him or them to be intended to effect, promote, or encourage the separation or secession of this State from the Government or Union of the United States, every such person, upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to confinement in the penitentiary for a term not less than two nor more than six years, or to a fine of not less than five hundred or more than three thousand dollars, at the discretion of the court.